Exact Mass: 966.4685
Exact Mass Matches: 966.4685
Found 112 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 966.4685,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
[beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n
Rebaudioside A
Rebaudioside A is a rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a rebaudioside. It is functionally related to a rubusoside and a beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Glcp. Rebaudioside A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03510624 (Acute Effect of Rebaudioside A on Glucose Excursion During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). Rebaudioside A is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana and Bos taurus with data available. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Rebaudioside A belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steviol glycosides. These are prenol lipids containing a carbohydrate moiety glycosidically linked to a steviol (a diterpenoid based on a 13-hydroxykaur-16-en-18-oic acid) moiety. Rebaudioside A is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Rebaudioside A is a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia). Rebaudioside B, D, and E may also be present in minute quantities; however, it is suspected that rebaudioside B is a byproduct of the isolation technique. The two major compounds stevioside and rebaudioside, primarily responsible for the sweet taste of stevia leaves, were first isolated by two French chemists in 1931. A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. Constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia) Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside and α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 35.01 ug/mL. Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside and α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 35.01 ug/mL.
Rebaudioside E
Rebaudioside E is a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia) Constituent of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia)
PIP2(16:0/16:2(9Z,12Z))
PIP2(16:0/16:2(9Z,12Z)) is a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a bisphosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositols bisphosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PIP2(16:0/16:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of (9Z,12Z-hexadecadienoate) at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the (9Z,12Z-hexadecadienoate) moiety is derived from fish oils. The most important phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositols phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP2(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))
PIP2(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a bisphosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositols bisphosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PIP2(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitoleic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of palmitoleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitoleic acid moiety is derived from animal fats and vegetable oils, while the palmitoleic acid moiety is derived from animal fats and vegetable oils. The most important phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositols phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol. [HMDB] PIP2(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a bisphosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositols bisphosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PIP2(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitoleic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of palmitoleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitoleic acid moiety is derived from animal fats and vegetable oils, while the palmitoleic acid moiety is derived from animal fats and vegetable oils. The most important phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositols phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP2(16:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)
PIP2(16:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0) is a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a bisphosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositols bisphosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PIP2(16:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of (9Z,12Z-hexadecadienoate) at the C-1 position and one chain of palmitic acid at the C-2 position. The (9Z,12Z-hexadecadienoate) moiety is derived from fish oils, while the palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats. The most important phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositols phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha)
PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/TXB2)
PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/TXB2) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/TXB2), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Thromboxane B2 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(TXB2/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PGP(TXB2/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(TXB2/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Thromboxane B2 at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha)
PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(6 keto-PGF1alpha/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/TXB2)
PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/TXB2) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/TXB2), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Thromboxane B2 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(TXB2/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PGP(TXB2/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(TXB2/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Thromboxane B2 at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4))
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PGP(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7))
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PGP(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14))
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17))
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17))
PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 16,17-epoxy-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PGP(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 16,17-epoxy-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PIP(16:1(9Z)/PGJ2)
PIP(16:1(9Z)/PGJ2) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(16:1(9Z)/PGJ2), in particular, consists of one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin J2 at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(PGJ2/16:1(9Z))
PIP(PGJ2/16:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(PGJ2/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of Prostaglandin J2 at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R))
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)), in particular, consists of one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene B4 at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:2(9Z,12Z))
PIP(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of Leukotriene B4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S))
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:2(9Z,12Z))
PIP(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R))
PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(16:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)), in particular, consists of one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PIP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:2(9Z,12Z))
PIP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP). As other PIPs, oxidized phosphatidylinositol phosphates are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to a phosphorylated inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are generated from phosphatidylinositols, which are phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PIP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. The most important phosphatidylinositol phosphate in both quantitative and biological terms is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signaling molecules, via the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are usually present at low levels only in tissues, typically at about 1 to 3\\% of the concentration of phosphatidylinositol.
PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4)
PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene E4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PS(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene E4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4)
PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene E4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PS(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene E4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
stauntogenin 3-O-alpha-L-diginopyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-thevetopyranoside|stauntoside E
stauntogenin A 3-O-alpha-L-diginopyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosoyl-(1?4)-beta-D-thevetopyranoside|stauntoside G
(24S,25S)-5alpha-spirostane-2alpha,3beta,5,6beta,24-pentol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 24-O-2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside>
Rebaudioside A
[Chemical] Source; leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Morita and Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside and α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 35.01 ug/mL. Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside and α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 35.01 ug/mL.
Rebaudioside E
Rebaudioside E is a rebaudioside that is stevioside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucosyl ester moiety has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, a rebaudioside and a sophoroside. It is functionally related to a stevioside. Rebaudioside E is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana with data available. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). A rebaudioside that is stevioside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucosyl ester moiety has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. [Chemical] Source; leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Morita and Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
