Exact Mass: 803.4948
Exact Mass Matches: 803.4948
Found 500 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 803.4948,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex interacts with and inhibits calcineurin thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. It is used in foods as emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, gelling agent, formulation aid and firming agent; ice-cream stabiliser, used to improve the yield of curds in soft cheese, to increase the yield of doughs and baked products, as a binder and lubricant in sausages, and as thickener or viscosity control agent in beverages, salad dressings and relishes D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D016559 - Tacrolimus D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors Tacrolimus (anhydrous) is a macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and a bacterial metabolite. Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex inhibits calcineurin which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Tacrolimus anhydrous is a Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant. The mechanism of action of tacrolimus anhydrous is as a Calcineurin Inhibitor. Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor and potent immunosuppressive agent used largely as a means of prophylaxis against cellular rejection after transplantation. Tacrolimus therapy can be associated with mild serum enzyme elevations, and it has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent cholestatic liver injury. Tacrolimus is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and other organisms with data available. Tacrolimus is a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. Tacrolimus Anhydrous is anhydrous from of tacrolimus, a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AH - Agents for dermatitis, excluding corticosteroids L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AD - Calcineurin inhibitors C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C146638 - Calcineurin Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
PS(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PS(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of gamma-linolenic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of eicosapentaenoic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PS(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of alpha-linolenic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of eicosapentaenoic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of stearidonic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of arachidonic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of stearidonic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of eicosatetraenoic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))
PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of arachidonic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of stearidonic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))
PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of eicosatetraenoic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of stearidonic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))
PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of eicosapentaenoic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of alpha-linolenic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups (i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl group). As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have a palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))
PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a phosphatidylserine. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached to the C-1 and C-2 atoms. PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl chain to the C-1 atom, and one 6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl to the C-2 atom. Phosphatidylserine or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is distributed widely among animals, plants and microorganisms. Phosphatidylserine is an acidic (anionic) phospholipid with three ionizable groups, i.e. the phosphate moiety, the amino group and the carboxyl function. As with other acidic lipids, it exists in nature in salt form, but it has a high propensity to chelate to calcium via the charged oxygen atoms of both the carboxyl and phosphate moieties, modifying the conformation of the polar head group. This interaction may be of considerable relevance to the biological function of phosphatidylserine. While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Phosphatidylserines typically carry a net charge of -1 at physiological pH. They mostly have palmitic or stearic acid on carbon 1 and a long chain unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. 18:2, 20:4 and 22:6) on carbon 2. PS biosynthesis involves an exchange reaction of serine for ethanolamine in PE.
(1R,9S,14S,18E,21S,23S,24R)-1,14-Dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
PE(16:1(9Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha)
PE(16:1(9Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(16:1(9Z)/6 keto-PGF1alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(6 keto-PGF1alpha/16:1(9Z))
PE(6 keto-PGF1alpha/16:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(6 keto-PGF1alpha/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(16:1(9Z)/TXB2)
PE(16:1(9Z)/TXB2) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(16:1(9Z)/TXB2), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Thromboxane B2 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(TXB2/16:1(9Z))
PE(TXB2/16:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(TXB2/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Thromboxane B2 at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4))
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
PE(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(5Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(4)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7))
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
PE(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(4Z,8Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-OH(7)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14))
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-OH(14)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17))
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13E,15E,19Z)-OH(17)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17))
PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 16,17-epoxy-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 16,17-epoxy-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 18-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 18-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-hydroxyleicosapentaenyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-hydroxyleicosapentaenyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))
PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)+=O(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)+=O(15)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 18-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18R)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 18-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-hydroxyleicosapentaenyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-OH(18)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-hydroxyleicosapentaenyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-OH(12)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-OH(5)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-hydroxyleicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8,9--epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8,9--epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 19-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 19-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 18-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 18-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 16-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 16-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)-O(14R,15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,14Z)-O(11S,12R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8,9--epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z)-O(8,9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8,9--epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-O(5,6)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(20)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(5S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 19-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(19S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 19-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 18-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(18R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 18-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(17)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 16-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-OH(16R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 16-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-OH(15S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-OH(12S)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5E,8Z,12Z,14Z)-OH(11R)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9))
PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:4(5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-OH(9)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:0/PGE2)
PS(14:0/PGE2) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:0/PGE2), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin E2 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(PGE2/14:0)
PS(PGE2/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(PGE2/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin E2 at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:0/PGD2)
PS(14:0/PGD2) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:0/PGD2), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin D2 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(PGD2/14:0)
PS(PGD2/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(PGD2/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin D2 at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:0/20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S))
PS(14:0/20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:0/20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Lipoxin A4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S)/14:0)
PS(20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S)/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:4(7E,9E,11Z,13E)-3OH(5S,6R,15S)/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Lipoxin A4 at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGF2alpha)
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGF2alpha) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:1(9Z)/PGF2alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin F2alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(PGF2alpha/14:1(9Z))
PS(PGF2alpha/14:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(PGF2alpha/14:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin F2alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGE1)
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGE1) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:1(9Z)/PGE1), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin E1 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(PGE1/14:1(9Z))
PS(PGE1/14:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(PGE1/14:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin E1 at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGD1)
PS(14:1(9Z)/PGD1) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(14:1(9Z)/PGD1), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin D1 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(PGD1/14:1(9Z))
PS(PGD1/14:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(PGD1/14:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin D1 at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6))
PS(15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)), in particular, consists of one chain of one pentadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/15:0)
PS(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/15:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/15:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of pentadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(16:1(9Z)/5-iso PGF2VI)
PS(16:1(9Z)/5-iso PGF2VI) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(16:1(9Z)/5-iso PGF2VI), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha-VI at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(5-iso PGF2VI/16:1(9Z))
PS(5-iso PGF2VI/16:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(5-iso PGF2VI/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha-VI at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(18:0/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R))
PS(18:0/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:0/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one octadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/18:0)
PS(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/18:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/18:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of octadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(18:0/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13))
PS(18:0/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:0/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one octadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PS(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/18:0)
PS(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/18:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS). Oxidized phosphatidylserines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylserine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylserines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylserines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PS(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/18:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of octadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PSs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PS is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PSs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PS backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5))
PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PE(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9))
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13))
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9))
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13))
PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))
PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9))
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13))
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9))
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13))
PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R))
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13))
PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PE(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))
PE(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PE(18:1(9Z)-O(12,13)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PEs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PE is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PEs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PE backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(14:0/PGF2alpha)
PC(14:0/PGF2alpha) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(14:0/PGF2alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin F2alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(PGF2alpha/14:0)
PC(PGF2alpha/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(PGF2alpha/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin F2alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(14:0/PGE1)
PC(14:0/PGE1) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(14:0/PGE1), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin E1 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(PGE1/14:0)
PC(PGE1/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(PGE1/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin E1 at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(14:0/PGD1)
PC(14:0/PGD1) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(14:0/PGD1), in particular, consists of one chain of one tetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin D1 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(PGD1/14:0)
PC(PGD1/14:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(PGD1/14:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin D1 at the C-1 position and one chain of tetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(14:1(9Z)/PGF1alpha)
PC(14:1(9Z)/PGF1alpha) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(14:1(9Z)/PGF1alpha), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(PGF1alpha/14:1(9Z))
PC(PGF1alpha/14:1(9Z)) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(PGF1alpha/14:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Prostaglandin F1alpha at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-tetradecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(16:0/5-iso PGF2VI)
PC(16:0/5-iso PGF2VI) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(16:0/5-iso PGF2VI), in particular, consists of one chain of one hexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha-VI at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PC(5-iso PGF2VI/16:0)
PC(5-iso PGF2VI/16:0) is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC or GPCho). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphatidylcholines belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PC(5-iso PGF2VI/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-iso Prostaglandin F2alpha-VI at the C-1 position and one chain of hexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PC is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PCs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidated acyl chains with an oxidated acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PC backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
cyclo[(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-octynoic acid)?Val?N-Me-Val-1?Hmpa?Pro?N-Me-Val-2?Thr]|viequeamide A
Fk-506
D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D016559 - Tacrolimus D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2807
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus (anhydrous) is a macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and a bacterial metabolite. Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex inhibits calcineurin which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Tacrolimus anhydrous is a Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant. The mechanism of action of tacrolimus anhydrous is as a Calcineurin Inhibitor. Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor and potent immunosuppressive agent used largely as a means of prophylaxis against cellular rejection after transplantation. Tacrolimus therapy can be associated with mild serum enzyme elevations, and it has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent cholestatic liver injury. Tacrolimus is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and other organisms with data available. Tacrolimus is a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. Tacrolimus Anhydrous is anhydrous from of tacrolimus, a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AH - Agents for dermatitis, excluding corticosteroids L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AD - Calcineurin inhibitors C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C146638 - Calcineurin Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D016559 - Tacrolimus COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
