Exact Mass: 479.3611

Exact Mass Matches: 479.3611

Found 135 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 479.3611, within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error 0.01 dalton.

LysoPC(P-16:0/0:0)

(2-{[(2R)-3-[(1Z)-hexadec-1-en-1-yloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


LysoPC(P-16:0) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. Lysophosphatidylcholines can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) position. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. LysoPC(P-16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of plasmalogen 16:0 at the C-1 position. The plasmalogen 16:0 moiety is derived from animal fats, liver and kidney. Lysophosphatidylcholine is found in small amounts in most tissues. It is formed by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2, as part of the de-acylation/re-acylation cycle that controls its overall molecular species composition. It can also be formed inadvertently during extraction of lipids from tissues if the phospholipase is activated by careless handling. In blood plasma significant amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine are formed by a specific enzyme system, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which is secreted from the liver. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acids of position sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine to the free cholesterol in plasma, with formation of cholesterol esters and lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophospholipids have a role in lipid signaling by acting on lysophospholipid receptors (LPL-R). LPL-Rs are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins. Plasmalogens are glycerol ether phospholipids. They are of two types, alkyl ether (-O-CH2-) and alkenyl ether (-O-CH=CH-). Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) serves as the glycerol precursor for the synthesis of plasmalogens. Three major classes of plasmalogens have been identified: choline, ethanolamine and serine derivatives. Ethanolamine plasmalogen is prevalent in myelin. Choline plasmalogen is abundant in cardiac tissue. Usually, the highest proportion of the plasmalogen form is in the ethanolamine class with rather less in choline, and commonly little or none in other phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol. In choline plasmalogens of most tissues, a higher proportion is often of the O-alkyl rather than the O-alkenyl form, but the reverse tends to be true in heart lipids. In animal tissues, the alkyl and alkenyl moieties in both non-polar and phospholipids tend to be rather simple in composition with 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 (double bond in position 9) predominating. Ether analogues of triacylglycerols, i.e. 1-alkyldiacyl-sn-glycerols, are present at trace levels only if at all in most animal tissues, but they can be major components of some marine lipids.

   

(13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoylcarnitine

3-[(13Z,16Z)-Docosa-13,16-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


(13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (13Z)-docosa-13,16-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

(5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine

3-[(12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


(5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

(5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine

3-({7-[2-(3-hydroxyoctylidene)-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


(5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine

3-({7-[2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

10-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine

3-{[10-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


10-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 10-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 10-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 10-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

11-(5-Butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

3-{[11-(5-butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


11-(5-butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 11-(5-butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 11-(5-butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 11-(5-butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

12-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine

3-{[12-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


12-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 12-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 12-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 12-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

13-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine

3-{[13-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


13-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 13-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 13-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 13-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine

3-{[9-(5-hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 9-(5-hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine

3-({7-[2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl]heptanoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine

3-[(15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

(5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine

3-({10-[3-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


(5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

3-{[11-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 11-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

Cholylalanine

2-[(1-Hydroxy-4-{5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadecan-14-yl}pentylidene)amino]propanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


Cholylalanine belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Cholylalanine consists of the bile acid cholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Alanine conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Cholylalanine, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176). Cholylalanine appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070).

   

Chenodeoxycholylserine

2-[(4-{5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadecan-14-yl}-1-hydroxypentylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


Chenodeoxycholylserine belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Chenodeoxycholylserine consists of the bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Serine conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Chenodeoxycholylserine, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176). Chenodeoxycholylserine appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070).

   

Deoxycholylserine

2-(4-{5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}pentanamido)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


Deoxycholylserine belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Deoxycholylserine consists of the bile acid deoxycholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Serine conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Deoxycholylserine, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176). Deoxycholylserine appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070).

   

Cholylsarcosine

2-[methyl-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoyl]amino]acetic acid

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

Pingbeimine B

Pingbeimine B

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

lyngbyatoxin A acetate

lyngbyatoxin A acetate

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

amphiasterin D1

amphiasterin D1

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

Conopharyngine

Conopharyngine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

aphanamgrandin E|tirucalla-1(2),7,24-trien-3,23-dione-1(2->3)abeo-2-formamide

aphanamgrandin E|tirucalla-1(2),7,24-trien-3,23-dione-1(2->3)abeo-2-formamide

C31H45NO3 (479.3399)


   
   

Serine conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid

Serine conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

Alanine conjugated cholic acid

Alanine conjugated cholic acid

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

PC(O-16:1/0:0)[U]

3,5,9-Trioxa-4-phosphapentacos-18-en-1-aminium,4,7-dihydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-,inner salt,4-oxide,(Z)-(1)-

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

PC(O-16:1/0:0)

3,5,9-Trioxa-4-phosphapentacos-18-en-1-aminium, 4,7-dihydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, 4-oxide, [R-(Z)]-

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

LPlasCho

3,5,9-Trioxa-4-phosphapentacos-10-en-1-aminium, 4,7-dihydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, 4-oxide, [R-(Z)]-

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

LPC(16:0)

1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

CAR 22:2

13-cis,16-cis-docosadienoylcarnitine;3-[(13Z,16Z)-docosa-13,16-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

LysoPC O-16:1

1-(11Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

Docosyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate

Docosyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate

C26H57NO4S (479.4008)


   

Oleana-2,12-dieno[2,3-d]isoxazol-28-oic acid

Oleana-2,12-dieno[2,3-d]isoxazol-28-oic acid

C31H45NO3 (479.3399)


   

(2S,3S,4R)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxyoctadecyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside

(2S,3S,4R)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxyoctadecyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside

C24H49NO8 (479.3458)


   

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-3-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-2,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoate

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-3-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-2,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoate

C32H47O3- (479.3525)


   

omega-Carboxyphylloquinone

omega-Carboxyphylloquinone

C31H43O4- (479.3161)


   

13-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine

13-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)tridecanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine

9-(5-Hexyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

11-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

10-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine

10-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)decanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

11-(5-Butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

11-(5-Butyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

12-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine

12-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)dodecanoylcarnitine

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

Deoxycholylserine

Deoxycholylserine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

Chenodeoxycholylserine

Chenodeoxycholylserine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine

(5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine

(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-Hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine

(5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine

7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine

7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine

(5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   
   
   

(2R,3R)-2-[[cyclohexylmethyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3-methyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocin-6-one

(2R,3R)-2-[[cyclohexylmethyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3-methyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocin-6-one

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

(2S,3S)-2-[[cyclohexylmethyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3-methyl-8-(2-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocin-6-one

(2S,3S)-2-[[cyclohexylmethyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3-methyl-8-(2-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocin-6-one

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

cyclobutyl-[(1S)-1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-2-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanone

cyclobutyl-[(1S)-1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-2-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanone

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

cyclobutyl-[(1R)-1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-2-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanone

cyclobutyl-[(1R)-1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-2-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanone

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

1-(1E-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-(1E-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

NAGly 13:1/13:1

NAGly 13:1/13:1

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

NAGly 16:2/10:0

NAGly 16:2/10:0

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

NAGly 10:0/16:2

NAGly 10:0/16:2

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

[3-[(Z)-hexadec-9-enoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

[3-[(Z)-hexadec-9-enoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

2-aminoethyl [2-hydroxy-3-[(Z)-nonadec-9-enoxy]propyl] hydrogen phosphate

2-aminoethyl [2-hydroxy-3-[(Z)-nonadec-9-enoxy]propyl] hydrogen phosphate

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxytridecanoylamino)undecane-1-sulfonic acid

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxytridecanoylamino)undecane-1-sulfonic acid

C24H49NO6S (479.328)


   

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxydodecanoylamino)dodecane-1-sulfonic acid

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxydodecanoylamino)dodecane-1-sulfonic acid

C24H49NO6S (479.328)


   

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)decane-1-sulfonic acid

3-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)decane-1-sulfonic acid

C24H49NO6S (479.328)


   

N-(decanoyl)-tetradecasphinganine-1-phosphate

N-(decanoyl)-tetradecasphinganine-1-phosphate

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxytetradeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]pentadec-9-enamide

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxytetradeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]pentadec-9-enamide

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxypentadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]tetradec-9-enamide

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxypentadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]tetradec-9-enamide

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]dodec-5-enamide

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]dodec-5-enamide

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]tridec-8-enamide

(Z)-N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexadeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]tridec-8-enamide

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 14:3;2O/15:0;(2OH)

Cer 14:3;2O/15:0;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 17:3;2O/12:0;(2OH)

Cer 17:3;2O/12:0;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 15:2;2O/14:1;(2OH)

Cer 15:2;2O/14:1;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 15:2;2O/14:1;(3OH)

Cer 15:2;2O/14:1;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 17:3;2O/12:0;(3OH)

Cer 17:3;2O/12:0;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 14:2;2O/15:1;(3OH)

Cer 14:2;2O/15:1;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 14:2;2O/15:1;(2OH)

Cer 14:2;2O/15:1;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 15:3;2O/14:0;(3OH)

Cer 15:3;2O/14:0;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 14:3;2O/15:0;(3OH)

Cer 14:3;2O/15:0;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 16:2;2O/13:1;(2OH)

Cer 16:2;2O/13:1;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 16:2;2O/13:1;(3OH)

Cer 16:2;2O/13:1;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 16:3;2O/13:0;(2OH)

Cer 16:3;2O/13:0;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 17:2;2O/12:1;(2OH)

Cer 17:2;2O/12:1;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 15:3;2O/14:0;(2OH)

Cer 15:3;2O/14:0;(2OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 17:2;2O/12:1;(3OH)

Cer 17:2;2O/12:1;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

Cer 16:3;2O/13:0;(3OH)

Cer 16:3;2O/13:0;(3OH)

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


   

2-[[(E)-2-(hexanoylamino)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[[(E)-2-(hexanoylamino)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[[(E)-2-(heptanoylamino)-3-hydroxyundec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[[(E)-2-(heptanoylamino)-3-hydroxyundec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)dec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)dec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[[(E)-2-(butanoylamino)-3-hydroxytetradec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[[(E)-2-(butanoylamino)-3-hydroxytetradec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(propanoylamino)pentadec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(propanoylamino)pentadec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(nonanoylamino)non-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(nonanoylamino)non-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[[(E)-2-(decanoylamino)-3-hydroxyoct-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[[(E)-2-(decanoylamino)-3-hydroxyoct-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[[(E)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxyhexadec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[[(E)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxyhexadec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(pentanoylamino)tridec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(pentanoylamino)tridec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium

C23H48N2O6P+ (479.325)


   

1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


A lysophosphatidylcholine P-16:0 in which the alk-1-enyl group is hexadec-1-en-1-yl.

   

(13Z,16Z)-docosadienoylcarnitine

(13Z,16Z)-docosadienoylcarnitine

C29H53NO4 (479.3974)


An O-acylcarnitine having (13Z,16Z)-docosadienoyl as the acyl substituent.

   

1-(11Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-(11Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

1-(9E-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-(9E-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

1-(9Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-(9Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

lysophosphatidylcholine O-16:1

lysophosphatidylcholine O-16:1

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


A glycerophosphocholine that is sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing a hexadecenyl group at an unspecified position (either R(1) = hexadecenyl, R(2) = H or R(1) = H, R(2) = hexadecenyl).

   

lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0/0:0)

lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0/0:0)

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


A 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl group contains 16 carbons and no additional double bonds.

   

NA-2AAA 22:2(13Z,16Z)

NA-2AAA 22:2(13Z,16Z)

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

NA-Phe 22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)

NA-Phe 22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)

C31H45NO3 (479.3399)


   
   
   
   
   

LPC P-16:0 or LPC O-16:1

LPC P-16:0 or LPC O-16:1

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

CerP 14:0;O2/10:0

CerP 14:0;O2/10:0

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

ST 25:1;O4;Gly

ST 25:1;O4;Gly

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

ST 26:0;O3;Gly

ST 26:0;O3;Gly

C28H49NO5 (479.3611)


   

ST 19:0;O;HexNAc

ST 19:0;O;HexNAc

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(2-{[(2s)-3-(hexadec-4-en-1-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

(2-{[(2s)-3-(hexadec-4-en-1-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3s,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3s,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

LysoPE O-19:1

new_metabolite-056607

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


new metabolite created

   

methyl 1-{[4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-(pentadec-4-en-1-yl)oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

methyl 1-{[4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-(pentadec-4-en-1-yl)oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

[(10s,13s)-5-[(3r)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl]-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

[(10s,13s)-5-[(3r)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl]-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

(2-{[(2s)-3-[(4z)-hexadec-4-en-1-yloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

(2-{[(2s)-3-[(4z)-hexadec-4-en-1-yloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

[5-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

[5-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3s,4r,5s)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

methyl (2s)-1-{[(3s,4r,5s)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-5-[(4e)-pentadec-4-en-1-yl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

C27H45NO6 (479.3247)


   

(2-{[(2s)-3-[(3z)-hexadec-3-en-1-yloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

(2-{[(2s)-3-[(3z)-hexadec-3-en-1-yloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)


   

[(10s,13s)-5-[(3s)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl]-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

[(10s,13s)-5-[(3s)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl]-11-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-9-methyl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.0⁴,¹⁵]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15),11-pentaen-13-yl]methyl acetate

C29H41N3O3 (479.3148)


   

(2-{[(2s)-3-(hexadec-3-en-1-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

(2-{[(2s)-3-(hexadec-3-en-1-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C24H50NO6P (479.3376)