Exact Mass: 357.3031484

Exact Mass Matches: 357.3031484

Found 111 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 357.3031484, within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error 0.01 dalton.

   

Leu-Leu-Leu

2-({2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene}amino)-4-methylpentanoic acid

C18H35N3O4 (357.26274300000006)


Leu-leu-leu, also known as Leucyl-leucyl-leucine or Trileucine, is classified as a member of the oligopeptides. Oligopeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of between three and ten alpha-amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Leu-leu-leu is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and a weak acidic compound. Leu-leu-leu can be found in feces.

   

5-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(5-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


5-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 5-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

6-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(6-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


6-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 6-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 6-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 6-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

3-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(3-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


3-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 3-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

7-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(7-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


7-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 7-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

11-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(11-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


11-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 11-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 11-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 11-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

8-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(8-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


8-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 8-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 8-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 8-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

4-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(4-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


4-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 4-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 4-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 4-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

10-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(10-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


10-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 10-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 10-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 10-Methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

9-methyldodecanoylcarnitine

3-[(9-methyldodecanoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


9-methyldodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 9-methyldodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 9-methyldodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 9-methyldodecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

Tridecanoylcarnitine

3-(tridecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


Tridecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridecanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

   

N-Palmitoyl Threonine

2-(Hexadecanoylamino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


N-palmitoyl threonine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Palmitic acid amide of Threonine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Palmitoyl Threonine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Palmitoyl Threonine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

Oleanilide

N-Phenyloctadec-9-enimidate

C24H39NO (357.3031484)


   

Pentolame

14-[(5-hydroxypentyl)amino]-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-5-ol

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   

(5alpha)-23-Methyl-4-aza-21-norchol-1-ene-3,20-dione

2,15-dimethyl-14-(3-methylbutanoyl)-6-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-3-en-5-one

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   
   

Oleyl anilide

N-phenyl-9Z-octadecenamide

C24H39NO (357.3031484)


   

2-(12-Hydroxy-12-methyltridecyl)quinoline-4(1H)-one

2-(12-Hydroxy-12-methyltridecyl)quinoline-4(1H)-one

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   

3-oxo 18-hydroxy 20S-dimethylamino 1,4-pregnadiene|oxo-3 hydroxy-18 dimethylamino-20(S) pregnadiene-1,4

3-oxo 18-hydroxy 20S-dimethylamino 1,4-pregnadiene|oxo-3 hydroxy-18 dimethylamino-20(S) pregnadiene-1,4

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   
   

daphnezomine L methyl ester

daphnezomine L methyl ester

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   
   
   

Putative (3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)glycine

Putative (3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)glycine

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


   

N-(2-fluro-ethyl)-eicosanoyl amine

N-(2-fluro-ethyl)-eicosanoyl amine

C22H44FNO (357.3406746)


   

N-eicosanoyl-(2-fluoroethyl)amine

N-(2-fluro-ethyl)-eicosanoyl amine

C22H44FNO (357.3406746)


   
   

5(S),6(R)-Lipoxin A4-d5

5(S),6(R)-Lipoxin A4-d5

C20H27D5O5 (357.25634809)


   

Type IV cyanolipid 18:3 ester

(1-cyano-2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) 9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoate

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   

Type III cyanolipid 18:3 ester

Octadec-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoic acid, 3-cyano-2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl ester

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   

N-eicosanoyl-(2-fluoroethyl)amine

N-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-eicosanoyl amide

C22H44NOF (357.3406746)


   

NA 20:1;O3

N-hexadecanoyl-threonine

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


   
   

1,3-di-n-octyltetramethyldisilazane

1,3-di-n-octyltetramethyldisilazane

C20H47NSi2 (357.3246862)


   

6-(4-Cyclopentylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-3-boronic acid pinacol ester

6-(4-Cyclopentylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-3-boronic acid pinacol ester

C20H32BN3O2 (357.25874419999997)


   

2,3-Epoxy-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)androstan-17-one

2,3-Epoxy-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)androstan-17-one

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   

DIBUTYLOCTYL MALATE

DIBUTYLOCTYL MALATE

C20H37O5- (357.2640852)


   

N,N-Di-n-octyl-3-oxapentanedioic Acid Monoamide

N,N-Di-n-octyl-3-oxapentanedioic Acid Monoamide

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


   

Cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate

Cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate

C21H40ClNO (357.27982600000007)


C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent

   
   
   

(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid

(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid

C18H35N3O4 (357.26274300000006)


   

S-(2-acetamidoethyl) hexadecanethioate

S-(2-acetamidoethyl) hexadecanethioate

C20H39NO2S (357.2701354)


   

(5alpha)-23-Methyl-4-aza-21-norchol-1-ene-3,20-dione

2,15-dimethyl-14-(3-methylbutanoyl)-6-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-3-en-5-one

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosapentaenoate

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosapentaenoate

C24H37O2- (357.2793402)


A tetracosapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

17-(5-Hydroxypentylamino)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

17-(5-Hydroxypentylamino)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)


   
   

3-Hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate

3-Hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate

C20H37O5- (357.2640852)


   

(R,R)-3-(3-hydroxydecanoyloxy)decanoate

(R,R)-3-(3-hydroxydecanoyloxy)decanoate

C20H37O5- (357.2640852)


   

(3R)-3-tridecanoyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(3R)-3-tridecanoyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


   

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-Tetracosapentaenoate

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-Tetracosapentaenoate

C24H37O2- (357.2793402)


A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

   

(3R)-4-[dimethyl(trideuteriomethyl)azaniumyl]-3-tridecanoyloxybutanoate

(3R)-4-[dimethyl(trideuteriomethyl)azaniumyl]-3-tridecanoyloxybutanoate

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxynonadecan-2-yl)acetamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxynonadecan-2-yl)acetamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadecan-2-yl)propanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadecan-2-yl)propanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxynonan-2-yl)dodecanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxynonan-2-yl)dodecanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxyheptadecan-2-yl)butanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxyheptadecan-2-yl)butanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctan-2-yl)tridecanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctan-2-yl)tridecanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxydodecan-2-yl)nonanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxydodecan-2-yl)nonanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxytetradecan-2-yl)heptanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxytetradecan-2-yl)heptanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxyhexadecan-2-yl)pentanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxyhexadecan-2-yl)pentanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxypentadecan-2-yl)hexanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxypentadecan-2-yl)hexanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxytridecan-2-yl)octanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxytridecan-2-yl)octanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxyundecan-2-yl)decanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxyundecan-2-yl)decanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

N-(1,3-dihydroxydecan-2-yl)undecanamide

N-(1,3-dihydroxydecan-2-yl)undecanamide

C21H43NO3 (357.3242768)


   

Pyrrolidine, 1-(1-oxo-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenyl)-

Pyrrolidine, 1-(1-oxo-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenyl)-

C24H39NO (357.3031484)


   

Leu-Leu-Leu

Leu-Leu-Leu

C18H35N3O4 (357.26274300000006)


A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.

   

tetracosapentaenoate

tetracosapentaenoate

C24H37O2 (357.2793402)


A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of tetracosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

   

AcCa(13:0)

AcCa(13:0)

C20H39NO4 (357.28789340000003)


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Tridecylcarnitine

(3-carboxy-2-tridecanoyloxypropyl)-trimethylazanium

C20H39NO4 (357.2878934)


   

16-(dimethylamino)-6,13-dimethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁵,⁹.0¹³,¹⁸]icos-18-en-8-one

16-(dimethylamino)-6,13-dimethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁵,⁹.0¹³,¹⁸]icos-18-en-8-one

C23H35NO2 (357.266765)