Exact Mass: 355.248436
Exact Mass Matches: 355.248436
Found 184 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 355.248436,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Pipercide
Alkaloid from the aerial parts of Piper retrofractum (Javanese long pepper) and the fruits of Piper nigrum (pepper). Pipercide is found in herbs and spices and pepper (spice). Pipercide is found in herbs and spices. Pipercide is an alkaloid from the aerial parts of Piper retrofractum (Javanese long pepper) and the fruits of Piper nigrum (pepper). Pipercide is a member of benzodioxoles. Pipercide is a natural product found in Piper mullesua, Piper retrofractum, and other organisms with data available.
3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioylcarnitine
C18H29NO6 (355.19947740000003)
3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
(6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-3-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-3-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-3-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-3-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-3-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-5-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-5-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-5-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-5-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-5-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-8-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-8-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-8-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-8-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-8-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(11E)-Tridec-11-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
(11E)-Tridec-11-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (11E)-tridec-11-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (11E)-Tridec-11-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (11E)-Tridec-11-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-2-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-2-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-2-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-2-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-2-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-4-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-4-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-4-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-4-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-4-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-6-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-6-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-6-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-6-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-6-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(9E)-Tridec-9-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
(9E)-Tridec-9-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9E)-tridec-9-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (9E)-Tridec-9-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (9E)-Tridec-9-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-7-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-7-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-7-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-7-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-7-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tridec-10-enoylcarnitine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
Tridec-10-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tridec-10-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tridec-10-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tridec-10-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Azastene
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
Cyanoketone
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
Cyprodime
10H-Pyrido(3,2-b)(1,4)benzothiazine, 10-(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl)-
C21H29N3S (355.20820740000005)
Dimethylsphingosine
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
N-(4-Methoxy-3-phenethoxyphenethyl)-N-propylpropan-1-amine
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
Nicanartine
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
1-(1-Methoxybutan-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-6-methyltriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine
Laetispicine|N-isobutyl-11-(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,9E-undecatrienamide
(E, E, E)-Piperstachine|Piperstachin|piperstachine
(6,7-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
3,18-dioxo 20S-dimethylamino 1,4-pregnadiene
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
1-[(2E,4E)-11-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-undecadienoyl]pyrrolidine
A natural product found in Piper boehmeriaefolium.
1-[(2E,10E)-11-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,10-undecadienoyl]pyrrolidine
A natural product found in Piper boehmeriaefolium.
1-methyl-2-[7-hydroxy-(E)-9-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
daphlongamine G|rel-(2aS,4aS,8S,9R,10aR,10bS,10cS)-2,2a,3,4,4a,5,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-tetradecahydro-2a-methoxy-8,10b-dimethyl-1H-9,10c-methanocyclopenta[1,8]azuleno[4,5-a]indolizine-1,13-dione
1-Hydroxymethylpyrrolizidine methyl 2-O-acetyl-2-isopropylmalate
C18H29NO6 (355.19947740000003)
2-{2-[4[(2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-benzyloxy]ethoxy}-propionic acid
C18H29NO6 (355.19947740000003)
9-ethyl-3-[n-ethyl-n-(m-tolyl)hydrazonomethyl]carbazole
(2R)-2-{[6-(Benzyloxy)-9-isopropyl-9H-purin-2-YL]amino}butan-1-OL
N-Ethyl-N-Isopropyl-3-Methyl-5-{[(2s)-2-(Pyridin-4-Ylamino)propyl]oxy}benzamide
10H-Pyrido(3,2-b)(1,4)benzothiazine, 10-(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl)-
C21H29N3S (355.20820740000005)
1-cyclopentyl-N-[2-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoate
A tetracosahexaenoate that is the conjugate base of (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
3,4-dimethylidenenonanedioylcarnitine
C18H29NO6 (355.19947740000003)
17-Hydroxy-4,4,10,13,17-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2-carbonitrile
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
3-Hydroxydodeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
3-Hydroxydodeca-5,7-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
5-Hydroxydodeca-7,9-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
2-Hydroxydodeca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
4-Hydroxydodeca-6,8-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
2-Hydroxydodeca-4,6-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
3-Hydroxydodeca-7,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
6-Hydroxydodeca-8,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
(6E,10E)-3-Hydroxydodeca-6,10-dienoylcarnitine
C19H33NO5 (355.23586080000007)
2-[(E)-1-amino-2-hydroxyheptadec-3-enyl]-2-hydroxypropanedial
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
1-[(4E,10E)-11-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-4,10-undecadienoyl]pyrrolidine
A natural product found in Piper boehmeriaefolium.
(3R,5R)-5-[2-[2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-1-methyl-3-pyrrolidinol
1,1-Dimethyl-3-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]-3-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)urea
17-O-acetylnorajmaline(1+)
An indole alkaloid cation that is the conjugate acid of 17-O-acetylnorajmaline, obtained by protonation of the tertiary amino function. Major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
(-)-Minovincinine(1+)
An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of (-)-minovincinine. The major species at pH 7.3.
(2E,4E,8E)-N-isobutyl-11-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)undeca-2,4,8-trienamide
A natural product found in Piper boehmeriaefolium.
(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersoninium
An indole alkaloid cation that is the conjugate acid of (3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine, obtained by protonation of the tertiary amino group. Major species at pH 7.3.
2-[(3R,6aS,8R,10aS)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)acetamide
2-[(3S,6aS,8R,10aS)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
2-[(3S,6aS,8S,10aS)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)acetamide
N-[(2R,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2S,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2S,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
2-[(2R,3S,6S)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2S,3S,6R)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2S,3S,6S)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(3S,6aR,8S,10aR)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
2-[(3R,6aR,8R,10aR)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
2-[(3S,6aR,8R,10aR)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-[(2S,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2S,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2R,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2R,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
N-[(2R,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino]ethyl]-3-oxanyl]propanamide
2-[(2S,3R,6R)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2R,3S,6R)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(2R,3R,6R)-3-[[(cyclopentylamino)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
2-[(3R,6aS,8S,10aS)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
2-[(3R,6aR,8S,10aR)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,6a,8,9,10,10a-decahydropyrano[2,3-c][1,5]oxazocin-8-yl]-N-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]acetamide
(1R,5S)-7-[4-(2-methylphenyl)phenyl]-6-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
[(1R)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,3-azetidine]yl]methanol
[(1S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,3-azetidine]yl]methanol
(1R,5S)-7-[4-(2-methylphenyl)phenyl]-6-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
N(alpha)-acetyl-N(tele)-(1,4-dihydroxynonan-3-yl)-L-histidine
C17H29N3O5 (355.21071040000004)
(2S)-hydroxy[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoylamino]acetic acid
C20H37NO4 (355.27224420000005)
10-Hydroxycoronaridine(1+)
A tertiary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of 10-hydroxycoronaridine. The major species at pH 7.3.
(5Z,9alpha,11alpha,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprost-5-en-1-oate
4-(Dimethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-phenylbutan-2-yl propanoate
4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-yl propanoate
(3-Heptoxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
2-Aminoethyl (3-decoxy-2-hydroxypropyl) hydrogen phosphate
2-(beta-Dipropylaminopropionyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[3,4-a]indole
C22H33N3O (355.26234880000004)
methyl (2S,13bS,14aS,1R,4aR)-2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,8,14,13b,14a,4a-decahydrobenz o[1,2-g]indolo[2,3-a]quinolizinecarboxylate
15alpha-stemmadenine(1+)
An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of 15alpha-stemmadenine. The major species at pH 7.3.
(+)-minovincinine(1+)
An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of (+)-minovincinine. The major species at pH 7.3.
Tetracosahexaenoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of tetracosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha(1-)
A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(1r,5r,6s,11r,12s,14s,17s,20s,21s)-21-hydroxy-5-methyl-15-methylidene-7-oxa-10-azaheptacyclo[12.6.2.0¹,¹¹.0⁵,²⁰.0⁶,¹⁰.0¹²,¹⁷.0¹⁷,²¹]docosan-19-one
6-amino-15-ethylidene-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.0¹,³.0³,⁸.0¹²,¹⁶]octadecan-14-one
methyl 14,18-dimethyl-12-azahexacyclo[10.6.1.1¹,⁴.0¹⁰,¹⁸.0¹⁵,¹⁹.0⁷,²⁰]icos-7(20)-ene-3-carboxylate
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
(1s,3r,6s,8r,11s,12s,15e,16s)-6-amino-15-ethylidene-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.0¹,³.0³,⁸.0¹²,¹⁶]octadecan-14-one
(1r,2r,5r,7s,8r,9r,10r,13r,17r)-11-ethyl-7-hydroxy-13-methyl-6-methylidene-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.1⁵,⁸.0¹,¹⁰.0²,⁸.0¹³,¹⁷]nonadecane-4,16-dione
[(3r,3ar,3br,4r,8ar)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxo-hexahydro-3h-furo[3,2-a]pyrrolizin-3a-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate
C18H29NO6 (355.19947740000003)