Exact Mass: 313.26168000000007

Solacaproine

N,N-Bis[4-(dimethylamino)butyl]hexanamide, 9ci

Solacaproine is found in fruits. Solacaproine is an alkaloid from the roots of Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato). Alkaloid from the roots of Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato). Solacaproine is found in fruits.

N-Palmitoylglycine

2-(Hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid

Palmitoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety. Acylglycines 1 possess a common amidoacetic acid moiety and are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. Elevated levels of certain acylglycines appear in the urine and blood of patients with various fatty acid oxidation disorders. They are normally produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine ↔ CoA + N-acylglycine. Palmitoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety. Palmitoylglycine (N-palmitoyl glycine), an endogenous lipid that acts as a modulator of calcium influx and nitric oxide (NO) production in sensory neurons[1].

9-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-9-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

9-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 9-decenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 9-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 9-decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 9-decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews]. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB]

(4Z)-Decenoylcarnitine

3-[(4Z)-Dec-4-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid

(4Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z)-decenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (4Z)-decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular (4Z)-decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

cis-4-Decenoyl carnitine

CIS-4-DECENOYL CARNITINE

cis-4-Decenoyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an cis-4-decenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. cis-4-Decenoyl carnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine cis-4-Decenoyl carnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular cis-4-Decenoyl carnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine

3-[(8-methylnon-6-enoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

3-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-3-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

3-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-3-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 3-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

6-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-6-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

6-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-6-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 6-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 6-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 6-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

7-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-7-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

7-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-7-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 7-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 7-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

5-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-5-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

5-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-5-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 5-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 5-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

2-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-2-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

2-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-2-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 2-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine

3-(dec-8-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (8Z)-dec-8-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular (8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

N-Lauroyl Isoleucine

2-dodecanamido-3-methylpentanoic acid

N-lauroyl isoleucine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Lauric acid amide of Isoleucine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Lauroyl Isoleucine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Lauroyl Isoleucine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

N-Lauroyl Leucine

N-lauroyl leucine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Lauric acid amide of Leucine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Lauroyl Leucine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Lauroyl Leucine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

1-Methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4(1H)-one

1-methyl-2-undecyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-one

Decenoylcarnitine

3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]tridec-5-enoate

Ricasetron

3,3-Dimethyl-N-{8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-carboximidate

N,N-Diisopropyl-N'-isoamyl-N'-diethylaminoethylurea

1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1-(3-methylbutyl)-3,3-bis(propan-2-yl)urea

(2S,3R)-2-acetamido-3-acetoxy-tetradecane|diacetyl xestoaminol C|N,O-diacetyl xestoaminol C

3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-(8-oxododecyl)piperidine

(?)-7-hydroxycassine

(20S)-20-Aminopregna-1,4-dien-3-one|20-Aminopregna-1,4-dien-3-one

C19H27N3O

3-hydro xy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-(7-oxododecyl)piperidine

1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one

4(1H)-Quinolinone, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-

1-Methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4(1H)-one is a natural product found in Ruta graveolens with data available.

N-[3-(3-Aminopropylamino)propyl]dodecanamide

1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one

NCGC00347386-02!1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one

Heptadecanoyl Ethanolamide

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)heptadecanamide

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 32

Dehydrophytosphingosine (not validated) - 2H

Annotation level-3

1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000847478]

NCGC00347386-02!1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000847478]

1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one [IIN-based: Match]

NCGC00347386-02!1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one [IIN-based: Match]

N-Palmitoylglycine

N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-glycine

Palmitoylglycine (N-palmitoyl glycine), an endogenous lipid that acts as a modulator of calcium influx and nitric oxide (NO) production in sensory neurons[1].

R-Palmitoyl-(1-methyl) Ethanolamide

N-(2-hydroxy-1R-methylethyl)-hexadecanamide

N-(2R-hydroxypropyl)-hexadecanamide

Solacaproine

N,N-Bis[4-(dimethylamino)butyl]hexanamide, 9ci

CAR 10:1

(Z)-dec-4-enoylcarnitine;3-[(4Z)-dec-4-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate;cis-4-decenoylcarnitine

EMA-1

N-hexadecanoyl-glycine

NAE 17:0

N-(Heptadecanoyl)-ethanolamine

SPB 19:1;O2

16S-methyl-2S-amino-4E-octadecene-1,3R-diol;

C19 sphingosine

(2S,3R,4E)-2-aminononadec-4-ene-1,3-diol

Ricasetron

C16H31N3O3 (313.23652960000004)

1-BOC-3-(3-MORPHOLIN-4-YL-PROPYLAMINO)-PYRROLIDINE

Cogazocine

C12D25NaO4S (313.29404645000005)

Sodium (2H25)dodecyl sulfate

Light Stabilizer 622

N-Dodecanoyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline

13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one

C21H29O2 (313.2167434)

ISOPROPYL LAUROYL SARCOSINATE

2,2,4,9,9,11-hexamethyltetraaza-14-crown-4 hydrate

C12H33N4O5 (313.2450828)

MYRISTOYL METHYL BETA-ALANINE

Octadecanamide,N-(hydroxymethyl)-

4-(Cyclohexyliminomethyl)benzeneboronic acid pinacol ester

C19H28BNO2 (313.2212978)

2-(trimethylammonio)hexadecanoate

N,N-Diisopropyl-N-isoamyl-N-diethylaminoethylurea

9,10-Epoxy-18-hydroxystearate

C18H33O4- (313.2378718)

12,13-DiHOME(1-)

C18H33O4- (313.2378718)

A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 12,13-DiHOME, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

(8E,10S)-10-Hydroperoxy-8-octadecenoate

C18H33O4- (313.2378718)

An unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (8E,10S)-10-hydroperoxy-8-octadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.

3-[(E)-dec-4-enoyl]oxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

N-Lauroyl Leucine

(E)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]tridec-5-enoate

2-Decenoyl carnitine

3-Decenoylcarnitine

3-[(E)-dec-3-enoyl]oxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

3-Decenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dec-3-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review (PMID: 35710135 ), acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Decenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Decenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494 ). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 3-Decenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with overweight (PMID: 30322392 ). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852 ) and familial mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937 ). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available (PMID: 35710135 ).

(1s,4s,4as,8as)-1,6-dimethyl-4-[(2r,3r)-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)oxiran-2-yl]-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2h-naphthalene-1-carbonitrile

(1s,4s,4as,8as)-1,6-dimethyl-4-[(2r,3r)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxiran-2-yl]-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2h-naphthalene-1-carbonitrile

n-[3-(acetyloxy)tetradecan-2-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(1s,9s,10r)-9-[(2z)-hex-2-en-1-yl]-10-methyl-5,7-diazatricyclo[6.3.1.0⁴,¹²]dodeca-4(12),5,7-trien-6-yl]ethanimidic acid

(1r,2s,6s,13r,14s,21s)-7,19,23-triazahexacyclo[9.9.1.1¹,¹³.1²,⁶.0⁷,²¹.0¹⁴,¹⁹]tricos-11-ene

C20H31N3 (313.2517846)

n-[(2s,3r)-3-(acetyloxy)tetradecan-2-yl]ethanimidic acid

n-[(1s,9r,10r)-9-[(2z)-hex-2-en-1-yl]-10-methyl-5,7-diazatricyclo[6.3.1.0⁴,¹²]dodeca-4(12),5,7-trien-6-yl]ethanimidic acid