Exact Mass: 1033.5040956
Exact Mass Matches: 1033.5040956
Found 84 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 1033.5040956,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Tomatine
Tomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining normal levels of HDL (PMID: 10942315). Experiments with high-tomatine green tomato extracts were recently shown to strongly inhibit the growth of a number of human cancer cell lines including breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), gastric (AGS), and hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), as well as normal human liver cells (PMID: 19514731). Other studies have found that purified tomatine is an outstanding immunoadjuvant capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that contribute to protection against malaria, Francisella tularensis and regression of experimental tumors (PMID: 15193398). Tomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining norma D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1]. Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1].
Brevetoxin B2
Brevetoxin B2 is found in mollusks. Brevetoxin B2 is isolated from Perna canaliculus (New Zealand green mussel
PGP(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4)
PGP(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/LTE4), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene E4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))
PGP(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(LTE4/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene E4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4)
PGP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/LTE4), in particular, consists of one chain of one 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene E4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
PGP(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
PGP(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is an oxidized phosphoglycerophosphate (PGP). Oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates are glycerophospholipids in which a phosphoglycerol moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized phosphoglycerophosphates belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphoglycerophosphates can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. PGP(LTE4/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene E4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized PGPs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized PGP is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for PGPs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the PGP backbone, mainely through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R))
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one hexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene B4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene B4 at the C-1 position and one chain of hexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S))
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one hexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of hexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R))
CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one hexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of hexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6))
CDP-DG(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/16:1(9Z))
CDP-DG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/16:1(9Z)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)-2OH(5,6)/16:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z-hexadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10))
CDP-DG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9,10-hydroxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))
CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9,10-hydroxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10))
CDP-DG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9,10-hydroxy-octadecenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))
CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:1(12Z)-2OH(9,10)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9,10-hydroxy-octadecenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(a-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15))
CDP-DG(a-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(a-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 12-methyltetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Lipoxin A5 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/a-15:0)
CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/a-15:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/a-15:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Lipoxin A5 at the C-1 position and one chain of 12-methyltetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(a-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5))
CDP-DG(a-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(a-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-methylhexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/a-17:0)
CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/a-17:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/a-17:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-methylhexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15))
CDP-DG(i-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-15:0/20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-methyltetradecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Lipoxin A5 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/i-15:0)
CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/i-15:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:5(7Z,9Z,11E,13E,17Z)-3OH(5,6,15)/i-15:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Lipoxin A5 at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-methyltetradecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R))
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of Leukotriene B4 at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/i-16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/i-16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-2OH(5S,12R)/i-16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one Leukotriene B4 at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S))
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/i-16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/i-16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-2OH(5S,15S)/i-16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5(S),15(S)-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R))
CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/i-16:0)
CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/i-16:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-2OH(5S,6R)/i-16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 14-methylpentadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5))
CDP-DG(i-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-17:0/20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 15-methylhexadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/i-17:0)
CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/i-17:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(20:3(6,8,11)-OH(5)/i-17:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 5-hydroxyeicosatetrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 15-methylhexadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9))
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/i-19:0)
CDP-DG(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/i-19:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:2(10E,12Z)+=O(9)/i-19:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13))
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/i-19:0)
CDP-DG(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/i-19:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:2(9Z,11E)+=O(13)/i-19:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-oxo-octadecadienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9))
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/i-19:0)
CDP-DG(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/i-19:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:3(10,12,15)-OH(9)/i-19:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13))
CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(i-19:0/18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)), in particular, consists of one chain of one 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
CDP-DG(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/i-19:0)
CDP-DG(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/i-19:0) is an oxidized CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). Oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols are glycerophospholipids in which a cytidine diphosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site and at least one of the fatty acyl chains has undergone oxidation. As all oxidized lipids, oxidized CDP-diacylglycerols belong to a group of biomolecules that have a role as signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of oxidized lipids is mediated by several enzymatic families, including cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450s (CYP). Non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation through free radicals and are considered harmful to human health (PMID: 33329396). As is the case with diacylglycerols, CDP-diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths, saturation and degrees of oxidation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. CDP-DG(18:3(9,11,15)-OH(13)/i-19:0), in particular, consists of one chain of one 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoyl at the C-1 position and one chain of 17-methyloctadecanoyl at the C-2 position. Phospholipids are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. Similarly to what occurs with phospholipids, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within oxidized phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. Oxidized CDP-DGs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, the oxidized CDP-DG is synthetized de novo following the same mechanisms as for CDP-DGs but incorporating oxidized acyl chains (PMID: 33329396). An alternative is the transacylation of one of the non-oxidized acyl chains with an oxidized acylCoA (PMID: 33329396). The third pathway results from the oxidation of the acyl chain while still attached to the CDP-DG backbone, mainly through the action of LOX (PMID: 33329396).
Tomatine
Tomatine is a steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose. It has a role as an immunological adjuvant, a phytotoxin and an antifungal agent. It is a steroid alkaloid, a tetrasaccharide derivative, an alkaloid antibiotic, a glycoside and a glycoalkaloid. It is functionally related to a tomatidine. Lycopersicin is a natural product found in Solanum acaule, Solanum lycopersicoides, and other organisms with data available. An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed) A steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1]. Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1].