Classification Term: 169366
N-arylamides (ontology term: 89c23709ea6567a2086ada965c09ba80)
found 12 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Organonitrogen compounds
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Acebutolol
C18H28N2O4 (336.20489680000003)
Acebutolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action. [PubChem]Acebutolol is a selective β1-receptor antagonist. Activation of β1-receptors by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and the heart consumes more oxygen. Acebutolol blocks these receptors, lowering the heart rate and blood pressure. This drug then has the reverse effect of epinephrine. In addition, beta blockers prevent the release of renin, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys which leads to constriction of blood vessels. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2281
Acetazolamide
One of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3011
Leflunomide
Leflunomide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor belonging to the DMARD (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) class of drugs, which are chemically and pharmacologically very heterogeneous. Leflunomide was approved by FDA and in many other countries (e.g., Canada, Europe) in 1999. Leflunomide is a prodrug that is rapidly and almost completely metabolized following oral administration to its pharmacologically active metabolite, A77 1726. This metabolite is responsible for essentially all of the drugs activity in-vivo. The mechanism of action of leflunomide has not been fully determined, but appears to primarily involve regulation of autoimmune lymphocytes. It has been suggested that leflunomide exerts its immunomodulating effects by preventing the expansion of activated autoimmune lymphocytes via interferences with cell cycle progression. In-vitro data indicates that leflunomide interferes with cell cycle progression by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (a mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotide uridine monophosphate (rUMP) synthesis) and has antiproliferative activity. Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase consists of 2 domains: an α/β-barrel domain containing the active site and an α-helical domain that forms a tunnel leading to the active site. A77 1726 binds to the hydrophobic tunnel at a site near the flavin mononucleotide. Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by A77 1726 prevents production of rUMP by the de novo pathway; such inhibition leads to decreased rUMP levels, decreased DNA and RNA synthesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and G1 cell cycle arrest. It is through this action that leflunomide inhibits autoimmune T-cell proliferation and production of autoantibodies by B cells. Since salvage pathways are expected to sustain cells arrested in the G1 phase, the activity of leflunomide is cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. Other effects that result from reduced rUMP levels include interference with adhesion of activated lymphocytes to the synovial vascular endothelial cells, and increased synthesis of immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Leflunomide is also a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tyrosine kinases activate signalling pathways leading to DNA repair, apoptosis and cell proliferation. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases can help to treating cancer by preventing repair of tumor cells. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4503; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4501 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4522; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4520 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4423; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4422 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4521; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4518 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4497; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4495 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4517; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4514 L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AA - Selective immunosuppressants C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C1971 - Angiogenesis Activator Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2169 - Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Prinomide
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic
5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil
5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil participates in Caffeine metabolism. 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil is converted from paraxanthine via arylamine N-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.5] [HMDB] 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil participates in Caffeine metabolism. 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil is converted from paraxanthine via arylamine N-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.5].
5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil
5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) is one of caffeine major metabolites. Analysis of caffeine and its metabolites is of interest with respect to caffeine exposure, for kinetic and metabolism studies and for opportunistic in vivo estimation of drug metabolizing enzyme activity in humans and animals. Urinary caffeine metabolite ratios are used in humans to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), xanthine oxidase and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), which are involved in the activation or detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds, including carcinogens. Investigating the activity of these enzymes is of clinical relevance for assessing intra- and inter-individual differences in NAT2- and CYP1A2-mediated drug metabolism, and for evaluating the risk of developing specific exposure-related diseases. (PMID: 3506820, 15685651, 12534641) [HMDB] 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) is one of caffeine major metabolites. Analysis of caffeine and its metabolites is of interest with respect to caffeine exposure, for kinetic and metabolism studies and for opportunistic in vivo estimation of drug metabolizing enzyme activity in humans and animals. Urinary caffeine metabolite ratios are used in humans to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), xanthine oxidase and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), which are involved in the activation or detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds, including carcinogens. Investigating the activity of these enzymes is of clinical relevance for assessing intra- and inter-individual differences in NAT2- and CYP1A2-mediated drug metabolism, and for evaluating the risk of developing specific exposure-related diseases. (PMID: 3506820, 15685651, 12534641).
leflunomide
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AA - Selective immunosuppressants C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C1971 - Angiogenesis Activator Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2169 - Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
acebutolol
C18H28N2O4 (336.20489680000003)
C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
acetazolamide
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EC - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D002257 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29577 - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2118; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2116 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2116; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2114 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2122; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2121 INTERNAL_ID 366; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2122; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2121 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2104 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2172; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2170 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2116; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2112 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4436; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4434 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4453; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4450 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4473; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4469 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4469; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4466 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4488; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4483 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 366; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4487; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4484
Prinomide
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic