Classification Term: 167921
核苷 (ontology term: bc9dc3945c5c652d94f4b54dfaa129e6)
found 9 associated metabolites at class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: 核苷、核苷酸和类似物
Child Taxonomies: 尿苷, 腺苷, 鸟嘌呤, 鸟苷酸, 尿苷磷酸, 肌苷, 次黄嘌呤, 二磷酸肌甘, 胞苷磷酸, 胞嘧啶, 胸苷磷酸, 腺苷磷酸, 鸟苷, 嘧啶, 玉米素, 胸腺嘧啶, 尿嘧啶, 胞啶, 胸苷, 黄嘌呤核苷, 腺嘌呤, 核糖核苷酸, 硫醇核苷酸类, 胍衍生物, 胞苷, 嘌呤核苷酸
Dihydroorotic acid
4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].
Thymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid
5-Thymidylic acid (conjugate base thymidylate), also known as thymidine monophosphate (TMP), deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), or deoxythymidylic acid (conjugate base deoxythymidylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in DNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine. dTMP consists of a phosphate group, the pentose sugar deoxyribose, and the nucleobase thymine. Unlike the other deoxyribonucleotides, thymidine monophosphate often does not contain the "deoxy" prefix in its name; nevertheless, its symbol often includes a "d" ("dTMP"). 5-Thymidylic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. The neutral species of 5-Thymidylic acid (2-deoxythymidine 5-monophosphate). 5-Thymidylic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 5-thymidylic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5-thymidylic acid and dihydrofolic acid can be biosynthesized from dUMP and 5,10-methylene-THF by the enzyme thymidylate synthase. In addition, 5-thymidylic acid can be converted into dTDP; which is catalyzed by the enzyme thymidylate synthase. In humans, 5-thymidylic acid is involved in pyrimidine metabolism. Outside of the human body, 5-Thymidylic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common buckwheats, corn salad, garden cress, squashberries, and star fruits. 5-thymidylic acid, also known as thymidylate or thymidine 5-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. 5-thymidylic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-thymidylic acid can be found in a number of food items such as burbot, enokitake, scarlet bean, and garland chrysanthemum, which makes 5-thymidylic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 5-thymidylic acid can be found primarily in feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. 5-thymidylic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 5-thymidylic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. 5-thymidylic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
N-Acetyl-beta-alanine
N-Acetyl-beta-alanine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom. N-Acetyl-beta-alanine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). KEIO_ID A138 Ac-β-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-β-alanine), an abnormal amino acid metabolite, is a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligand[1].
N4-Acetylcytidine
N4-Acetylcytidine is a modified nucleoside. N4-acetylcytidine is an endogenous urinary nucleoside product of the degradation of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA); urinary nucleosides are biological markers for patients with colorectal cancer. tRNA has been shown to be excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of cancer patients. tRNA from neoplastic tissue had a much more rapid turnover rate than the tRNA from the corresponding normal tissue. Evidence indicates that methylation of tRNA occurs only after synthesis of the intact macromolecule. Because there are no specific enzyme systems to incorporate the modified nucleosides into the macromolecular nucleic acid, these nucleosides once released in the process of tRNA turnover cannot be reutilized, nor are they further degraded, but are excreted in urine. (PMID: 15991285, 3506820) [HMDB] N4-Acetylcytidine is a modified nucleoside. N4-acetylcytidine is an endogenous urinary nucleoside product of the degradation of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA); urinary nucleosides are biological markers for patients with colorectal cancer. tRNA has been shown to be excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of cancer patients. tRNA from neoplastic tissue had a much more rapid turnover rate than the tRNA from the corresponding normal tissue. Evidence indicates that methylation of tRNA occurs only after synthesis of the intact macromolecule. Because there are no specific enzyme systems to incorporate the modified nucleosides into the macromolecular nucleic acid, these nucleosides once released in the process of tRNA turnover cannot be reutilized, nor are they further degraded, but are excreted in urine. (PMID: 15991285, 3506820). N4-Acetylcytidine is an endogenous metabolite. N4-Acetylcytidine is an endogenous metabolite.
N6-succinyladenosine
Succinyladenosine (SAdo) is one of the dephosphorylated enzyme substrate that accumulates in body fluids of patients with adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency, the other being 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside (SAICAr). ADSL is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by various degrees of psychomotor retardation (PMID 15902552). The severity of the clinical presentation correlates with a low S-Ado/SAICAr ratio in body fluids (PMID: 15571235). Normally Succinyladenosine is not found in blood or CSF but may be detected in trace amounts in urine (OMIM 103050). Succinyladenosine is also found to be associated with fumarase deficiency, another inborn error of metabolism. Succinyladenosine (SAdo) is one of the dephosphorylated enzyme substrate that accumulates in body fluids of patients with adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency, the other being 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside (SAICAr). ADSL is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by various degrees of psychomotor retardation. (PMID 15902552)
N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine
N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds composed of a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, N6-carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It can also be found in the extracellular space. N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is a minor constituent found in human and bovine milk (PMID: 7702711). Minor constituant found in human, bovine, and goat milk
2'-O-Methyluridine
2-O-Methyluridine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. 2-O-Methyluridine was identified as one of forty plasma metabolites that could be used to predict gut microbiome Shannon diversity (PMID: 31477923). Shannon diversity is a metric that summarizes both species abundance and evenness, and it has been suggested as a marker for microbiome health.
2'-O-Methylcytidine
2'-O-Methylcytidine is a 2'-substituted nucleoside as a inhibitor of HCV replication. 2'-O-Methylcytidine inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B)-catalyzed RNA synthesis in vitro, in a manner that is competitive with substrate nucleoside triphosphate[1].
Guanosine 5’-phosphate
Guanosine monophosphate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=85-32-5 (retrieved 2024-06-26) (CAS RN: 85-32-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.
