Ajmaline (BioDeep_00000395750)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000001881, BioDeep_00000410466, BioDeep_00000858932, BioDeep_00000904560

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


Ajmalan-17,21-diol, (17R,21alpha)-, compound with methanol (1:1)

化学式: C20H26N2O2 (326.1994176)
中文名称: 阿吗灵, 西萝芙木碱, 阿义马林, 阿马灵, 阿义吗啉
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 0.1%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCC(C(O)1)C([H])(C2)C([H])(C(O)4)C([H])(C3)N1C([H])2C([H])(N(C)5)C(c(c6)c(ccc6)5)34
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H26N2O2/c1-3-10-11-8-14-17-20(12-6-4-5-7-13(12)21(17)2)9-15(16(11)18(20)23)22(14)19(10)24/h4-7,10-11,14-19,23-24H,3,8-9H2,1-2H3

描述信息

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups.
Annotation level-1
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.572
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.566
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.567
Ajmaline is a natural product found in Rauvolfia yunnanensis, Rauvolfia balansae, and other organisms with data available.
An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class 1-A antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Ajmaline (Cardiorythmine) is a sodium channel blocking, class 1A anti-arrhythmic agent. Ajmaline blocks HERG currents with an IC50 of 1 μM in HEK cells and 42.3 μM in Xenopus oocytes. Ajmaline can be used for the research of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia[1][2].
Ajmaline (Cardiorythmine) is a sodium channel blocking, class 1A anti-arrhythmic agent. Ajmaline blocks HERG currents with an IC50 of 1 μM in HEK cells and 42.3 μM in Xenopus oocytes. Ajmaline can be used for the research of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia[1][2].

同义名列表

38 个代谢物同义名

Ajmaline; NCGC00179061-05_C20H26N2O2_Ajmalan-17,21-diol; Ajmalan-17,21-diol, (17R,21alpha)-, compound with methanol (1:1); (15alpha,17R,21alpha)-Ajmalan-17,21-diol; Ajmalan-17,21-diol, (17R,21-alpha)-; (17R,21-alpha)-Ajmalan-17,21-diol; (17R,21alpha)-Ajmalan-17,21-diol; Ajmalan-17,21-diol, (17R,21a)-; (17r,21r)-ajmalan-17,21-diol; Ajmaline Hydrochloride; Ajmalan-17,21-diol; AJMALINE [WHO-DD]; AJMALINE [MART.]; UNII-1PON08459R; Cardiorythmine; Ajmaline [JAN]; AJMALINE [MI]; (+)-Ajmaline; Gilurytmal; 1PON08459R; Gilurtymal; Raugalline; Rauwolfine; Tachmalin; Rauwolfin; Merabitol; AI3-62668; Rhytmaton; Siddiqui; Aritmina; Rauverid; Rytmalin; Ajmalin; Takycor; Serenol; Wolfina; Ignazin; Ritmos



数据库引用编号

42 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

2 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Enzo Lezin, Inês Carqueijeiro, Clément Cuello, Mickael Durand, Hans J Jansen, Valentin Vergès, Caroline Birer Williams, Audrey Oudin, Thomas Dugé de Bernonville, Julien Petrignet, Noémie Celton, Benoit St-Pierre, Nicolas Papon, Chao Sun, Ron P Dirks, Sarah Ellen O'Connor, Michael Krogh Jensen, Sébastien Besseau, Vincent Courdavault. A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Rauvolfia tetraphylla facilitates identification of the complete ajmaline biosynthetic pathway. Plant communications. 2024 Apr; 5(4):100784. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100784. [PMID: 38155576]
  • Jun Guo, Di Gao, Jiazhang Lian, Yang Qu. De novo biosynthesis of antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline. Nature communications. 2024 Jan; 15(1):457. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-44797-z. [PMID: 38212296]
  • Michelle M Monasky, Emanuele Micaglio, Giuseppe Ciconte, Ilaria Rivolta, Valeria Borrelli, Andrea Ghiroldi, Sara D'Imperio, Anna Binda, Dario Melgari, Sara Benedetti, Predrag Mitrovic, Luigi Anastasia, Valerio Mecarocci, Žarko Ćalović, Giorgio Casari, Carlo Pappone. Novel SCN5A p.Val1667Asp Missense Variant Segregation and Characterization in a Family with Severe Brugada Syndrome and Multiple Sudden Deaths. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Apr; 22(9):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094700. [PMID: 33946750]
  • Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Bushra Mdkhana, Saba Al Heialy, Elaref Ratemi, Malak Alghamdi, Salah Abusnana, Tarek Kashour, Qutayba Hamid, Rabih Halwani. Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Archives of toxicology. 2020 12; 94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. [PMID: 32808185]
  • Xinye Li, Hongcai Shang, Yanwei Xing. New risk stratification on SCN5A mutation in Brugada syndrome. International journal of cardiology. 2018 11; 271(?):123. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.122. [PMID: 30223345]
  • Thomas J Flynn, Sanah N Vohra. Simultaneous determination of intestinal permeability and potential drug interactions of complex mixtures using Caco-2 cells and high-resolution mass spectrometry: Studies with Rauwolfia serpentina extract. Chemico-biological interactions. 2018 Jun; 290(?):37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.006. [PMID: 29782822]
  • Thitima Rukachaisirikul, Suwadee Chokchaisiri, Parichat Suebsakwong, Apichart Suksamrarn, Chainarong Tocharus. A New Ajmaline-type Alkaloid from the Roots of Rauvolfia serpentina. Natural product communications. 2017 Apr; 12(4):495-498. doi: . [PMID: 30520580]
  • Paulo Cázares-Flores, Dylan Levac, Vincenzo De Luca. Rauvolfia serpentina N-methyltransferases involved in ajmaline and Nβ -methylajmaline biosynthesis belong to a gene family derived from γ-tocopherol C-methyltransferase. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2016 08; 87(4):335-42. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13186. [PMID: 27122470]
  • Fangrui Wu, Petra Kerčmar, Chenggui Zhang, Joachim Stöckigt. Sarpagan-Ajmalan-Type Indoles: Biosynthesis, Structural Biology, and Chemo-Enzymatic Significance. The Alkaloids. Chemistry and biology. 2016; 76(?):1-61. doi: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2015.10.001. [PMID: 26827882]
  • Ojas A Namjoshi, James M Cook. Sarpagine and Related Alkaloids. The Alkaloids. Chemistry and biology. 2016; 76(?):63-169. doi: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2015.08.002. [PMID: 26827883]
  • Siew-Huah Lim, Yun-Yee Low, Saravana Kumar Sinniah, Kien-Thai Yong, Kae-Shin Sim, Toh-Seok Kam. Macroline, akuammiline, sarpagine, and ajmaline alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry. 2014 Feb; 98(?):204-15. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.014. [PMID: 24342109]
  • Liang Guo, Luke Coyle, Rory M C Abrams, Raymond Kemper, Eric T Chiao, Kyle L Kolaja. Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2013 Dec; 136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. [PMID: 24052561]
  • Greg Mellor, Ian Fellows, Ian Williams. 'Intrahepatic cholestatic hepatitis following diagnostic ajmaline challenge'. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2013 Mar; 15(3):314. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus206. [PMID: 22804909]
  • Eugenia Gallo, Elisa Giocaliere, Silvia Benemei, Anna Rita Bilia, Anastasia Karioti, Alessandra Pugi, Marina di Pirro, Francesca Menniti-Ippolito, Giuseppe Pieraccini, Luigi Gori, Alessandro Mugelli, Fabio Firenzuoli, Alfredo Vannacci. Anything to declare? Possible risks for patients' health resulting from undeclared plants in herbal supplements. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Mar; 73(3):482-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04115.x. [PMID: 21988365]
  • Rolf W Sparidans, Pim Langendijk, Eric Boers, Erik van Kan, Hanno L Tan, Jos H Beijnen. Liquid chromatographic assay with fluorescence detection to determine ajmaline in serum from patients with suspected Brugada syndrome. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2010 Aug; 878(23):2168-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.06.017. [PMID: 20620121]
  • M K Goel, S Mehrotra, A K Kukreja, K Shanker, S P S Khanuja. In vitro propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina using liquid medium, assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants, and simultaneous quantitation of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2009; 547(?):17-33. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-287-2_2. [PMID: 19521832]
  • Mikhail V Sogonov, Lisa A Castlebury, Amy Y Rossman, James F White. The type species of Apiognomonia, A. veneta, with its Discula anamorph is distinct from A. errabunda. Mycological research. 2007 Jun; 111(Pt 6):693-709. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.013. [PMID: 17604146]
  • Xueyan Ma, Juergen Koepke, Santosh Panjikar, Günter Fritzsch, Joachim Stöckigt. Crystal structure of vinorine synthase, the first representative of the BAHD superfamily. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2005 Apr; 280(14):13576-83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m414508200. [PMID: 15665331]
  • Claudia Kiesecker, Edgar Zitron, Sonja Lück, Ramona Bloehs, Eberhard P Scholz, Sven Kathöfer, Dierk Thomas, Volker A W Kreye, Hugo A Katus, Wolfgang Schoels, Christoph A Karle, Johann Kiehn. Class Ia anti-arrhythmic drug ajmaline blocks HERG potassium channels: mode of action. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2004 Dec; 370(6):423-35. doi: 10.1007/s00210-004-0976-8. [PMID: 15599706]
  • Irina Gerasimenko, Xueyan Ma, Yuri Sheludko, Reinhard Mentele, Friedrich Lottspeich, Joachim Stöckigt. Purification and partial amino acid sequences of the enzyme vinorine synthase involved in a crucial step of ajmaline biosynthesis. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2004 May; 12(10):2781-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.028. [PMID: 15110859]
  • Christiane Hinse, Christian Richter, Alessandro Provenzani, Joachim Stöckigt. In vivo monitoring of alkaloid metabolism in hybrid plant cell cultures by 2D cryo-NMR without labelling. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2003 Sep; 11(18):3913-9. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00430-9. [PMID: 12927851]
  • C G Sudha, B Obul Reddy, G A Ravishankar, S Seeni. Production of ajmalicine and ajmaline in hairy root cultures of Rauvolfia micrantha Hook f., a rare and endemic medicinal plant. Biotechnology letters. 2003 Apr; 25(8):631-6. doi: 10.1023/a:1023012114628. [PMID: 12882157]
  • Y Hashimoto, T Aiba, M Yasuhara, R Hori. Effect of experimental renal dysfunction on bioavailability of ajmaline in rats. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2001 Jun; 53(6):805-13. doi: 10.1211/0022357011776153. [PMID: 11428656]
  • T Wang, Q Xu, P Yu, X Liu, J M Cook. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of alkaloid G via the oxy-anion Cope rearrangement and improved total synthesis of (+)-ajmaline. Organic letters. 2001 Feb; 3(3):345-8. doi: 10.1021/ol000331g. [PMID: 11428010]
  • M Lounasmaa, P Hanhinen. The ajmaline group of indole alkaloids. The Alkaloids. Chemistry and biology. 2001; 55(?):1-87. doi: 10.1016/s0099-9598(01)55002-6. [PMID: 11704984]
  • R Oertel, K Richter, W Kirch. Sensitive method for the determination of the antiarrhythmic drug detajmium in serum by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Journal of chromatography. A. 1999 Jun; 846(1-2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00185-5. [PMID: 10420613]
  • M Fahim, M S Khan, H A Hameed. Effect of Ajmaloon on the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex in anaesthetized rabbits and monkeys. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 1995 Apr; 39(2):101-5. doi: ". [PMID: 7649595]
  • R Padrini, D Piovan, A Javarnaro, F Cucchini, M Ferrari. Pharmacokinetics and electrophysiological effects of intravenous ajmaline. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1993 Nov; 25(5):408-14. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199325050-00006. [PMID: 8287634]
  • R Padrini, D Piovan, E Gaglione, R Zordan, M Ferrari. Determination of lorajmine and its metabolite ajmaline in plasma and urine by a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 1992 Oct; 14(5):391-6. doi: 10.1097/00007691-199210000-00009. [PMID: 1448847]
  • C Köppel, A Wagemann, G R Hansen, C Müller. Monitoring of ajmaline in plasma with high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography. 1992 Mar; 575(1):87-91. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80507-m. [PMID: 1517305]
  • R Padrini, L Compostella, D Piovan, A Javarnaro, F Cucchini, M Ferrari. Ajmaline test in a patient with chronic renal failure. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1991 Aug; 21(2):150-4. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199121020-00005. [PMID: 1884568]
  • S Revelli, H Berra, J Valenti, H Moreno, M Bernasconi, H Poli, J Morini. [Effect of reinfection on the development of rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi]. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. 1990 Jul; 32(4):260-8. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46651990000400005. [PMID: 2129292]
  • C Köppel, J Tenczer, I Arndt. Metabolic disposition of ajmaline. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 1989 Oct; 14(4):309-16. doi: 10.1007/bf03190117. [PMID: 2633926]
  • C Köppel, A Wagemann, F Martens. Pharmacokinetics and antiarrhythmic efficacy of intravenous ajmaline in ventricular arrhythmia of acute onset. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 1989 Apr; 14(2):161-7. doi: 10.1007/bf03190857. [PMID: 2591421]
  • Y Hashimoto, M Yasuhara, A Kamiya, K Okumura, R Hori. Pharmacokinetics and dromotropic activity of ajmaline in rats with hyperthyroidism. British journal of pharmacology. 1989 Jan; 96(1):163-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11796.x. [PMID: 2924068]
  • K Okumura, Y Hashimoto, M Yasuhara, R Hori. Regional myocardial ajmaline concentration and antiarrhythmic activity for ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats. British journal of pharmacology. 1988 Apr; 93(4):827-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11468.x. [PMID: 3390652]
  • R Lenzen, H Gottesbüren, F Borchard, M Wienbeck, G Strohmeyer. [Intrahepatic cholestasis and aplastic anemia following administration of prajmaline]. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1988 Mar; 66(6):264-70. doi: 10.1007/bf01748169. [PMID: 2452916]
  • E Nováková. [Detection of prajmalium bitartrate (Neo-Gilurytmal) in urine with thin layer chromatography]. Die Pharmazie. 1987 Aug; 42(8):550-1. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3432338]
  • H Arens, B Deus-Neumann, M H Zenk. Radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of ajmaline. Planta medica. 1987 Apr; 53(2):179-83. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-962667. [PMID: 3602144]
  • R Padrini, D Piovan, R Moretto. Column liquid chromatographic determination of prajmalium in plasma and urine by direct sample injection. Journal of chromatography. 1987 Mar; 415(1):183-7. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83208-9. [PMID: 3584355]
  • M Yasuhara, Y Hashimoto, K Okumura, R Hori, T Sakurai, C Kawai. Kinetics of ajmaline disposition and pharmacologic response in beagle dogs. Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics. 1987 Feb; 15(1):39-55. doi: 10.1007/bf01062938. [PMID: 3625478]
  • R Elfner, G Achtert, H J Hausleiter, A Lentz, D L Heene. Pharmacokinetics of n-propyl-ajmaline-bitartrate in elderly patients with ventricular ectopic activity. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 1987 Jan; 12(1):77-82. doi: 10.1007/bf03189865. [PMID: 3609075]
  • R Elfner, W Kollmeier, A Lentz, G Achtert, I Engels, D L Heene, H J Hausleiter, E Westphal. [Dose-effect relation of N-prajmalium bitartrate with control of plasma levels]. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie. 1986 Jul; 75(7):402-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 2429467]
  • K Yamada, A Yatsuzuka, M Yasuhara, K Okumura, R Hori, T Sakurai, C Kawai. Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interaction between ajmaline and quinidine in rats. Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics. 1986 Apr; 9(4):347-51. doi: 10.1248/bpb1978.9.347. [PMID: 3735057]
  • M Godin, B Moulin, D Sery, J P Fillastre. [Acute renal insufficiency and ajmaline]. Annales de medecine interne. 1986; 137(2):167. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3717822]
  • C Zekorn, G Achtert, H J Hausleiter, C H Moon, M Eichelbaum. Pharmacokinetics of N-propylajmaline in relation to polymorphic sparteine oxidation. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1985 Nov; 63(22):1180-6. doi: 10.1007/bf01740595. [PMID: 4079282]
  • J C Homberg, N Abuaf, S Helmy-Khalil, M Biour, R Poupon, S Islam, F Darnis, V G Levy, P Opolon, M Beaugrand. Drug-induced hepatitis associated with anticytoplasmic organelle autoantibodies. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 1985 Sep; 5(5):722-7. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840050504. [PMID: 4029887]
  • Y Nakahara, Y Nakahara, E Matsuyama. A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: conduction through the Kent bundle seems to depend on the serum potassium level. Clinical cardiology. 1985 Sep; 8(9):494-8. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960080908. [PMID: 4042452]
  • G Montalescot, Y Levy, D Farge, L Brochard, B Fantin, C Arnoux, P Y Hatt. Lithium causing a serious sinus-node dysfunction at therapeutic doses. Clinical cardiology. 1984 Nov; 7(11):617-20. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960071113. [PMID: 6437719]
  • R Hori, K Okumura, K Inui, M Yasuhara, K Yamada, T Sakurai, C Kawai. Quinidine-induced rise in ajmaline plasma concentration. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1984 Mar; 36(3):202-4. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb06942.x. [PMID: 6144760]
  • G P Ul'ianov. [Effect of ajmaline on kidney function]. Farmakologiia i toksikologiia. 1983 Sep; 46(5):52-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6628661]
  • Y Bouffard, H Roux, D Perrot, R Ducluzeau, Y Page, J J Lehot, P Bouletreau, J Motin. [Acute ajmaline poisoning. Study of 7 cases]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux. 1983 Jul; 76(7):771-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6412646]
  • D Gosset, J Manouvrier, M Dracon, G Lelievre, A Tacquet. [Acute renal failure caused by ajmaline-butobarbital]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 1983 Jun; 12(27):1730. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6136033]
  • B Monges, G Monges, J Salducci. [Ajmaline-induced hepatitis. A case report with ultrastructural study]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique. 1983 May; 7(5):540-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6873568]
  • B Habibi, J P Blériot, D Pinsard, Y Bretagne, A Guérin, J Carlet. [Acute anuric hemolysis caused by antiajmaline antibodies]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 1983 Feb; 12(8):513-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6219361]
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  • B Schwartzkopff, G Schilling, H Simon. Comparison of tocainide and prajmalium bitartrate for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1983; 33(1):153-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6403021]
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  • P Brodelius, B Deus, K Mosbach, M H Zenk. Immobilized plant cells for the production and transformation of natural products. FEBS letters. 1979 Jul; 103(1):93-7. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81257-0. [PMID: 467661]
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  • H F Brettel, K Schmidt, U Koch. [On a case of a repidly proceeding lethal intoxication due to n-propylajmalium bitartrate (author's transl]. Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin. Journal of legal medicine. 1978 Dec; 82(3):231-6. doi: 10.1007/bf02092340. [PMID: 742214]
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