Tetramethylpyrazine (BioDeep_00000017216)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000620584, BioDeep_00000861227

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98\\%

化学式: C8H12N2 (136.1000432)
中文名称: 川芎嗪
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Macaca mulatta(otcml) 0.07%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC1=C(C)N=C(C)C(C)=N1
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H12N2/c1-5-6(2)10-8(4)7(3)9-5/h1-4H3

描述信息

Tetramethylpyrazine, or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, or TMP and also known as FEMA 3237, is an alkylpyrazine and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrazines. Pyrazines are compounds containing a pyrazine ring, which is a six-member aromatic heterocycle, that consists of two nitrogen atoms (at positions 1 and 4) and four carbon atoms. Tetramethylpyrazine is a moderately basic compound with white crystals that are soluble in alcohol, fixed oils, propylene glycol and water. Its odor is described as nutty, musty and vanilla with dry, brown cocoa nuances and it taste is described as nutty, musty, cocoa, drying, peanut-like with raw coffee notes. Tetramethylpyrazine has been detected in roasted beef, cheddar cheese, dairy products, red and yellow bell peppers (c. annuum), potato, filberts, boiled egg, coconut endosperm, cocoa products, green tea, tea leaf, soybean products, soybean seed, macadamia nut, peanut, meat, guava fruit, shrimp, rum and whiskey. This could make tetramethylpyrazine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It has been used as a perfuming agent in soaps, detergents, toiletries, fabric softeners, bleach, alcoholic beverages, and fine fragrances. Its biosynthesis in Bacillus involves the amination of acetoin, the latter being derived from pyruvate (doi:10.1038/1951103a0). It exhibits potential nootropic (improved executive function PMID:23916742) and anti-inflammatory activities against induced cerebral ischemic in rats (PMID:23644042).
Tetramethylpyrazine is a member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, a vasodilator agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a bacterial metabolite. It is a member of pyrazines and an alkaloid.
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine is a natural product found in Coffea arabica, Curcuma aromatica, and other organisms with data available.
Tetramethylpyrazine is isolated from galbanum oil. It is found in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products, orange bell pepper and soy products. Used as a fragrance and flavouring ingredient.
A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong)[1], is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats[2][3].
Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong)[1], is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats[2][3].

同义名列表

42 个代谢物同义名

2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98\\%; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, analytical standard; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, natural, >=98\\%, FG; InChI=1/C8H12N2/c1-5-6(2)10-8(4)7(3)9-5/h1-4H3; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, >=98\\%, FG; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (natural); 2,3,5,6-TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE [FHFI]; tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, 98\\%; 2,3,5,6-TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE [FCC]; 2,3,5,6,-Tetramethyl-1,4-pyrazine; Pyrazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-; Pyrazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-pyrazine; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl pyrazine; 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine; FINHMKGKINIASC-UHFFFAOYSA-; 2,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine; 2356-Tetramethyl-pyrazine; 2356-Tetramethylpyrazine; Pyrazine, tetramethyl-; LIGUSTRAZINE [WHO-DD]; tetramethyl pyrazine; Tetramethylpyrazine; Tetramethylpyrazin; UNII-V80F4IA5XG; chuanxiongzine; chuanxingzine; FEMA no. 3237; CHUANXIONGQIN; Tetrapyrazine; Tox21_302313; ligustrazine; Liqustrazine; Ligustizine; Ligustrazin; V80F4IA5XG; FEMA 3237; Bs factor; TMP?; TMPZ; TMP



数据库引用编号

15 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

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BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

1 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

39 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Xiuzhi Chen, Bin Zou, Zhen Yang. CircACTR2 attenuated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on human kidney cell injury. Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes. 2024 Jun; 56(3):273-284. doi: 10.1007/s10863-024-10001-6. [PMID: 38427129]
  • Congyan Liu, Wenting Su, Xi Jiang, Yanli Lv, Fei Kong, Qin Chen, Qun Zhang, Huangqin Zhang, Yuping Liu, Xiaoqi Li, Xinrong Xu, Yan Chen, Ding Qu. A Sustainable Retinal Drug Co-Delivery for Boosting Therapeutic Efficacy in wAMD: Unveiling Multifaceted Evidence and Synergistic Mechanisms. Advanced healthcare materials. 2024 Jun; 13(14):e2303659. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202303659. [PMID: 38386849]
  • Bowen Deng, Shengyuan Jiang, Gang Liu, Xiaoye Li, Yi Zhao, Xiao Fan, Jingpei Ren, Chengyun Ning, Lin Xu, Linhong Ji, Xiaohong Mu. Tetramethylpyrazine-loaded electroconductive hydrogels promote tissue repair after spinal cord injury by protecting the blood-spinal cord barrier and neurons. Journal of materials chemistry. B. 2024 May; 12(18):4409-4426. doi: 10.1039/d3tb02160b. [PMID: 38630533]
  • Xiangyu Chen, Tong Yang, Yue Zhou, Zhigang Mei, Wenli Zhang. Astragaloside IV combined with ligustrazine ameliorates abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1 SUMO/deSUMOylation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. 2024 04; 30(4):e14725. doi: 10.1111/cns.14725. [PMID: 38615367]
  • Zhongqiang Zhu, Jun Li, Zhiyong Song, Tonglu Li, Zongping Li, Xuezhong Gong. Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis in contrast-induced nephropathy by inhibiting transferrin receptor and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 2024 03; 138(5):235-249. doi: 10.1042/cs20231184. [PMID: 38357976]
  • Guodong Qi, Shujun Li, Qiong Jiang, Zhijuan Yu, Zhenggang Peng, Qiurui Li, Wei Qi, Mingjun Guo. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for spinal cord injury. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy. 2024 03; 136(?):102386. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102386. [PMID: 38176475]
  • Zixuan Zhang, Lei Luo, Xueling Li, Yifei Zhong. The effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine injection combined with ACEI/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2024 Feb; 103(8):e35853. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000035853. [PMID: 38394516]
  • Bowen Deng, Shengyuan Jiang, Gang Liu, Xiaoye Li, Huizhong Bai, Luyao Huo, Jie Xu, Lin Xu, Xiaohong Mu. [Experimental study of tetramethylpyrazine-loaded electroconductive hydrogel on angiogenesis and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery. 2024 Feb; 38(2):189-197. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202311009. [PMID: 38385232]
  • Fan Feng, Ding-Qiao Xu, Shi-Jun Yue, Yan-Yan Chen, Yu-Ping Tang. Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review. Molecular biology reports. 2024 Jan; 51(1):159. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-09068-y. [PMID: 38252346]
  • Meng-Qi Shu, Yao-Yao Dai, Li-Juan Song, Dong Ma, Ke-Xin Liu, Zhu-Yue Miao, Ru-Heng Wei, Jin-Zhu Yin, Cun-Gen Ma, Jian-Jun Huang. [Tetramethylpyrazine regulates angiogenesis of endothelial cells in cerebral ischemic stroke injury via SIRT1/VEGFA signaling pathway]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2024 Jan; 49(1):162-174. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231116.303. [PMID: 38403349]
  • Yan Ma, Qian Cui, Wenjing Zhu, Mei Wang, Li Zhai, Wenmin Hu, Dongdong Liu, Min Liu, Yongchun Li, Meng Li, Wei Han. A Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Chalcone Hybrid- HCTMPPK, as a Potential Anti-Lung Cancer Agent by Downregulating MELK. Drug design, development and therapy. 2024; 18(?):1531-1546. doi: 10.2147/dddt.s449139. [PMID: 38737331]
  • Yanli Zhang, Hui Liu, Zongxin Chen, Jialei Meng, Yunfeng Li, Luyao Qi, Suiliang Zhang, Xiaofeng Chen, Ming Lei. A drug-drug cocrystal and a co-amorphous form, prepared from honokiol and ligustrazine, inspired by Chinese patent medicine. Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials. 2023 Dec; 79(Pt 6):519-524. doi: 10.1107/s2052520623008648. [PMID: 37966478]
  • Ying Feng, Han Dong, Liyan Zheng. Ligustrazine inhibits inflammatory response of human endometrial stromal cells through the STAT3/IGF2BP1/RELA axis. Pharmaceutical biology. 2023 Dec; 61(1):666-673. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2195883. [PMID: 37095705]
  • Ray-Jade Chen, Ming-Cheng Chen, Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai, Rakesh Roy, Yi-Ru Chang, Tso-Fu Wang, Wei-Wen Kuo, Chia-Hua Kuo, Chun-Hsu Yao, Chi-Cheng Li, Chih-Yang Huang. Ligustrazine improves the compensative effect of Akt survival signaling to protect liver Kupffer cells in trauma-hemorrhagic shock rats. Chemical biology & drug design. 2023 12; 102(6):1399-1408. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14327. [PMID: 37612133]
  • Xia Qian, Yuqing Deng, Na Zhong, Yuxuan Li, Junhua Wang, Jinhua Yan, Wei Liu, Jinglei Ye, Jingchao Liu, Guobei Xiao. Study on the reversal of epileptic drug resistance by tetramethylpyrazine in combination with carbamazepine through modulation of P-Glycoprotein expression in rat brain microvessel endothelial cell. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2023 Nov; 69(11):254-259. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.11.38. [PMID: 38015511]
  • Yi Jia, Haiyan Xiao, Xiaolin Wang, Ying Liu, Jiaxin Wang, Haochen Xie, Hai Shang, Guibo Sun, Yu Tian. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of n-butylphthalide and ligustrazine hybrids as potent neuroprotective agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke in vitro and in vivo. Bioorganic chemistry. 2023 Nov; 142(?):106961. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106961. [PMID: 37956636]
  • Di Chu, Junjun Chen, Xingmei Liu, Anqi Liao, Xiaohuan Song, Yutong Li, Leilei Yang, Zheng Chen, Zhuo Yu, Jianfeng Guo. A tetramethylpyrazine-loaded hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel modulates macrophage polarization for promoting wound recovery in diabetic mice. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2023 Aug; 245(?):125495. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125495. [PMID: 37353128]
  • Dan Yang, Gang Wang, Li-Jun Yang, Ren-Ze Duan, Xian-Bing Chen. [Effect of ligustrazine on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats by regulating autophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics. 2023 Jul; 25(7):751-758. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2302026. [PMID: 37529959]
  • Xue-Shan Dai, Qing-Hua Wei, Xin Guo, Yi Ding, Xiao-Qian Yang, Yu-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yu Xu, Cong Li, Yi Chen. Ferulic acid, ligustrazine, and tetrahydropalmatine display the anti-proliferative effect in endometriosis through regulating Notch pathway. Life sciences. 2023 Jul; 328(?):121921. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121921. [PMID: 37429417]
  • Shu-Jun Li, Guo-Dong Qi, Wei Qi, Zhu-Xin Yang, Zhi-Juan Yu, Qiong Jiang. [Neuroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on mice after spinal cord injury]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2023 Jul; 48(14):3848-3854. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230215.401. [PMID: 37475076]
  • Ping Li, Han Ju, Ying Zhang, Jazmin Galvan Achi, Dongwei Kang, Jinmi Zou, Ruikun Du, Qinghua Cui, Xinyong Liu, Lijun Rong, Peng Zhan. Discovery of ligustrazine and chalcone derivatives as novel viral nucleoprotein nuclear export inhibitors against influenza viruses. Journal of medical virology. 2023 07; 95(7):e28968. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28968. [PMID: 37489704]
  • Shuai Zhang, Yilei Zheng, Hong Du, Wei Zhang, Haohuan Li, Yangping Ou, Funeng Xu, Juchun Lin, Hualin Fu, Xueqing Ni, Li-Jen Chang, Gang Shu. The Pathophysiological Changes and Clinical Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine in ICR Mice with Fluoride-Induced Hepatopathy. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jun; 28(12):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28124849. [PMID: 37375405]
  • Xinqiu Li, Zixiang Lin, Penglong Wang, Chaoyu Zhou, Jiawei Xu, Jiahao Lin, Degui Lin, Di Zhang. Tetramethylpyrazine-Rhein Derivative inhibits the migration of canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma cells by mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis and cadherins downregulation. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2023 Jun; 162(?):114731. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114731. [PMID: 37086510]
  • Gan Li, Kim Sia Sng, Bing Shu, Yong-Jun Wang, Min Yao, Xue-Jun Cui. Effects of tetramethylpyrazine treatment in a rat model of spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of pharmacology. 2023 Apr; 945(?):175524. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175524. [PMID: 36803629]
  • Chun-Kun Yang, Qing-Quan Pan, Kui Ji, Chuan-Chao Luo, Zhuang Tian, Hong-Yuan Zhou, Jun Li. [Protective mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiovascular system]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2023 Mar; 48(6):1446-1454. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221012.402. [PMID: 37005832]
  • Simin Min, Weiting Tao, Yuchen Miao, Yan Li, Tianyu Wu, Xiaoyu He, Yijing Zhang, Bangye Liu, Zixin Meng, Ke Han, Saisai Liu, Li Li, Jie Chen, Shidi Zhao, Junjie Zhang, Xiaonan Zhang. Dual Delivery of Tetramethylpyrazine and miR-194-5p Using Soft Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles for Acute Lung Injury Therapy. International journal of nanomedicine. 2023; 18(?):6469-6486. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s420802. [PMID: 38026537]
  • Chujun Deng, Zeyu Meng, Huize Chen, Shengxi Meng. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates systemic streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer-like pathology. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy. 2023 01; 127(?):102207. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102207. [PMID: 36470527]
  • Yu Chen, Fu Peng, Chao Yang, Huan Hou, Ziwei Xing, Junren Chen, Li Liu, Cheng Peng, Dan Li. SIRT1 activation by 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine alleviates neuroinflammation via inhibiting M1 microglia polarization. Frontiers in immunology. 2023; 14(?):1206513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206513. [PMID: 37600790]
  • Jia Sun, Jing-Ya Zhang, Rong Li, Lin Zheng, Chun-Hua Liu, Ding-Yan Lu, Ting Liu. [Effects and correlation of ligustrazine hydrochloride-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma compatibility on pharmacokinetics and CYP450 enzyme]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2022 Dec; 47(23):6348-6354. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220411.202. [PMID: 36604879]
  • Ting Zhu, Bin-Yu Fang, Xiang-Bao Meng, Shu-Xia Zhang, Hong Wang, Ge Gao, Fei Liu, Yu Wu, Jin Hu, Gui-Bo Sun, Xiao-Bo Sun. Folium Ginkgo extract and tetramethylpyrazine sodium chloride injection (Xingxiong injection) protects against focal cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury via activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pharmaceutical biology. 2022 Dec; 60(1):195-205. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2014895. [PMID: 35060427]
  • Yu Wen, Zuxian Zhang, Zhongmou Cai, Baoning Liu, Zhehao Wu, Yude Liu. Ligustrazine-Loaded Borneol Liposome Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. ACS biomaterials science & engineering. 2022 11; 8(11):4930-4941. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00847. [PMID: 36227861]
  • Litao Li, DingWen Zhang, Wentao Yao, Zongkai Wu, Jinming Cheng, Yingxiao Ji, Lipeng Dong, Congying Zhao, Hebo Wang. Ligustrazine exerts neuroprotective effects via circ_0008146/miR-709/Cx3cr1 axis to inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain research bulletin. 2022 11; 190(?):244-255. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.011. [PMID: 36244580]
  • Zongyang Li, Xiangbao Meng, Guoxu Ma, Wenlan Liu, Weiping Li, Qian Cai, Sicen Wang, Guodong Huang, Yuan Zhang. Increasing brain glucose metabolism by ligustrazine piperazine ameliorates cognitive deficits through PPARγ-dependent enhancement of mitophagy in APP/PS1 mice. Alzheimer's research & therapy. 2022 10; 14(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s13195-022-01092-7. [PMID: 36217155]
  • Zixin Li, Luchen Shan, Pei Yu. Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on nitroglycerin-tolerance in rats by improving oxidative stress and ribosome homeostasis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2022 08; 618(?):141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.013. [PMID: 35724458]
  • Jatinder Dhaliwal, Navneet Dhaliwal, Ansab Akhtar, Anurag Kuhad, Kanwaljit Chopra. Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Neurochemical research. 2022 Aug; 47(8):2431-2444. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x. [PMID: 35665448]
  • Zhenli Liu, Yongjun Wu, Lincheng Zhang, Shuoqiu Tong, Jing Jin, Xian Gong, Jie Zhong. rocF affects the production of tetramethylpyrazine in fermented soybeans with Bacillus subtilis BJ3-2. BMC biotechnology. 2022 07; 22(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12896-022-00748-4. [PMID: 35787694]
  • Yafang Zhang, Linfeng He, Cheng Ma, Cheng Wang, Honglin Zhou, Chaocheng Guo, Lihong Gong, Yan Wan, Cheng Peng, Yunxia Li. Research progress on the pharmacy of tetramethylpyrazine and its pharmacological activity in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2022 Jun; 74(6):843-860. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgac015. [PMID: 35385110]
  • Rundong Jiang, Jiaqi Xu, Yuezhong Zhang, Jiachen Liu, Yutong Wang, Mingliang Chen, Xiang Chen, Mingzhu Yin. Ligustrazine alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibiting TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway in keratinocyte. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2022 Jun; 150(?):113010. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113010. [PMID: 35468584]
  • Jianguo Lin, Qingqing Wang, Simin Zhou, Siyu Xu, Kuiwu Yao. Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2022 Jun; 150(?):113005. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113005. [PMID: 35483189]
  • Beibei Fu, Shuqing Meng, Genshan Gao. A combination of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride and butylphthalide on serum S100B, CRP, Hcy levels and NIHSS score in patients with acute cerebral infarction: A retrospective study. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2022 May; 35(3(Special)):945-951. doi: . [PMID: 35791592]
  • Shenghui Huang, Fengyi Xiao, Sun-Wei Guo, Tingting Zhang. Tetramethylpyrazine Retards the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). 2022 04; 29(4):1170-1187. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00813-x. [PMID: 35099777]
  • Haowen Zhang, Hanyu Chen, Xiang Wu, Tong Sun, Manlu Fan, Huaqin Tong, Yejin Zhu, Zhe Yin, Weixin Sun, Chao Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Xiaohu Chen. Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2022 Feb; 96(?):153860. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153860. [PMID: 34836743]
  • Lili Yang, Zhengjun Li, Yao Chen, Feiyan Chen, Haopeng Sun, Min Zhao, Yanqi Chen, Yali Wang, Wenlin Li, Li Zeng, Yaoyao Bian. Elucidating the Novel Mechanism of Ligustrazine in Preventing Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion Formation. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2022; 2022(?):9226022. doi: 10.1155/2022/9226022. [PMID: 35308169]
  • Yajuan Wang, Huizhi Zhu, Jiabing Tong, Zegeng Li. Ligustrazine Inhibits Lung Phosphodiesterase Activity in a Rat Model of Allergic Asthma. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine. 2022; 2022(?):1452116. doi: 10.1155/2022/1452116. [PMID: 35047052]
  • Yafang Zhang, Cheng Ma, Linfeng He, Li Liao, Chaocheng Guo, Cheng Wang, Lihong Gong, Honglin Zhou, Ke Fu, Cheng Peng, Yunxia Li. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Endothelial Injury and Antithrombosis via Antioxidant and Antiapoptosis in HUVECs and Zebrafish. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2022; 2022(?):2232365. doi: 10.1155/2022/2232365. [PMID: 35898617]
  • SiJin Li, Ping Liu, XiaoTeng Feng, YiRu Wang, Min Du, JiaRou Wang. The role and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for atherosclerosis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2022; 17(5):e0267968. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267968. [PMID: 35500001]
  • Fan Xie, Bingcai Zhang, Shengfeng Dai, Binbin Jin, Te Zhang, Feixia Dong. Efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) and ligustrazine injection in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2021 Dec; 281(?):114346. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114346. [PMID: 34153447]
  • Hong-Yan Du, Rong Wang, Jian-Liang Li, Huang Luo, Xiao-Yan Xie, Ran Yan, Yue-Ling Jian, Jin-Ying Cai. Ligustrazine induces viability, suppresses apoptosis and autophagy of retinal ganglion cells with ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Bioengineered. 2021 12; 12(1):507-515. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1880060. [PMID: 33522374]
  • Bo Chen, Jing An, Yun-Shan Guo, Juan Tang, Jing-Jing Zhao, Rui Zhang, Hao Yang. Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Cell biology international. 2021 Dec; 45(12):2429-2442. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11687. [PMID: 34374467]
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