Indigo (BioDeep_00000170059)

描述信息

Indigo (indigo dye or indigotin) is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. It is an oxindole dimer consisting of two fused oxindole rings. Indoles are compounds which consist of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. Indigo is found in both plants and animals and has been detected in human urine and human tissues (PMID: 11076521; PMID: 8667928). The natural precursor to indigo is indican, a colorless, water-soluble derivative of the amino acid tryptophan. Indican readily hydrolyzes to release β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Oxidation of indoxyl by CYP450 enzymes in the liver or kidneys can convert indoxyl to indigo (PMID: 11076521). Likewise, exposure to air can convert indoxyl to indigo. In addition to the mammalian production of minute amounts of indigo, this chemical can also be recovered in far larger amounts from plants. Historically, indigo has been extracted from the leaves of certain plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Indigofera plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world for the production of indigo dyestuff. This was economically important due to the previous rarity of some blue dyestuffs historically. India was the primary supplier of indigo to Europe as early as the Greco-Roman era. The association of India with indigo is reflected in the Greek word for the dye, indikón. The Romans latinized the term to indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo. Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting several thousand tons each year. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans.

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