Reaction Process: WikiPathways:WP5154
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxylipin metabolism related metabolites
find 18 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxylipin metabolism
16(17)-EpDPE ⟶ 16,17-DiHDPE
Resolvin D2
Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225) [HMDB] Resolvin D2 is an autacoid resolvin. Autacoids are chemical mediators including the families of resolvins and protectins, defined by their potent bioactions and novel chemical structures. The bioactive local mediators, or autacoids, that require enzymatic generation from the omega-3 essential fatty acid EPA were first identified in resolving inflammatory exudates in vivo and carry potent stereoselective biological actions. Resolvins of the E (RvE) series are derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Those derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were termed resolvins of the D series, for example resolvin D1 (RvD1).Resolvins and protectins have specific stereoselective actions which evoke biological actions in the nanogram range in vivo and are natural exudate products. Resolvins and protectins as distinct chemical families join the lipoxins as potent agonists of endogenous anti-inflammation and are proresolving chemical mediators of interest in human disease as potential new approaches to treatment. The term resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) was first introduced to signify that these new structures were endogenous mediators, biosynthesized in the resolution phase of inflammatory exudates, possessing very potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. These actions include reducing neutrophil traffic, regulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species, and lowering the magnitude of the response. In recent years, investigators have recognized inflammation as playing a key role in many prevalent diseases not previously considered to be of inflammatory etiology. These include Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which now join those well-appreciated inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and periodontal disease. Identifying the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the many reports of the benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs remains an important challenge for nutrition and medicine. Thus, that these new mediator families, resolvins and protectins, are biosynthesized from EPA and DHA, act locally, and possess potent, novel bioactions is of interest to researchers. (PMID: 17090225).
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-22-Hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid
A HDoHE obtained by hydroxylation at position 2 of all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.
17-HDoHE
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a omega-3 essential fatty acid that reduces the incidence and severity of a number of diseases. Recently, a novel series of DHA-derived lipid mediators with potent protective actions has been identified. In this study we demonstrate that dietary amplification of these DHA-derived products protects the liver from necroinflammatory injury. In vitro, supplementation of hepatocytes with DHA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, evaluated by the "comet assay," and oxidative stress, determined by measurement of malondialdehyde levels. In vivo, dietary supplementation of mice with DHA ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced necroinflammatory damage. In addition, hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 levels were significantly reduced in mice fed DHA-enriched diets. In these animals, increased hepatic formation of DHA-derived lipid mediators (i.e., 17S-hydroxy-DHA (17S-HDHA) and protectin D1) was detected by HPLC-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Consistent with these findings, synthetic 17-HDHA abrogated genotoxic and oxidative damage in hepatocytes and decreased TNF-alpha release and 5-lipoxygenase expression in macrophages. In a transactivation assay, 17-HDHA acted in a concentration-dependent manner as a PPARgamma agonist. Taken together, these findings identify a potential role for DHA-derived products, specifically 17S-HDHA and protectin D1, in mediating the protective effects of dietary DHA in necroinflammatory liver injury. (PMID: 17056761). This fatty acyl belongs to the main class of docosanoids. (Lipid Maps). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a omega-3 essential fatty acid that reduces the incidence and severity of a number of diseases. Recently, a novel series of DHA-derived lipid mediators with potent protective actions has been identified. In this study we demonstrate that dietary amplification of these DHA-derived products protects the liver from necroinflammatory injury. In vitro, supplementation of hepatocytes with DHA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, evaluated by the "comet assay," and oxidative stress, determined by measurement of malondialdehyde levels. In vivo, dietary supplementation of mice with DHA ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced necroinflammatory damage. In addition, hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 levels were significantly reduced in mice fed DHA-enriched diets. In these animals, increased hepatic formation of DHA-derived lipid mediators (i.e., 17S-hydroxy-DHA (17S-HDHA) and protectin D1) was detected by HPLC-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Consistent with these findings, synthetic 17-HDHA abrogated genotoxic and oxidative damage in hepatocytes and decreased TNF-alpha release and 5-lipoxygenase expression in macrophages. In a transactivation assay, 17-HDHA acted in a concentration-dependent manner as a PPARgamma agonist. Taken together, these findings identify a potential role for DHA-derived products, specifically 17S-HDHA and protectin D1, in mediating the protective effects of dietary DHA in necroinflammatory liver injury. (PMID: 17056761)
4-HDoHE
4-HDoHE is an endogenous oxidized unsaturated fatty acids. Human and mouse plasma samples also catalyzed 4-HDoHE lactonization and 5-HETE lactone hydrolysis. (PMID: 12963475) 4-HDoHE is a hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that consists of 5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid bearing an additional 4-hydroxy substituent. (CHEBI:72624)
8-HDoHE
8-HDoHE is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid DHA. 8-HDoHE is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is any docosahexaenoic acid bearing a single hydroxy substituent. An oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid metabolism. (CHEBI:72790)
16-HDoHE
16-HDoHE is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid DHA. 16-HDoHE is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is any docosahexaenoic acid bearing a single hydroxy substituent. An oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid metabolism. (CHEBI:72790)
11-HDoHE
11-HDoHE is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid DHA. 11-HDoHE is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is any docosahexaenoic acid bearing a single hydroxy substituent. An oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid metabolism. (CHEBI:72790)
10-HDoHE
10-HDoHE is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. (±)10-HDoHE is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. (http://bioreagent.bertinpharma.com)
19,20-DiHDPA
19,20-DiHDPA is one of the major metabolites produced when Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is incubated with NADPH-supplemented rat liver microsomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid and the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain. DHA is also slowly metabolized by monkey seminal vesicles to 19,20-DiHDPA. The route of production likely proceeds through cytochrome P450-catalyzed epoxidation at the omega-3 double bond, followed by conversion to the vicinal diols by epoxide hydrolase. (PMID: 1742320) [HMDB] 19,20-DiHDPA is one of the major metabolites produced when Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is incubated with NADPH-supplemented rat liver microsomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid and the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain. DHA is also slowly metabolized by monkey seminal vesicles to 19,20-DiHDPA. The route of production likely proceeds through cytochrome P450-catalyzed epoxidation at the omega-3 double bond, followed by conversion to the vicinal diols by epoxide hydrolase. (PMID: 1742320).
19(20)-EpDPE
19(20)-EpDPE is a DHA epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the w-3 double bond of DHA. The EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) activity of 19(20)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model (PMID: 12391014). EDHF is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators (PMID: 9504399, 10519554). Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as 14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator (PMID: 9401962). However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. 19(20)-EpDPE is a DHA epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the w-3 double bond of DHA. The EDHF activity of 19(20)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model
16(17)-EpDPE
16(17)-EpETE is the DHA homolog of 14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) activity of 16(17)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model (PMID: 12391014). EDHF is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators (PMID: 9504399, 10519554). Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as 14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator (PMID: 9401962). However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators.1,2 Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as 14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator.3 However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. 16(17)-EpETE is the DHA homolog of 14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The EDHF activity of 16(17)-EpDPE has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a murine inflammation model [HMDB]
14-HDoHE
14-HDoHE is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid DHA. 14-HDoHE is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is any docosahexaenoic acid bearing a single hydroxy substituent. An oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid metabolism. (CHEBI:72790)