Biological Pathway: Reactome:R-HSA-3108232
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins related metabolites
find 4 related metabolites which is associated with the biological pathway SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins
this pathway object is a organism specific pathway, which is related to taxonomy Homo sapiens (human).
SUMO proteins are conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins via an isopeptide bond with the C-terminal glycine of SUMO (reviewed in Zhao 2007, Gareau and Lima 2010, Hannoun et al. 2010, Citro and Chiocca 2013, Yang and Chiang 2013). Proteomic analyses indicate that SUMO is conjugated to hundreds of proteins and most targets of SUMOylation are nuclear (Vertegal et al. 2006, Bruderer et al. 2011, Tatham et al. 2011, Da Silva et al. 2012, Becker et al. 2013). Within the nucleus SUMOylation targets include transcription factors (TFs), transcription cofactors (TCs), intracellular (nuclear) receptors, RNA binding proteins, RNA splicing proteins, polyadenylation proteins, chromatin organization proteins, DNA replication proteins, DNA methylation proteins, DNA damage response and repair proteins, immune response proteins, SUMOylation proteins, and ubiquitinylation proteins. Mitochondrial fission proteins are SUMOylated at the mitochondrial outer membrane.
UBE2I (UBC9), the E2 activating enzyme of the SUMO pathway, is itself also a SUMO E3 ligase. Most SUMOylation reactions will proceed with only the substrate protein and the UBE2I:SUMO thioester conjugate. The rates of some reactions are further enhanced by the action of other E3 ligases such as RANBP2. These E3 ligases catalyze SUMO transfer to substrate by one of two basic mechanisms: they interact with both the substrate and UBE2I:SUMO thus bringing them into proximity or they enhance the release of SUMO from UBE2I to the substrate.
In the cell SUMO1 is mainly concentrated at the nuclear membrane and in nuclear bodies. Most SUMO1 is conjugated to RANGAP1 near the nuclear pore. SUMO2 is at least partially cytosolic and SUMO3 is located mainly in nuclear bodies. Most SUMO2 and SUMO3 is unconjugated in unstressed cells and becomes conjugated to target proteins in response to stress (Golebiowski et al. 2009). Especially notable is the requirement for recruitment of SUMO to sites of DNA damage where conjugation to targets seems to coordinate the repair process (Flotho and Melchior 2013).
Several effects of SUMOylation have been described: steric interference with protein-protein interactions, interference with other post-translational modifications such as ubiquitinylation and phosphorylation, and recruitment of proteins that possess a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) (reviewed in Zhao 2007, Flotho and Melchior 2013, Jentsch and Psakhye 2013, Yang and Chiang 2013). In most cases SUMOylation inhibits the activity of the target protein.
The SUMOylation reactions included in this module have met two criteria: They have been verified by assays of individual proteins (as opposed to mass proteomic assays) and the effect of SUMOylation on the function of the target protein has been tested.
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J04 - Antimycobacterials > J04A - Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis > J04AB - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007917 - Leprostatic Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D012294 - Rifamycins C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065697 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065695 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065698 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065696 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065701 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C25995 - RNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Rifampin
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J04 - Antimycobacterials > J04A - Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis > J04AB - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007917 - Leprostatic Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D012294 - Rifamycins C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065697 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065695 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065698 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065696 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers D065693 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers > D065701 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C25995 - RNA Polymerase Inhibitor
