NCBI Taxonomy: 9186
Turdus (ncbi_taxid: 9186)
found 8 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Turdidae
Child Taxonomies: Turdus cardis, Turdus merula, Turdus naumanni, Turdus obscurus, Turdus pallidus, Turdus feae, Turdus nudigenis, Turdus grayi, Turdus chrysolaus, Turdus daguae, Turdus smithi, Turdus reevei, Turdus pelios, Turdus roehli, Turdus migratorius, Turdus eunomus, Turdus pilaris, Turdus iliacus, Turdus ravidus, Turdus swalesi, Turdus helleri, Turdus maximus, Turdus leucops, Turdus fuscater, Turdus flavipes, Turdus rubripes, Turdus unicolor, Turdus kessleri, Turdus serranus, Turdus olivater, Turdus plebejus, Turdus graysoni, Turdus plumbeus, Turdus boulboul, Turdus bewsheri, Turdus olivaceus, Turdus niveiceps, Turdus chiguanco, Turdus libonyana, Turdus celaenops, Turdus aurantius, Turdus nigriceps, Turdus subalaris, Turdus ignobilis, Turdus lawrencii, Turdus obsoletus, Turdus hauxwelli, Turdus assimilis, Turdus fumigatus, Turdus torquatus, Turdus leucomelas, Turdus dissimilis, Turdus hortulorum, Turdus ruficollis, Turdus nigrescens, Turdus infuscatus, Turdus albicollis, Turdus philomelos, Turdus simillimus, Turdus mupinensis, Turdus rubrocanus, Turdus viscivorus, Turdus ludoviciae, Turdus mandarinus, Turdus abyssinicus, Turdus rufiventris, Turdus atrogularis, Turdus rufitorques, Turdus anthracinus, Turdus tephronotus, Turdus menachensis, Turdus albocinctus, Turdus maranonicus, Turdus falcklandii, Turdus haplochrous, Turdus jamaicensis, Turdus lherminieri, Turdus sanchezorum, unclassified Turdus, Turdus fulviventris, Turdus maculirostris, Turdus rufopalliatus, Turdus poliocephalus, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus xanthorhynchus, Turdus olivaceofuscus
Protoporphyrin IX
Protoporphyrins are tetrapyrroles containing 4 methyl, 2 propionic, and 2 vinyl side chains. Protoporphyrin is produced by oxidation of the methylene bridge of protoporphyrinogen. Protoporphyrin IX is the only naturally occurring isomer; it is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis, combining with ferrous iron to form protoheme IX, the heme prosthetic group of hemoglobin. Protoporphyrin IX is created by the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. The enzyme ferrochelatase converts it into heme. Protoporphyrin IX naturally occurs in small amounts in feces. Protoporphyrin IX is also responsible for the brown pigment (ooporphyrin) of birds eggs. Protoporphyrin IX is used as a branch point in the biosynthetic pathway leading to heme (by insertion of iron) and chlorophylls (by insertion of Mg and further side-chain transformation). Protoporphyrin IX can be used to treat liver disorders, mainly as the sodium salt. Under certain conditions, protoporphyrin IX can act as a neurotoxin, a phototoxin, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A phototoxin causes cell damage upon exposure to light. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). In particular, it is accumulated and excreted excessively in the feces in acute intermittent porphyria, protoporphyria, and variegate porphyria. There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503). obtained by demetallation of Haemin, occurs in small amounts in faeces. Brown pigment (Ooporphyrin) of birds eggs. Isolated from Atolla wyvillei (CCD). Protoporphyrin is found in red beetroot. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Protoporphyrin IX is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Protoporphyrin IX is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
Biliverdin
Biliverdin is a green pigment formed as a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. It consists of four linearly connected pyrrole rings (a tetrapyrrole). Biliverdin is formed when the heme group in hemoglobin is cleaved at its alpha-methene bridge. The resulting biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin, a yellow pigment, by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. The changing color of a bruise from deep purple to yellow over time is a graphical indicator of this reaction. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of amphibia and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. [HMDB] Biliverdin is a green pigment formed as a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. It consists of four linearly connected pyrrole rings (a tetrapyrrole). Biliverdin is formed when the heme group in hemoglobin is cleaved at its alpha-methene bridge. The resulting biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin, a yellow pigment, by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. The changing color of a bruise from deep purple to yellow over time is a graphical indicator of this reaction. Biliverdin occurs in the bile of amphibia and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. Biliverdin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=114-25-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 114-25-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
biliverdin
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
biliverdin
A linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the first step of heme degradation, catalysed by heme oxygenase. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Protoporphyrin
A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map C1420 - Photosensitizing Agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Protoporphyrin IX is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Protoporphyrin IX is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
