Patulin

(2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid, 3,4-lactone

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)


Patulin is found in pomes. Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in rotting apples, and the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. It is not a particularly potent toxin, but a number of studies have shown that it is genotoxic, which has led to some theories that it may be a carcinogen, though animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin is also an antibiotic. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

   

patulin

patulin

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)


D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5971 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

   

Mycoin

4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one

C7H6O4 (154.0266076)


A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

   

4-{2-hydroxy-4-[2-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(sulfooxy)benzoyloxy]-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoyloxy}-2-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid

4-{2-hydroxy-4-[2-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(sulfooxy)benzoyloxy]-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoyloxy}-2-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid

C32H36O13S (660.1876526000001)


   

8-{9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3h,4h-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-8-yl}-9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one

8-{9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3h,4h-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-8-yl}-9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one

C30H26O10 (546.1525896)


   

(7s,20s)-11,14-bis(acetyloxy)-28-methoxy-7,20-dimethyl-9,13,22,26-tetraoxo-8,16,21-trioxaheptacyclo[15.11.1.0²,¹⁵.0³,¹².0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁸,²³.0²⁵,²⁹]nonacosa-1,3(12),4,10,14,17,23,25(29),27-nonaen-24-yl acetate

(7s,20s)-11,14-bis(acetyloxy)-28-methoxy-7,20-dimethyl-9,13,22,26-tetraoxo-8,16,21-trioxaheptacyclo[15.11.1.0²,¹⁵.0³,¹².0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁸,²³.0²⁵,²⁹]nonacosa-1,3(12),4,10,14,17,23,25(29),27-nonaen-24-yl acetate

C35H26O14 (670.1322496)


   

(3r)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3r)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

(3r)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3r)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

C30H22O12 (574.1111212000001)


   

(3s)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3s)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

(3s)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3s)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

C30H22O12 (574.1111212000001)


   

(3s)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3r)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

(3s)-6-hydroxy-8-[(3r)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl]-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

C30H22O12 (574.1111212000001)


   

6-hydroxy-8-{6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl}-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

6-hydroxy-8-{6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,7,10-trioxo-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-8-yl}-9-methoxy-3-methyl-3h,4h-naphtho[1,2-c]pyran-1,7,10-trione

C30H22O12 (574.1111212000001)


   
   

11,14-bis(acetyloxy)-28-methoxy-7,20-dimethyl-9,13,22,26-tetraoxo-8,16,21-trioxaheptacyclo[15.11.1.0²,¹⁵.0³,¹².0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁸,²³.0²⁵,²⁹]nonacosa-1,3(12),4,10,14,17,23,25(29),27-nonaen-24-yl acetate

11,14-bis(acetyloxy)-28-methoxy-7,20-dimethyl-9,13,22,26-tetraoxo-8,16,21-trioxaheptacyclo[15.11.1.0²,¹⁵.0³,¹².0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁸,²³.0²⁵,²⁹]nonacosa-1,3(12),4,10,14,17,23,25(29),27-nonaen-24-yl acetate

C35H26O14 (670.1322496)


   

(2s,3r)-2,3,6,8,9-pentahydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-oxopent-2-en-1-yl)-10-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one

(2s,3r)-2,3,6,8,9-pentahydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-oxopent-2-en-1-yl)-10-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one

C24H26O8 (442.1627596)