Chemical Formula: C41H68N7O18P3S
Chemical Formula C41H68N7O18P3S
Found 28 metabolite its formula value is C41H68N7O18P3S
3-Oxoeicosa-cis,cis-11,14-dienoyl-CoA
This compound belongs to the family of 3-Oxo-acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative.
(8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA
(8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8_11_13-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA into (8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8_11_13-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8_11_13-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA ...
(8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
(8s,9z,11e,14z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (8S_9Z_11E_14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9_11_14-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (8s,9z,11e,14z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (8s,9z,11e,14z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (8s,9z,11e,14z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into (8S_9Z_11E_14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9_11_14-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (8S_9Z_11E_14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9_11_14-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a ...
3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA
3-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxyicosa-5_8_11-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into 3-Icosa-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Icosa-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make...
3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
3-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxyicosa-8_11_14-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into 3-Icosa-8_11_14-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Icosa-8_11_14-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed doubl...
9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA
9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is converted back to 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes d...
11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA
11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is an 11-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA into 11-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 11-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoylcarnitine is converted back to 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain a...
7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA
7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-(5-heptyl-3_4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into 7-(5-heptyl-3_4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-(5-heptyl-3_4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-(5-heptyl-3,4-dimethylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, whic...
9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA
9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 19 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is converted back to 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 9-(5-hexyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA, cre...
(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoic acid.
CoA 20:3;O
(3R,8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA
A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3R,8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoic acid.
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (2E,11Z,14R,17Z)-14-hydroxyicosa-2,11,17-trienethioate
11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)undecanoyl-CoA
(8S,9Z,11E,14Z)-8-hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
(8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoyl-CoA
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosa-11,14,17-trienethioate
(11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-11,14-dienoyl-CoA
A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-11,14-dienoic acid.
(3R,13Z)-3-hydroxyicosenoyl-CoA(4-)
An (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3R,13Z)-3-hydroxyicosenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
3-oxoicosanoyl-CoA(4-)
A 3-oxoacyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 3-oxoicosanoyl-CoA: major species at pH 7.3.
(3R,11Z)-3-hydroxyicosenoyl-CoA(4-)
A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3R,11Z)-3-hydroxyicosenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.