Chemical Formula: C41H66N7O19P3S
Chemical Formula C41H66N7O19P3S
Found 12 metabolite its formula value is C41H66N7O19P3S
(5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-CoA
(5z,8z,10e,12s,14z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z_8Z_10E_12S_14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_10_14-tetraenoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z,8z,10e,12s,14z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z,8z,10e,12s,14z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z,8z,10e,12s,14z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-CoA into (5Z_8Z_10E_12S_14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_10_14-tetraenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z_8Z_10E_12S_14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_10_14-tetraenoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,...
(5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA
(5z)-7-[(1r,2e)-2-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z)-7-[(1R_2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z)-7-[(1r,2e)-2-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z)-7-[(1r,2e)-2-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z)-7-[(1r,2e)-2-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA into (5Z)-7-[(1R_2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z)-7-[(1R_2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoctylidene]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z)-7-[(1R,2E)-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoc...
7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-CoA
7-[(1r)-2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-[(1r)-2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-[(1r)-2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-[(1r)-2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoyl-CoA into 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-[(1R)-2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-[(1...
7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-CoA
7-{2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-{2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-{2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-{2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-{2-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoyl-CoA into 7-{2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-{2-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl}heptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-{2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopent-1-...
(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-CoA
(5z,8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z_8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_11_13-tetraenoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z,8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z,8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z,8z,11z,13e,15s)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-CoA into (5Z_8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_11_13-tetraenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z_8Z_11Z_13E_15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5_8_11_13-tetraenoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,...
(5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA
(5z,8z)-10-{3-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z_8Z)-10-{3-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5_8-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z,8z)-10-{3-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z,8z)-10-{3-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z,8z)-10-{3-[(1e,3s)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA into (5Z_8Z)-10-{3-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5_8-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z_8Z)-10-{3-[(1E_3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}deca-5_8-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z,8Z)-10-{3-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct...