Chemical Formula: C35H56N7O17P3S
Chemical Formula C35H56N7O17P3S
Found 38 metabolite its formula value is C35H56N7O17P3S
(3E,5Z,8Z)-Tetradecatrienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
(3E,5Z,8Z)-tetradecatrienoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA with (3E,5Z,8Z)-tetradecatrienoate moiety. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid inside living cells. The compound undergoes beta oxidation, forming one or more molecules of acetyl-CoA. This, in turn, enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several molecules of ATP.
Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-7_9_11-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-7_9_11-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-7_9_11-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-3_5_7-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-3_5_7-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-3_5_7-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-3,5,7-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-8_10_12-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-8_10_12-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-8_10_12-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across t...
Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-4_7_10-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-4_7_10-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-4_7_10-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-4_6_8-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-4_6_8-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-4_6_8-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-4,6,8-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-6_9_12-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-6_9_12-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-6_9_12-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-5_7_9-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-5_7_9-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-5_7_9-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-5_8_11-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-2_5_8-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-2_5_8-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-2_5_8-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-2,5,8-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-6_8_10-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-6_8_10-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-6_8_10-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
(4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
(4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4Z_10Z_12E)-tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into (4Z_10Z_12E)-Tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4Z_10Z_12E)-Tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12...
Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-3_6_9-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-3_6_9-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-3_6_9-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-3,6,9-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a tetradeca-2_4_6-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 14 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA into Tetradeca-2_4_6-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Tetradeca-2_4_6-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Tetradeca-2,4,6-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond ...
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (2E,5Z,7E)-tetradeca-2,5,7-trienethioate
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
(3E,5Z,8Z)-Tetradecatrienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
(4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
(3E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
cis-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of cis-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(5E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (5E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
trans-tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
An acyl-CoA oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of trans-tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(9Z)-myristoleoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of myristoleoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
trans-tetradec-11-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetraanion of trans-tetradec-11-enoyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.
cis-tetradec-11-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C35H56N7O17P3S (971.2666116000001)
Tetraanion of cis-tetradec-11-enoyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.