Chemical Formula: C28H44N7O17P3S
Chemical Formula C28H44N7O17P3S
Found 17 metabolite its formula value is C28H44N7O17P3S
cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid.
hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA
Hepta-2,4-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a hepta-2_4-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Hepta-2,4-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Hepta-2,4-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Hepta-2,4-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA into hepta-2_4-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, hepta-2_4-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of hepta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA
Hepta-2,5-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a hepta-2_5-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Hepta-2,5-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Hepta-2,5-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Hepta-2,5-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA into hepta-2_5-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, hepta-2_5-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of hepta-2,5-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
(3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA
(3z,5e)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (3Z_5E)-hepta-3_5-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (3z,5e)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (3z,5e)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (3z,5e)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA into (3Z_5E)-hepta-3_5-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (3Z_5E)-hepta-3_5-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (3Z,5E)-hepta-3,5-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the ne...
CoA 7:2
(2E)-5-Methylhexa-2,4-dienoyl-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
2-methylhexanoyl-CoA(4-)
A fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
heptanoyl-CoA(4-)
A saturated acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of heptanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
