Exact Mass: 919.2236
Exact Mass Matches: 919.2236
Found 93 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 919.2236,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
(2E)-Decenoyl-CoA
(2E)-Decenoyl-CoA is a beta-oxidation intermediate, the substrate of the enzyme peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (PTE-2, 3.1.2.2), which is localized in the peroxisome. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation system contains two sets of enzymes, one of which is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and intermediates in the hepatic bile acid biosynthetic pathway and consists of one or two branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase(s), a D-specific bifunctional protein and the sterol carrier-like protein x (SCPx). Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. They play an indispensable role in the metabolism of a variety of lipids including very long-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic fatty acids, bile acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, pristanic acid, and xenobiotic fatty acids. (PMID: 11673457) [HMDB] (2E)-Decenoyl-CoA is a beta-oxidation intermediate, the substrate of the enzyme peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (PTE-2, 3.1.2.2), which is localized in the peroxisome. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation system contains two sets of enzymes, one of which is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and intermediates in the hepatic bile acid biosynthetic pathway and consists of one or two branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase(s), a D-specific bifunctional protein and the sterol carrier-like protein x (SCPx). Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. They play an indispensable role in the metabolism of a variety of lipids including very long-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic fatty acids, bile acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, pristanic acid, and xenobiotic fatty acids. (PMID: 11673457).
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(Z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides. Anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C5-position. Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside can be found in eggplant, which makes delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
7-Methyl-3-oxo-6-octenoyl-CoA
This compound belongs to the family of 3-Oxo-acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative.
Cyanidin 3-O-[b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-galactopyranoside]
Cyanidin 3-O-[b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-galactopyranoside] is found in root vegetables. Cyanidin 3-O-[b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-galactopyranoside] is isolated from carrot (Daucus carota). Isolated from carrot (Daucus carota). Cyanidin 3-O-[b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-galactopyranoside] is found in root vegetables.
trans-D-Decenoyl-CoA
Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria; Fatty acid metabolism [HMDB] Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria; Fatty acid metabolism.
trans-3-Decenoyl-CoA
trans-3-Decenoyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism. trans-3-Decenoyl-CoA is the substrate of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD, EC 1.3.99.3) MCAD acts on C4-C16 acyl-CoAs with its peak activity toward medium-chain (C6-C12) substrates. MCAD is a key enzyme for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. MCAD deficiency is caused by mutation in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (ACADM; OMIM 607008). Inherited deficiency of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is characterized by intolerance to prolonged fasting, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemic coma with medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria, impaired ketogenesis, and low plasma and tissue carnitine levels. The disorder may be severe, and even fatal, in young patients. It has been reported that between 19 and 25\\% of patients with undiagnosed deficiency of MCAD die during their first episode of metabolic decompensation. (PMID: 15850406) [HMDB] trans-3-Decenoyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism. trans-3-Decenoyl-CoA is the substrate of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD, EC 1.3.99.3) MCAD acts on C4-C16 acyl-CoAs with its peak activity toward medium-chain (C6-C12) substrates. MCAD is a key enzyme for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. MCAD deficiency is caused by mutation in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (ACADM; OMIM 607008). Inherited deficiency of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is characterized by intolerance to prolonged fasting, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemic coma with medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria, impaired ketogenesis, and low plasma and tissue carnitine levels. The disorder may be severe, and even fatal, in young patients. It has been reported that between 19 and 25\\% of patients with undiagnosed deficiency of MCAD die during their first episode of metabolic decompensation. (PMID: 15850406).
4-cis-Decenoyl-CoA
cis-4-Decenoyl-CoA is an intermediate of linoleic acid catabolism, degraded by a mitochondrial 4-enoyl-CoA reductase. (PMID: 729581). There are two 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductases (formerly called 4-enoyl-CoA reductase) in liver, one in mitochondria and another one in peroxisomes. Isolated peroxisomes metabolize 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA via the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase pathway. (PMID: 7263650). cis-4-Decenoyl-CoA is an intermediate of linoleic acid catabolism, degraded by a mitochondrial 4-enoyl-CoA reductase. (PMID: 729581)
Cyanidin 3-O-(2'-xylosyl-6'-(6'-feruloyl-glucosyl)-galactoside)
Cyanidin 3-O-(2"-xylosyl-6"-(6"-feruloyl-glucosyl)-galactoside) is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
Cyanidin 3-O-[4-Hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-glucoside
Cyanidin 3-O-[4-Hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-glucoside is found in onion-family vegetables. Cyanidin 3-O-[4-Hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-glucoside is a constituent of the deep purple callus derived from the storage root of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) Constituent of the deep purple callus derived from the storage root of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Cyanidin 3-O-[4-Hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-glucoside is found in onion-family vegetables and root vegetables.
(6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA
(6e)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (6e)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (6e)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (6e)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA into (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (6E)-8-Methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed dou...
3-Decenoyl-CoA
3-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-3-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Decenoyl-CoA into 3-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...
6-Decenoyl-CoA
6-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-6-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 6-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 6-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 6-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 6-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 6-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 6-Decenoyl-CoA into 6-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 6-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 6-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 6-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 6-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 6-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...
7-Decenoyl-CoA
7-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-7-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-Decenoyl-CoA into 7-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 7-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...
5-Decenoyl-CoA
5-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-5-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-Decenoyl-CoA into 5-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...
2-Decenoyl-CoA
2-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-2-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2-Decenoyl-CoA into 2-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 2-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...
(8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA
(8z)-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (8Z)-dec-8-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (8z)-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (8z)-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (8z)-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA into (8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (8Z)-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (8Z)-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Th...
3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA
3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxynona-4_7-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxynona-4_7-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxynona-4_7-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxynona-4,7-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the ne...
3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA
3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxynona-5_7-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxynona-5_7-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxynona-5_7-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxynona-5,7-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the ne...
3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA
3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxynona-4_6-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxynona-4_6-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxynona-4_6-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxynona-4,6-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the ne...
Delphinidin 3-[6'-(4'-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides. Anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C5-position. Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside can be found in eggplant and potato, which makes delphinidin 3-[6-(4-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Cyanidin 3-(6'-p-coumarylsophoroside) 5-glucoside
Cyanidin 3-(6-p-coumarylsophoroside) 5-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as anthocyanidin 3-o-6-p-coumaroyl glycosides. Anthocyanidin 3-o-6-p-coumaroyl glycosides are anthocyanidin 3-O-glycosides where the carbohydrate moiety is esterified at the C6 position with a p-coumaric acid. P-coumaric acid is an organic derivative of cinnamic acid, that carries a hydroxyl group at the 4-position of the benzene ring. Cyanidin 3-(6-p-coumarylsophoroside) 5-glucoside is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyanidin 3-(6-p-coumarylsophoroside) 5-glucoside can be found in cauliflower, which makes cyanidin 3-(6-p-coumarylsophoroside) 5-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Pelargonidin 3-O-[b-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside
Pelargonidin 3-o-[b-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-d-glucopyranoside] 5-o-b-d-glucopyranoside is a member of the class of compounds known as phenolic glycosides. Phenolic glycosides are organic compounds containing a phenolic structure attached to a glycosyl moiety. Some examples of phenolic structures include lignans, and flavonoids. Among the sugar units found in natural glycosides are D-glucose, L-Fructose, and L rhamnose. Pelargonidin 3-o-[b-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-d-glucopyranoside] 5-o-b-d-glucopyranoside is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pelargonidin 3-o-[b-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-d-glucopyranoside] 5-o-b-d-glucopyranoside can be found in radish, which makes pelargonidin 3-o-[b-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-d-glucopyranoside] 5-o-b-d-glucopyranoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Cyanidin 3-[6-(6-ferulylglucosyl)-2-xylosylgalactoside]
Pelargonidin 3-[6-(3-glucosylcaffeyl)glucoside]-5-glucoside
Pelargonidin 3-(6-caffeylsophoroside)-5-glucoside
Cyanidin 3-(4-caffeylrutinoside)-5-glucoside
Delphinidin 3-robinobioside-5-(6-(E)-p-coumarylglucoside)
Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(Z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside]-5-glucoside
Delphinidin 3-rutinoside-5-(6-(Z)-p-coumaroylglucoside)
Cyanidin 3-O- (6-O- (E) -feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) -2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
Cyanidin 3-O-(2'-xylosyl-6'-(6''-feruloyl-glucosyl)-galactoside)
3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavylium(1+)
CoA 10:1
Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
Cyanidin 3-O-(2'-xylosyl-6'-(6'-feruloyl-glucosyl)-galactoside)
Cyanidin 3-O-(2"-xylosyl-6"-(6"-feruloyl-glucosyl)-galactoside) is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
Cyanidin 3-O-[b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-galactopyranoside]
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-(Z)-p-coumarylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside
Delphinidin 3-[6-(4-p-coumaroylrhamnosyl)glucoside] 5-glucoside
Pelargonidin 3-O-[b-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-(->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside
S-[2-[3-[[4-[[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (E)-8-methylnon-6-enethioate
{3,3,3,3-[(7S,8S,12S,13S)-3,8,13,17-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-8,13-dimethyl-7,8,12,13-tetrahydroporphyrin-2,7,12,18-tetrayl-kappa(4)N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)]tetrapropanoato(2-)}cobalt
9-decenoyl-CoA
A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 9-decenoic acid.
Delphinidin 3-robinobioside-5-(6-(E)-p-coumarylglucoside)
[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropanoylamino)-4-(3-hydroxypropanoyloxy)-5-phosphonooxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-(3-hydroxypropanoylamino)oxan-4-yl] 3-hydroxypropanoate
[(E)-1-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]oxidanium
trans-dec-2-enoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-dec-2-enoic acid.
trans-dec-3-enoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-dec-3-enoic acid.
CoA 9:2;O
A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoic acid.
Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside
cis-dec-4-enoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cis-dec-4-enoic acid.
