Exact Mass: 519.2961

1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2)

(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

Vignatic acid B

4-[(1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)amino]-5,8-dihydroxy-7-(2-methylpropyl)-3-(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),5,8,12,15-pentaene-10-carboxylate

C27H41N3O7 (519.2944)

Vignatic acid B is found in pulses. Vignatic acid B is a constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). Constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). Vignatic acid B is found in pulses.

LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))

(2-{[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a lysophosphatidylcholine, which is a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Lysophosphatidylcholine is found in small amounts in most tissues. It is formed by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2 as part of the de-acylation/re-acylation cycle that controls its overall molecular species composition. It can also be formed inadvertently during extraction of lipids from tissues if the phospholipase is activated by careless handling. There is also a phospholipase A1, which is able to cleave the sn-1 ester bond. Lysophosphatidylcholine has pro-inflammatory properties in vitro and it is known to be a pathological component of oxidized lipoproteins (LDL) in plasma and of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, it has been found to have some functions in cell signalling, and specific receptors (coupled to G proteins) have been identified. It activates the specific phospholipase C that releases diacylglycerols and inositol triphosphate with resultant increases in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C. It also activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase in certain cell types. Lysophosphatidylcholines can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) or C-2 (sn-2) position. LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of linoleic acid at the C-2 position.

(4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-Trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoylcarnitine

3-[(7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7R,8E,10Z,12E,14E,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7S,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-Trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoylcarnitine

3-[(7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(4Z,7S,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7S,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7S,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7S,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine

3-({10-hydroxy-12-[5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine

(4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7Z,10S,11E)-10-Hydroxy-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

3-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-Hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine

3-({3-[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

3-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine 3-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

3-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine

3-({3-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

3-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine 3-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z,11Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-1,5,8,11-tetraen-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]propanoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z)-6-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoylcarnitine

3-({6-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(4Z)-6-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z)-6-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z)-6-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z)-6-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxyundeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hex-4-enoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7Z)-9-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine

3-({9-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(4Z,7Z)-9-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7Z)-9-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7Z)-9-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7Z)-9-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine

3-({12-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

(4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[(1S,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxypent-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]dodeca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4S,5E)-4-Hydroxy-6-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z)-undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoylcarnitine

3-({4-hydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-(undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl)cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

(4S,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z)-undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4S,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z)-undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4S,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z)-undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4S,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-[(2Z,5Z,8Z)-undeca-2,5,8-trien-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hex-5-enoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(4Z,7S,8E)-7-Hydroxy-9-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoylcarnitine

3-({7-hydroxy-9-[5-hydroxy-2-(octa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoyl}oxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

(4Z,7S,8E)-7-hydroxy-9-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (4Z,7S,8E)-7-hydroxy-9-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (4Z,7S,8E)-7-hydroxy-9-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine (4Z,7S,8E)-7-hydroxy-9-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]nona-4,8-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

[(3R,4S)-1,1-Difluoro-3-(hexadecanoylamino)-4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl]phosphonic acid

C26H44F2NO5P (519.2925)

Asi-222

3-[3-(5-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one

D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides

Norroehybridine

(-)-N-Demethylroehybridine

C30H37N3O5 (519.2733)

[(3S,5S,7S)-7-{(1E,3E)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-5-{[(2Z,4S)-4-(acetyloxy)pent-2-enoyl]amino}-3,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl}-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.5]oct-5-yl]acetic acid

[(2S,5S,6R)-6-{(1E,3E)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-5-{[(2Z,4S)-4-(acetyloxy)pent-2-enoyl]amino}-3,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl}-5-hydroxy-4-methylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]acetic acid

[(2S,5S,6R)-6-{(1E,3E)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-5-{[(2Z,4S)-4-(acetyloxy)pent-2-enoyl]amino}-3,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl}-5-hydroxy-4-methylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]acetic acid

4,5-dihydro-7-O-descarbamoyl-7-hydroxygeldanamycin

Diacetyl-isohypognavin

C31H37NO6 (519.2621)

C28H41NO8

3beta-tigloyloxydinorerythrosuamide

delstaphidine

LPC(1-acyl 18:2)-2

1-Hydroxy-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-2-phosphocholine

1-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

LPC 18:2

1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Annotation level-3

LysoPC(18:2/0:0)

(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

1-Linoleoylglycerophosphocholine

2-[hydroxy-[2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9, 12-dienoyl]oxypropoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium