Exact Mass: 439.356244
Exact Mass Matches: 439.356244
Found 135 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 439.356244,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Pentacosanoylglycine
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
Pentacosanoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-25 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety. Acylglycines 1 possess a common amidoacetic acid moiety and are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. Elevated levels of certain acylglycines appear in the urine and blood of patients with various fatty acid oxidation disorders. They are normally produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine ↔ CoA + N-acylglycine. Pentacosanoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-25 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety.
3-Hydroxylinoleoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
3-Hydroxylinoleoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9Z,12Z)-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxylinoleoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxylinoleoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(9Z,12Z)-6-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(9Z,12Z)-6-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9Z,12Z)-6-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (9Z,12Z)-6-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (9Z,12Z)-6-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(11E,13Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(11E,13Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (11E,13Z)-10-hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (11E,13Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (11E,13Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(12Z,15Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(12Z,15Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (12Z,15Z)-10-hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (12Z,15Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (12Z,15Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(11E,13E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(11E,13E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (11E,13E)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (11E,13E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (11E,13E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(8E,12Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(8E,12Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (8E,12Z)-10-hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (8E,12Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (8E,12Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(9S,10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(9Z)-Nonadec-9-enoylcarnitine
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
(9Z)-Nonadec-9-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9Z)-nonadec-9-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (9Z)-Nonadec-9-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (9Z)-Nonadec-9-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(10Z)-Nonadec-10-enoylcarnitine
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
(10Z)-nonadec-10-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (10Z)-nonadec-10-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (10Z)-nonadec-10-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (10Z)-nonadec-10-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
N-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
PC(O-12:0/O-1:0)
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
PC(O-12:0/O-1:0)[U]
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
CAR 18:2;O
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) (Z)-but-2-enedioate,N-ethenyl-N-methylacetamide
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
tetradecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride
C22H50ClNO3Si (439.3248300000001)
(2S,3R,4E)-2-AZIDO-3-(TERT-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL)-ERYTHRO-SPHINGOSINE
N-BOC-D-ERYTHRO-SPHINGOSINE-2,3-N,O-ACETONIDE
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
N-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
(9Z,12Z)-6-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(11E,13E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(8E,12Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-8,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(11E,13Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-11,13-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(12Z,15Z)-10-Hydroxyoctadeca-12,15-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
(9S,10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
2-azaniumylethyl (2R)-3-(hexadecyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl phosphate
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
(5E,8E,11E,14E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
(12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z,24Z,27Z)-triacontahexaenoate
C30H47O2- (439.35758619999996)
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z,24Z,27Z)-triacontahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
[(2R)-3-dodecoxy-2-methoxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
3-[10-[(1R)-2-hexylcyclopropyl]decanoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
(2-Hydroxy-3-tridecoxypropyl) 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]nonanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxypentadec-4-en-2-yl]dodecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
3-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycero-1-O-phosphoethanolamine
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyicos-4-en-2-yl]heptanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxynonan-2-yl)octadec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctan-2-yl)nonadec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxynon-4-en-2-yl]octadecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyoct-4-en-2-yl]nonadecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxynonadec-4-en-2-yl]octanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyhenicos-4-en-2-yl]hexanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxypentacos-4-en-2-yl]acetamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytetracos-4-en-2-yl]propanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxydocos-4-en-2-yl]pentanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytricos-4-en-2-yl]butanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxydec-4-en-2-yl]heptadecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxydodecan-2-yl)pentadec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxydecan-2-yl)heptadec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytridec-4-en-2-yl]tetradecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyundec-4-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxydodec-4-en-2-yl]pentadecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyheptadec-4-en-2-yl]decanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxytridecan-2-yl)tetradec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxytetradecan-2-yl)tridec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyhexadec-4-en-2-yl]undecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyundecan-2-yl)hexadec-9-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(8E,12E)-1,3,4-trihydroxytetradeca-8,12-dien-2-yl]dodecanamide
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytetradec-4-en-2-yl]tridecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-[(E)-1,3,4-trihydroxytetradec-8-en-2-yl]dodec-5-enamide
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxytetradecan-2-yl)tridec-8-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
(Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxypentadecan-2-yl)dodec-5-enamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-(decanoyl)-4E-heptadecasphingenine
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-(dodecanoyl)-4E-pentadecasphingenine
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-(tridecanoyl)-4E-tetradecasphingenine
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E,2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxyheptadec-8-en-2-yl]decanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E,2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxypentadec-8-en-2-yl]dodecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
N-[(E,2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxytetradec-8-en-2-yl]tridecanamide
C27H53NO3 (439.40252280000004)
3-hydroxylinoleoylcarnitine
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
An O-acylcarnitine having 3-hydroxylinoleoyl as the acyl substituent.
1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
C21H46NO6P (439.30625860000004)
triacontahexaenoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of triacontahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3
AcCa(19:1)
C26H49NO4 (439.36613940000007)
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(2r)-2-[(1-hydroxytetradecylidene)amino]-n-[(2s)-5-oxohexan-2-yl]butanediimidic acid
C24H45N3O4 (439.34098900000004)
n'-{[(1s,4ar,4bs,8as,10as)-1-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-decahydrophenanthren-2-ylidene]methyl}-n,n-dimethylguanidine
5-(pentacosa-16,19,22-trien-1-yl)-1h-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde
5-[(16z,19z,22z)-pentacosa-16,19,22-trien-1-yl]-1h-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde
14-[(2s,5r,6r)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6-methylpiperidin-2-yl]tetradecan-2-one
n'-{[(1s,2e,4as,4bs,8ar,10as)-1-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-decahydrophenanthren-2-ylidene]methyl}-n,n-dimethylguanidine
n-(2-{[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-3-decyl-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]nonan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxoethyl)carboximidic acid
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)
n-(2-{[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-3-(8-methylnonyl)-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]nonan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxoethyl)carboximidic acid
C25H45NO5 (439.32975600000003)