Exact Mass: 1043.3241
Exact Mass Matches: 1043.3241
Found 62 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 1043.3241
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within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
OPC8-CoA
OPC8-CoA participates in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism. OPC8-CoA is produced from 8-[(1R,2R)-3-Oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate. However, OPC8-CoA reacts with acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6] to give rise to trans-2-Enoyl-OPC8-CoA.
(10Z,13Z)-Nonadecadienoyl-CoA
A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (10Z,13Z)-nonadecadienoic acid.
(9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA
(9e,11e,15z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (9E_11E_15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9_11_15-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (9e,11e,15z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (9e,11e,15z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (9e,11e,15z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA into (9E_11E_15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9_11_15-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (9E_11E_15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9_11_15-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a ...
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA
(9z,12z,15z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (9Z_12Z_15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9_12_15-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (9z,12z,15z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (9z,12z,15z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (9z,12z,15z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA into (9Z_12Z_15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9_12_15-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (9Z_12Z_15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9_12_15-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the sub...
(10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA
(10e,13e)-nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (10E_13E)-nonadeca-10_13-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (10e,13e)-nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (10e,13e)-nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (10e,13e)-nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA into (10E_13E)-Nonadeca-10_13-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (10E_13E)-Nonadeca-10_13-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (10E,13E)-Nonadeca-10,13-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acce...
(5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA
(5z,9z)-nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z_9Z)-nonadeca-5_9-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z,9z)-nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z,9z)-nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z,9z)-nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA into (5Z_9Z)-Nonadeca-5_9-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z_9Z)-Nonadeca-5_9-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (5Z,9Z)-Nonadeca-5,9-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyze...
9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA
9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 9-(3_4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is converted back to 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 9-(3,4-dimethyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes d...
(6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA
(6z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6_9-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (6z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (6z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (6z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA into (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6_9-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6_9-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a ...
7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA
7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 7-(5-heptylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FAD...
8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA
8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is an 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA into 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine is converted back to 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydra...
9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA
9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is converted back to 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, En...
9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA
9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 17 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA into 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is converted back to 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA, cre...
8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA
8-{3-[(2z,5z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is an 8-{3-[(2Z_5Z)-octa-2_5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 8-{3-[(2z,5z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 8-{3-[(2z,5z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 8-{3-[(2z,5z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA into 8-{3-[(2Z_5Z)-octa-2_5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 8-{3-[(2Z_5Z)-octa-2_5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoylcarnitine is converted back to 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-...
7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA
7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA into 7-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-(3_4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, whic...
CoA 18:3;O
palmitoyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-CoA, also known as hexadecanoyl CoA, is a coenzyme A derivative of palmitic acid, one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants (YMDB: YMDB00527). Palmitoyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas. These are acyl-CoAs carrying a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl chain. Palmitoyl-CoA is part of the carnitine shuttle system, which transports other fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria for β-oxidation . Palmitoyl-CoA can be found in many food items, some of which are apple, apricot, asparagus and avocado, which makes palmitoyl-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 8-[(1S,2S)-3-oxo-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopentyl]octanethioate
(6Z)-11-(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)undeca-6,9-dienoyl-CoA
(9E,11E,15Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoyl-CoA
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA
8-{3-[(2Z,5Z)-octa-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl}octanoyl-CoA
1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)(7-)
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 8-[(1S,2S)-3-oxo-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopentyl]octanethioate
3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA(4-)
A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
pristanoyl-CoA(4-)
A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA(4-) oxanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of pristanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(3S)-3-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA(4-)
A 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3S)-3-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(9Z,12Z)-3-oxolinoleoyl-CoA
A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z,12Z)-3-oxolinoleic acid.
(2S)-pristanoyl-CoA(4-)
A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of (2S)-pristanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
12-methyloctadecanoyl-CoA(4-)
A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-) oxanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 12-methyloctadecanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3
(2R)-pristanoyl-CoA(4-)
A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of (2R)-pristanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3
1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)(7-)
A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate(7-) in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).
nonadecanoyl-CoA(4-)
An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of nonadecanoyl-CoA.
(3R,11Z)-3-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
An (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3R,11Z)-3-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA(4-)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
3-oxoisooctadecanoyl-CoA(4-)
A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of 3-oxoisooctadecanoyl-CoA.
(11Z)-18-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (11Z)-18-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.