Classification Term: 3770
Glycosylamines (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0002203)
Compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether)." []
found 46 associated metabolites at family metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Glycosyl compounds
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Azacitidine
Azacitidine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent. [PubChem]Azacitidine (5-azacytidine) is a chemical analogue of the cytosine nucleoside used in DNA and RNA. Azacitidine is thought to induce antineoplastic activity via two mechanisms; inhibition of DNA methyltransferase at low doses, causing hypomethylation of DNA, and direct cytotoxicity in abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow through its incorporation into DNA and RNA at high doses, resulting in cell death. As azacitidine is a ribonucleoside, it incoporates into RNA to a larger extent than into DNA. The incorporation into RNA leads to the dissembly of polyribosomes, defective methylation and acceptor function of transfer RNA, and inhibition of the production of protein. Its incorporation into DNA leads to a covalent binding with DNA methyltransferases, which prevents DNA synthesis and subsequent cytotoxicity. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2083 - DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C132686 - Demethylating Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 5-Azacytidine (Azacitidine; 5-AzaC; Ladakamycin) is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation. 5-Azacytidine is incorporated into DNA to covalently trap DNA methyltransferases and contributes to reverse epigenetic changes[1][2]. 5-Azacytidine induces cell autophagy[4].
N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine
Aspartylglycosamine, also known as n4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine or 1-beta-aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Aspartylglycosamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Aspartylglycosamine can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human spleen tissue. Within the cell, aspartylglycosamine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, aspartylglycosamine is found to be associated with aspartylglucosaminuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria corresponding to decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. Large amount of aspartylglycosamine appears in patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, which is a metabolic disorder associated with decreased activity of aspartylglycosamine amido hydrolase. [HMDB]
cis-Zeatin-7-N-glucoside
Cis-zeatin-7-N-glucoside is an intermediate in cytokinins 7-N-glucoside biosynthesis. It is generated from cis-zeatin via the enzyme UDP glycosyltransferase.Several types of cytokinins conjugation exist which render cytokinins inactive: O-xylosylation, O-glucosylation, and N-glucosylation. When plants are subjected to high levels of cytokinin application, the major conjugate that forms is the 7-N-glucoside. Moreover, unlike O-glucosides, the glucosylation of which is reversible through the action of glucosidases, 7-N- and 9-N-glucosides are resistant to glucosidases. This, taken with N-glucosides accumulation in plant subjected to high doses of cytokinins, has led to the suggestion that N-glucosylation is involved in detoxification. [HMDB] cis-Zeatin-7-N-glucoside is an intermediate in cytokinins 7-N-glucoside biosynthesis. It is generated from cis-zeatin via the enzyme UDP glycosyltransferase. Several types of cytokinins conjugation exist which render cytokinins inactive: O-xylosylation, O-glucosylation, and N-glucosylation. When plants are subjected to high levels of cytokinin application, the major conjugate that forms is the 7-N-glucoside. Moreover, unlike O-glucosides, the glucosylation of which is reversible through the action of glucosidases, 7-N- and 9-N-glucosides are resistant to glucosidases. This, taken with N-glucosides accumulation in plants subjected to high doses of cytokinins, has led to the suggestion that N-glucosylation is involved in detoxification. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins
Nicotinic acid ribonucleoside
Nicotinic acid ribonucleoside (CAS: 17720-18-2) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Nicotinic acid ribonucleoside is involved in the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. Nicotinic acid ribonucleoside can be reversibly converted into nicotinate and nicotinate D-ribonucleoside by purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) and 5-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5), respectively. Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside is involved in the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside can be reversibly converted to nicotinate and nicotinate D-ribonucleoside by purine-nucleoside phosphorylase [EC:2.4.2.1] and 5-nucleotidase [EC:3.1.3.5], respectively. [HMDB] COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Nicotinamide riboside
Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for the elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Nicotinamide riboside has recently been discovered to be an NAD(+) precursor that is converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. It has been shown that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends the lifespan of certain animal models without calorie restriction (PMID: 17482543). Supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (PMID: 22682224). Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role in the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID: 15137942). Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside has been identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role for phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID 15137942). [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate
CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate is an intermediate in Aminosugars metabolism. It is generated from CMP-N-acetylneuraminate via the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.2). CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate can be converted to N-Glycolylneuraminate via the enzyme N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.43). [HMDB] CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate is an intermediate in Aminosugars metabolism. It is generated from CMP-N-acetylneuraminate via the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.2). CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate can be converted to N-Glycolylneuraminate via the enzyme N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.43).
(E)-Casimiroedine
(E)-Casimiroedine is found in pomes. (E)-Casimiroedine is an alkaloid from the seeds of Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple
cis-Zeatin-9-N-glucoside
Cis-zeatin-9-N-glucoside is an intermediate in cytokinins 9-N-glucoside biosynthesis. It is generated from cis-zeatin via the enzyme UDP glycosyltransferase.Glucosylation of cytokinins is a well recognized modification that is thought to play an important role in hormonal homeostasis. Several types of cytokinins conjugation exist which render cytokinins inactive: O-xylosylation, O-glucosylation, and N-glucosylation. [HMDB] cis-Zeatin-9-N-glucoside is an intermediate in cytokinins 9-N-glucoside biosynthesis. It is generated from cis-zeatin via the enzyme UDP glycosyltransferase. Glucosylation of cytokinins is a well-recognized modification that is thought to play an important role in hormonal homeostasis. Several types of cytokinins conjugation exist which render cytokinins inactive: O-xylosylation, O-glucosylation, and N-glucosylation.
Dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside
Dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside is possibly neutral. Dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside is involved in cytokinin 9-N-glucoside biosynthesis and is also involved in cytokinin-O-glucoside biosynthesis as a precursor to dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside-O-glucoside. N-Glucosylation at the 9-position is similar to the N-glucosylation at the 7-position. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB]. Dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside is found in many foods, some of which are tronchuda cabbage, pear, persian lime, and turmeric.
1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide is the reduced form of nicotinamide riboside. Nicotinamide riboside or NR is a natural product found in milk. It can exist in both the oxidized and reduced form. Nicotinamide riboside is a newly discovered precursor to NAD ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Nicotinamide riboside kinases (Nrks) are essential for this NAD synthesis pathway. Nrks actually constitute a distinct pathway of NAD biosynthesis and it appears that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD synthesis (PMID: 18429699). NAD homeostasis is related to the free radical-mediated production of reactive oxygen species responsible for irreversible cellular damage in infectious disease, diabetes, inflammatory syndromes, neurodegeneration and cancer. (PMID: 18508649). Baseline requirements for NAD synthesis can be met either with dietary tryptophan or with less than 20 mg of daily niacin, which consists of nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide. Reduced nicotinamide riboside is also known to be a substrate for ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.10.99.2). It is also a substrate for purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) - (PMID: 9030766). Nicotinamide riboside or NR is a natural product found in milk. It can exist in both the oxidized and reduced form. Nicotinamide riboside is a newly discovered precursor to NAD ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Nicotinamide riboside kinases (Nrks) are essential for this NAD synthesis pathway. Nrks actually constitute a distinct pathway of NAD biosynthesis and it appears that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD synthesis (PMID: 18429699). NAD homeostasis is related to the free radical-mediated production of reactive oxygen species responsible for irreversible cellular damage in infectious disease, diabetes, inflammatory syndromes, neurodegeneration and cancer. (PMID: 18508649). Baseline requirements for NAD synthesis can be met either with dietary tryptophan or with less than 20 mg of daily niacin, which consists of nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide. Reduced nicotinamide riboside is also known to be a substrate for ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.10.99.2). It is also a substrate for purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) - (PMID: 9030766) [HMDB]
(S)-a-Amino-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid N2-glucoside
(S)-a-Amino-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid N2-glucoside is found in pulses. (S)-a-Amino-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid N2-glucoside is isolated from Pisum sativum (peas Isolated from Pisum sativum (peas). (S)-a-Amino-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid N2-glucoside is found in pulses and common pea.
Ochratoxin C
Ochratoxin C is a metabolite of Aspergillus ochraceu
Dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucoside
Dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucoside (CAS: 91599-03-0) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucoside is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucoside is involved in cytokinin 7-N glucoside biosynthesis in plants as a product of the N-glucosylation of dihydrozeatin by UDP-glucose. When plants are exposed to a high concentration of cytokinins many are conjugated into 7-N glucosides. The addition to the N position decreases the physiological activity of the cytokine. Therefore, N-glucosylation may be a strategy of detoxification for plants. N-Glucosylation is common in radish.
Kinetin-7-N-glucoside
Kinetin-7-N-glucoside belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Kinetin-7-N-glucoside is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Kinetin-7-N-glucoside is the product of the reaction between kinetin and UDP-D-glucose, with UDP as a co-product. The reaction is catalyzed by a UDP glycosyltransferase. Kinetin-7-N-glucoside is the product of the reaction between kinetin and UDP-D-glucose, with UDP as a co-product. The reaction is catalyzed by a UDP glycosyltransferase. [HMDB]
Kinetin-9-N-glucoside
Kinetin-9-N-glucoside belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Kinetin-9-N-glucoside is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Kinetin-9-N-glucoside is the product of the reaction between kinetin and UDP-D-glucose, with UDP as a co-product. The reaction is catalyzed by a UDP glycosyltransferase.
5,6-Dihydrouridine
Dihydrouridine is a pyrimidine which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine. Dihydrouridine is found only in tRNA molecules. An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism. [HMDB] Dihydrouridine (abbreviated as D,[1] DHU, or UH2) is a pyrimidine nucleoside which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine, making it a fully saturated pyrimidine ring with no remaining double bonds. D is found in tRNA and rRNA molecules as a nucleoside; the corresponding nucleobase is 5,6-dihydrouracil. Because it is non-planar, D disturbs the stacking interactions in helices and destabilizes the RNA structure. D also stabilizes the C2’-endo sugar conformation, which is more flexible than the C3’-endo conformation; this effect is propagated to the 5’-neighboring residue. Thus, while pseudouridine and 2’-O-methylations stabilize the local RNA structure, D does the opposite.[2] The tRNAs of organisms that grow at low temperatures (psychrophiles) have high 5,6-dihydrouridine levels (40-70\\\% more on average) which provides the necessary local flexibility of the tRNA at or below the freezing point.[3] Dihydrouridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5627-05-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 5627-05-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Bacteria, Eukaryota, and some Archaea. 5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Bacteria, Eukaryota, and some Archaea.
(24R)-Cholest-5-ene-3-beta,24-diol
(24R)-Cholest-5-ene-3-beta,24-diol or 24(R)-Hydroxycholesterol is a hydroxysterol. It is a substrate for Cytochrome P450 39A1 (EC 1.14.13.99), which is primarily a liver-specific enzyme. It is involved in the following reaction: (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3-beta,24-diol + NADPH + O(2) = (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3-beta,7-alpha,24-triol + NADP(+) + H(2)O. 24(R)-Hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in bile acid metabolism. The majority of circulating 24-hydroxycholesterol in humans is made in the brain and is increased in serum of Alzheimer patients. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol is generally more abundant in human tissues than 24(R)-Hydroxycholesterol. It has also been shown that 24(R) and 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterols are substrates for hepatic cholesterol 7-a hydroxylase (CYP7A), leading to the production of 7-alpha hydroxylated bile acids.
Isopentenyladenine-9-N-glucoside
Isopentenyladenine-9-N-glucoside belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Isopentenyladenine-9-N-glucoside is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Isopentenyladenine-9-N-glucoside is produced when isopentenyladenine and UDP-D-glucose react, with UDP as a byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by UDP glycosyltransferases. Isopentenyladenine-9-N-glucoside is produced when isopentenyladenine and UDP-D-glucose react, with UDP as a byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by UDP glycosyltransferases. [HMDB]
Raphanatin
Raphanatin is found in root vegetables. Raphanatin is produced by Raphanus sativus (radish
Clitocine
Nucleoside isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe inversa (edibility unknown). Clitocine is found in mushrooms. Clitocine is found in mushrooms. Nucleoside isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe inversa (edibility unknown Clitocine, an adenosine nucleoside analog isolated from mushroom, is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent. Clitocine acts as a suppressor of nonsense mutations and can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. Clitocine can induce apoptosis in multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by targeting Mcl-1. Anticancer activity[1][2]. Clitocine, an adenosine nucleoside analog isolated from mushroom, is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent. Clitocine acts as a suppressor of nonsense mutations and can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. Clitocine can induce apoptosis in multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by targeting Mcl-1. Anticancer activity[1][2].
Creatine riboside
Creatine riboside is a conjugate between creatine and ribose. It is a novel diagnostic marker for lung cancer that is elevated in the urine of non-small cell lung cancer subjects (PMID: 24736543). Creatine riboside may be a product of both high creatine levels within tumor cells and the characteristic high phosphate flux of cancer cells. Increased mutagenicity of creatine and ribose pyrolysis products in cooked foods has been reported, suggesting a functional role of creatine riboside in tumorigenesis (PMID: 24736543). Creatine riboside is likely not an enzyme-synthesized product as it can be formed spontaneously by mixing creatine with ribose. It can be synthesized in modestly high yields by reacting ribose and creatine in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate and heating the two compounds at 80°C for 10 minutes.
1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-hydroxyhydropyridin-2-one
1-Methyl-2-hydroadenosine
3-Thiacytidine
4'-Azidocytidine
5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine
6-Azauridine
2,3,4-Tri-O-acetylarabinopyranosyl isothiocyanate
arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine
Azaribine
Balapiravir
Coformycin
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D005573 - Formycins D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
5-Amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[(benzylamino)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]imidazole-4-carboxamide
Inarigivir soproxil
Isatoribine
Isocoformycin
(2S,3S,4S,5S)-2-(5-Amino-7-methyl-2,6,7,9,11-pentazatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),3,5,8,10-pentaen-2-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
1-[(3R,4R,5R)-3-Fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
1-Galactopyranosyl-5-fluorouracil
Fluoroazomycin arabinoside
Benzyladenine 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
Benzyladenine 3-o-beta-d-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether). Benzyladenine 3-o-beta-d-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Benzyladenine 3-o-beta-d-glucoside can be found in soy bean, which makes benzyladenine 3-o-beta-d-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyladenine 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
Benzyladenine 7-o-beta-d-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Benzyladenine 7-o-beta-d-glucoside can be found in soy bean, which makes benzyladenine 7-o-beta-d-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
beta-D-ribosylnicotinate
beta-d-ribosylnicotinate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). beta-d-ribosylnicotinate can be found in a number of food items such as turnip, chanterelle, garland chrysanthemum, and canola, which makes beta-d-ribosylnicotinate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
