Classification Term: 3532
m-Xylenes (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0004209)
Aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions." []
found 11 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Xylenes
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Lidocaine
Lidocaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. [PubChem]Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Lidocaine alters signal conduction in neurons by blocking the fast voltage gated sodium (Na+) channels in the neuronal cell membrane that are responsible for signal propagation. With sufficient blockage the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an action potential. This creates the anaesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain but by aborting their birth in the first place. D - Dermatologicals > D04 - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04A - Antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. > D04AB - Anesthetics for topical use C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AD - Local anesthetics C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BB - Antiarrhythmics, class ib D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AD - Anesthetics, local S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02D - Other otologicals > S02DA - Analgesics and anesthetics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01H - Local anesthetics > S01HA - Local anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local > N01BB - Amides COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2572 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker KEIO_ID L034; [MS2] KO009034 KEIO_ID L034 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Lidocaine (Lignocaine) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia[2].
2,6-Dimethylaniline
2,6-Dimethylaniline is a metabolite of lidocaine. Lidocaine, Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 73 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4146 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8824 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8098 KEIO_ID D178
Tocainide
C11H16N2O (192.12625659999998)
Tocainide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels. [PubChem]Tocainide acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. Tocainide binds preferentially to the inactive state of the sodium channels.The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BB - Antiarrhythmics, class ib D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
m-Xylene
M-xylene, also known as 1,3-dimethylbenzene or M-xylol, is a member of the class of compounds known as M-xylenes. M-xylenes are aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions. M-xylene is a plastic tasting compound found in black walnut, parsley, and safflower, which makes M-xylene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. M-xylene can be found primarily in blood and feces. M-xylene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. M-xylene is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. m-Xylene (meta-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene known collectively as xylenes. The m- stands for meta-, indicating that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring. It is in the positions of the two methyl groups, their arene substitution pattern, that it differs from the other isomers, o-xylene and p-xylene. All have the same chemical formula C6H4(CH3)2. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable . If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5\\% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of -oximes has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally (T3DB). m-Xylene, also known as 1,3-xylene or m-dimethylbenzene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as m-xylenes. These are aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions. The conversion m-xylene to isophthalic acid entails catalytic oxidation. m-Xylene (meta-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. m-Xylene is possibly neutral. m-Xylene is a plastic tasting compound. m-xylene is found, on average, in the highest concentration in safflowers. m-xylene has also been detected, but not quantified, in black walnuts and parsley. This could make m-xylene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Xylenes are not acutely toxic, for example the LD50 (rat, oral) is 4300 mg/kg. m-Xylene is a potentially toxic compound. Concerns with xylenes focus on narcotic effects. The m- stands for meta-, indicating that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable. Petroleum contains about 1 weight percent xylenes.
Glycinexylidide
Glycinexylidide is a metabolite of lidocaine. Lidocaine, Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. (Wikipedia)
Amitraz
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D010575 - Pesticides > D010574 - Pesticide Synergists D010575 - Pesticides > D007302 - Insect Repellents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D020011 - Protective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide with alpha-adrenergic agonist activity that interacts with octopamine receptors in the central nervous system and inhibits monoamine oxidase and prostaglandin synthesis.
Xylazine
C12H16N2S (220.10341359999998)
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
Malvidin 3-chlorogenic acid glucoside
Malvidin 3-chlorogenic acid glucoside is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Malvidin 3-chlorogenic acid glucoside can be found in common grape, which makes malvidin 3-chlorogenic acid glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
1,3-Dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene
1,3-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene is a member of the class of compounds known as M-xylenes. M-xylenes are aromatic compounds that contain a m-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions. 1,3-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene can be found in corn, which makes 1,3-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.