Classification Term: 2304
Organic carbonic acids and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000364)
Compounds comprising the organic carbonic acid or a derivative thereof." []
found 22 associated metabolites at class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Organic acids and derivatives
Child Taxonomies: Ureas, Organic carbonic acids, Carbonic acid diesters, Carbonic acid ester halides, Carbonic acid monoesters, Chloroformic acid esters, Carbonate salts
Diethyl dicarbonate
Diethyl dicarbonate is formerly used as a fermentation inhibitor and preservative for wines, soft drinks and fruit juices. No longer permitted as a food additive. Formerly used as a fermentation inhibitor and preservative for wines, soft drinks and fruit juices. No longer permitted as a food additive.
Carbamic acid
Carbamic acid is occasionally found as carbamate in workers exposed to pesticides. Carbamates, particularly carbofuran, seem to be more associated with exuberant and diversified symptomatology of pesticide exposure than organophosphates. Neurological symptoms occur among farmers occupationally exposed to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides such as carbamates. Carbamic acid products of several amines, such as beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), ethylenediamine, and L-cysteine have been implicated in toxicity. Studies suggested that a significant portion of amino-compounds in biological samples (that naturally contain CO2/bicarbonate) can be present as a carbamic acid. The formation of carbamate glucuronide metabolites has been described for numerous pharmaceuticals and they have been identified in all of the species commonly used in drug metabolism studies (rat, dog, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, and human). There has been no obvious species specificity for their formation and no preference for 1 or 2 degree amines. Many biological reactions have also been described in the literature that involve the reaction of CO2 with amino groups of biomolecules. For example, CO2 generated from cellular respiration is expired in part through the reversible formation of a carbamate between CO2 and the -amino groups of the alpha and beta-chains of hemoglobin. Glucuronidation is an important mechanism used by mammalian systems to clear and eliminate both endogenous and foreign chemicals. Many functional groups are susceptible to conjugation with glucuronic acid, including hydroxyls, phenols, carboxyls, activated carbons, thiols, amines, and selenium. Primary and secondary amines can also react with carbon dioxide (CO2) via a reversible reaction to form a carbamic acid. The carbamic acid is also a substrate for glucuronidation and results in a stable carbamate glucuronide metabolite. The detection and characterization of these products has been facilitated greatly by the advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry techniques and high field NMR instrumentation. (PMID: 16268118, 17168688, 12929145).
Velcorin
Yeast inhibitor and preservative for alcoholic beverages especially low alcohol wines Dimethyl dicarbonate or DMDC is a colourless liquid with a sharp odour. Its primary use is as a beverage preservative and or processing aid or sterilant (INS No. 242), and acts by inhibiting the enzymes acetate kinase and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase. It has also been proposed that methoxycarbonylation of the histidine part of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by DMDC inhibits these essential enzymes also. Once it has been added to beverages, the efficacy of the chemical is provided by the following reactions:. Yeast inhibitor and preservative for alcoholic beverages especies low alcohol wines
2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate
C3H2Cl4O2 (209.88089120000004)
THIODICARB
Poly(acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite), sodium salt
It is used as a food additive .