Classification Term: 168615
Vitamin K [PR0203] (ontology term: e1f823179675ce40189a8fda2ca6176a)
Vitamin K [PR0203]
found 23 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Quinones and hydroquinones [PR02]
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
3-Hydroxy-vitamin K
Menaquinone-9
A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.
Menatetrenone
Menatetrenone, also known as MK-4, is a vitamin K compound used as a hemostatic agent, and also as adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis. Menatetrenone is one of the nine forms of vitamin K2 and is a short-chain menaquinone. MK-4 is produced via conversion of vitamin K1 in the body, in the testes, pancreas and arterial walls (Wikipedia). Vitamin K2 is found in brassicas. Vitamin K2 is widely distributed in green leaves and vegetables. It is a fat-soluble dietary factor effective in controlling blood coagulation. All members of the vitamin K group of vitamins share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chain attached at the 3-position. Phylloquinone (also known as vitamin K1) invariably contains in its side chain four isoprenoid residues, one of which is unsaturated. Human milk contains between 1 and 4 micrograms/litre of vitamin K1, while formula-derived milk can contain up to 100 micrograms/litre in supplemented formulas. Vitamin K2 concentrations in human milk appear to be much lower than those of vitamin K1. It is estimated that there is a 0.25 to 1.7 percent occurrence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the first week of the infants life with a prevalence of 2-10 cases per 100,000 births. The biochemistry of how vitamin K is used to convert glutamic acid (Glu) to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) has been elucidated over the past thirty years in academic laboratories throughout the world. Within the cell, vitamin K undergoes electron reduction to a reduced form of vitamin K (called vitamin K hydroquinone) by the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (or VKOR). Another enzyme then oxidizes vitamin K hydroquinone to allow carboxylation of Glu to Gla; this enzyme is called the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The carboxylation reaction will only proceed if the carboxylase enzyme is able to oxidize vitamin K hydroquinone to vitamin K epoxide at the same time. The carboxylation and epoxidation reactions are said to be coupled reactions. Vitamin K epoxide is then re-converted into vitamin K by the vitamin K epoxide reductase. These two enzymes comprise the so-called vitamin K cycle. Vitamin K2 is one of the reasons why vitamin K is rarely deficient in a human diet (vitamin K is continually recycled in our cells). Vitamin K1 is also known as phylloquinone or phytomenadione (also called phytonadione). Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, menatetrenone) is normally produced by bacteria in the large intestine, and dietary deficiency is extremely rare unless the intestines are heavily damaged or are unable to absorb the molecule, or due to decreased production by normal flora, as seen in broad spectrum antibiotic use. Menaquinone-4 is a menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a human metabolite, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent and a neuroprotective agent. Menatetrenone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Prediabetic State, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Menatetrenone is a menaquinone compound and form of vitamin K2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Menatetrenone may act by modulating the signalling of certain tyrosine kinases, thereby affecting several transcription factors including c-myc and c-fos. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M05 - Drugs for treatment of bone diseases > M05B - Drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization Inhibits bone resorption via PGE2 synthesis inhibition and other mechanisms. Antihaemorrhagic vitamin [CCD] A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics Menaquinone-4 is a vitamin K, used as a hemostatic agent, and also a adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.
Vitamin K1
Phylloquinone is a member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. It has a role as a cofactor, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a vitamin K and a member of phylloquinones. Vitamin K1, also called phylloquinone or phytonadione, is a fat soluble vitamin. Phylloquinone is a cofactor of the enzyme γ-carboxylase, which modifies and activates precursors to coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. It is indicated in the treatment of coagulation disorders due to faulty formation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X caused by deficiency or interference in the activity of vitamin K. Phylloquinone has been synthesized since at least 1939, and was approved by the FDA prior to 1955. Vitamin K1 is a natural product found in Coffea arabica, Stachys annua, and other organisms with data available. Phytonadione is an analogue of the naphthoquinone vitamin K found in plants. The vitamins K are essential for blood coagulation as it is necessary for the hepatic synthesis of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X; deficiency results in a bleeding diathesis. These vitamins are lipo-soluble; absorption via intestinal lymphatics requires the presence of bile salts. (NCI04) Phylloquinone is often called vitamin K1. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. It is found naturally in a wide variety of green plants. Phylloquinone is also an antidote for coumatetralyl. Vitamin K is needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins, mostly required for blood coagulation. A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity. See also: Broccoli (part of); Kale, cooked (part of); Cholecalciferol; phytonadione (component of) ... View More ... Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone or phytonadione, is a polycyclic aromatic ketone, based on 1,4-naphthoquinone, with 2-methyl and 3-phytyl substituents. Vitamin K is a family of phylloquinones that contain a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: vitamin K1 derived from plants, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) from bacteria and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, and vitamin K3 (menadione). Vitamin K1 has only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Vitamin K1 possesses the same type and degree of activity as does naturally-occurring vitamin K, which is necessary for the production via the liver of active prothrombin (factor II), proconvertin (factor VII), plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX), and Stuart factor (factor X). Rich sources of vitamin K1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity. Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. Vitamin K1 is an antidote for coumatetralyl. A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02B - Vitamin k and other hemostatics > B02BA - Vitamin k D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism.
demethylmenaquinone
2,3-epoxyphylloquinone
Myxoquinone-825
Myxoquinone-739
Myxoquinone-843
Myxoquinone-861
II-dihydro-omega-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylmethyl)-menaquinone-6
II,III-tetrahydro-omega-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylmethyl)2,3-epoxymenaquinone-6
II-dihydro-omega-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylmethyl)2,3-epoxymenaquinone-6
2-Demethylmenaquinone-9
Menaquinone-7
Menaquinone-7 is a menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation. It has a role as a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite, a bone density conservation agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a cofactor. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics Menaquinone 7. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2124-57-4 (retrieved 2024-09-09) (CAS RN: 2124-57-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Menaquinone-5
Omega-hydroxymenaquinone-4
A prenylnaphthoquinone obtained by hydroxylation of one of the terminal methyl groups of menaquinone-4.
