(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (BioDeep_00000000011)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000019022, BioDeep_00000622797, BioDeep_00000796591

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol

化学式: C36H62O8 (622.4444452)
中文名称: (S型)人参皂苷Rh2, 人参皂苷 R-Rh2, 20(R)-人参皂甙, 人参皂苷 Rh2, 20(S)-人参皂苷CK, 20(S)-人参皂苷 C-K, 20(R)-人参皂苷 RH2, 20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2, 20(R)-人参皂苷Rh2, 人参皂苷CK
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 0.92%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-07-12.

Cite this Page

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/(20r)-ginsenoside_rh2 (retrieved 2024-11-03) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000011). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1C[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)C(C)(C)[C@]2([H])CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]([C@](O)(C)CC/C=C(\C)/C)([H])[C@@]4([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]3([H])[C@@]12C
InChI: InChI=1S/C36H62O8/c1-20(2)10-9-14-36(8,42)21-11-16-35(7)27(21)22(38)18-25-33(5)15-13-26(32(3,4)24(33)12-17-34(25,35)6)44-31-30(41)29(40)28(39)23(19-37)43-31/h10,21-31,37-42H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,33-,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1

描述信息

(20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, a cardioprotective agent, a bone density conservation agent and a hepatoprotective agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 20-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane.
Ginsenoside Rh2 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng with data available.
A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.
Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.
Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.
Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.
Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

同义名列表

34 个代谢物同义名

(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, (3.BETA.,12.BETA.)-12,20-DIHYDROXYDAMMAR-24-EN-3-YL; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl; (3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; (S)-(3b,12b)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; 12beta,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; 3beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3beta,20beta-diol; 3-O-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-20(S)-PROTOPANAXADIOL; 20S-protopanaxdiol-3-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside; Ginsenoside Rh2; Ginsenoside Rh2, analytical standard; 20-(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)- Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2; (20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2; (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2; (20R)Ginsenoside Rh2; 20S-Ginsenoside Rh2; GINSENOSIDE RH2(S); 20S-GinsenosideRh2; GINSENOSIDE 20-RH2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside; 20(R)-Ginsenoside; ginsenoside C-K; Ginsenoside Rh2; ginsenoside-Rh2; UNII-0JU44A5KWG; GinsenosideRh2; 0JU44A5KWG; 20(S)-Rh2; Ginsenoside K; 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2; Ginsenoside compound K



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(2)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

4 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(2)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(2)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

53 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Hui Ao, Huizhu Song, Jing Li, Xiangtao Wang. Enhanced anti-glioma activity of annonaceous acetogenins based on a novel liposomal co-delivery system with ginsenoside Rh2. Drug delivery. 2024 Dec; 31(1):2324716. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2324716. [PMID: 38555735]
  • Xiyu Liu, Jingjing Li, Qingqing Huang, Mingming Jin, Gang Huang. Ginsenoside Rh2 shifts tumor metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation through regulating the HIF1-α/PDK4 axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 2024 Apr; 30(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-00813-y. [PMID: 38671369]
  • Jiaxin Chen, Zhuoshi Wang, Jinghao Fu, Yuesong Cai, Haoyi Cheng, Xinmu Cui, Manqing Sun, Mingyue Liu, Xuewu Zhang. Ginsenoside compound K induces ferroptosis via the FOXO pathway in liver cancer cells. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2024 Apr; 24(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04471-9. [PMID: 38664638]
  • Subecha Rai, Laishram Shantikumar Singh, Ramanan Uma Shaanker, Kumaraswamy Jeyaram, Tithi Parija, Dinabandhu Sahoo. Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation. Scientific reports. 2024 04; 14(1):9318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56441-3. [PMID: 38654024]
  • Md Niaj Morshed, Md Rezaul Karim, Reshmi Akter, Safia Iqbal, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Jong Chan Ahn, Deok Chun Yang, Joong Hyun Song, Se Chan Kang, Dong Uk Yang. Potential of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Treating Osteoporosis and Obesity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2024 Mar; 30(?):e942899. doi: 10.12659/msm.942899. [PMID: 38509819]
  • Kang-Xi Zhang, Yue Zhu, Shu-Xia Song, Qing-Yun Bu, Xiao-Yan You, Hong Zou, Guo-Ping Zhao. Ginsenoside Rb1, Compound K and 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 Mar; 29(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules29051108. [PMID: 38474620]
  • Juho Lim, Hayeong Kim, Gha-Hyun J Kim, Taeyoon Kim, Choon Gil Kang, Seung Wook Kim, Doman Kim. Enzymatic upcycling of wild-simulated ginseng leaves for enhancing biological activities and compound K. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2024 Feb; 108(1):207. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13028-2. [PMID: 38353757]
  • Hoon Kim, Eun-Jin Jeong, Byungdoo Hwang, Hak-Dong Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Mi Jang, Kwangeun Yeo, Yunjeong Shin, Sanghoon Park, Wan Taek Lim, Woo Jung Kim, Sung-Kwon Moon. Pharmacological effects of biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich preparation (AceCK40) on the colitis symptoms in DSS-induced Caco-2 cells and C57BL mice. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024 Feb; 124(?):155301. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155301. [PMID: 38181531]
  • Lan Yang, Jenny Jie Chen, Brian Sheng-Xian Teo, Jiong Zhang, Mingqiang Jiang. Research Progress on the Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2024 Jan; ?(?):1-14. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x24500095. [PMID: 38291582]
  • Jieyu Long, Wanshan Hu, Tao Ren, Xuewen Wang, Chao Lu, Xin Pan, Chuanbin Wu, Tingting Peng. Combating multidrug resistance of breast cancer with ginsenoside Rh2-irrigated nano-in-thermogel. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2024 Jan; 650(?):123718. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123718. [PMID: 38104849]
  • Hyun Ho Shin, Junyoung Park, Yeo-Jin Kim, Donghyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Jin, Ji Hyun Ryu. Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Janus Nanofibers Containing Compound K for Cartilage Regeneration. International journal of nanomedicine. 2024; 19(?):1683-1697. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s435156. [PMID: 38445226]
  • Chunmei Yang, Cheng Qian, Weiwei Zheng, Guanglu Dong, Shan Zhang, Feihui Wang, Zhonghong Wei, Yuhua Xu, Aiyun Wang, Yang Zhao, Yin Lu. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances immune surveillance of natural killer (NK) cells via inhibition of ERp5 in breast cancer. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024 Jan; 123(?):155180. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155180. [PMID: 38043385]
  • Chao Hong, Anni Wang, Jiaxuan Xia, Jianming Liang, Ying Zhu, Dan Wang, Huaxing Zhan, Chunbo Feng, Xinnan Jiang, Junjie Pan, Jianxin Wang. Ginsenoside Rh2-Based Multifunctional Liposomes for Advanced Breast Cancer Therapy. International journal of nanomedicine. 2024; 19(?):2879-2888. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s437733. [PMID: 38525007]
  • Mu-Yang Huang, Yu-Chi Chen, Wen-Yu Lyu, Xin-Yu He, Zi-Han Ye, Can-Yu Huang, Xin-Ling He, Xiuping Chen, Xiaobing Chen, Baoxian Zhang, Guoyin Kai, Xiaolei Zhang, Ting Li, Mingqing Huang, Jin-Jian Lu. Ginsenoside Rh2 augmented anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by reinvigorating CD8+ T cells via increasing intratumoral CXCL10. Pharmacological research. 2023 Dec; 198(?):106988. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106988. [PMID: 37984507]
  • Tianyang Zhao. Suppression or Inhibition of VEGFs on Splenic Angiosarcoma Cell with Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhi Gan Cao. Studies in health technology and informatics. 2023 Nov; 308(?):396-403. doi: 10.3233/shti230865. [PMID: 38007765]
  • Wenfeng Shen, Paul A Dalby, Zheng Guo, Weina Li, Chenhui Zhu, Daidi Fan. Residue Effect-Guided Design: Engineering of S. Solfataricus β-Glycosidase to Enhance Its Thermostability and Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04575. [PMID: 37812684]
  • Chunyan Yue, Dandan Li, Shuxin Fan, Feng Tao, Yue Yu, Wenjing Lu, Qian Chen, Ahu Yuan, Jinhui Wu, Guoping Zhao, Hong Dong, Yiqiao Hu. Long-term and liver-selected ginsenoside C-K nanoparticles retard NAFLD progression by restoring lipid homeostasis. Biomaterials. 2023 Aug; 301(?):122291. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122291. [PMID: 37619263]
  • Yahui Hu, Shasha He, Xiaolong Xu, Xuran Cui, Yiming Wei, Chunxia Zhao, Haoran Ye, Jingxia Zhao, Qingquan Liu. Shenhuangdan decoction alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury through inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Aug; 318(Pt B):117047. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117047. [PMID: 37586442]
  • Chuanjing Cheng, Jinling Zhang, Kaixin Liu, Yanyan Xu, Fukui Shen, Yanqi Han, Yuanyuan Hou, Tiejun Zhang, Gang Bai. Ginsenoside CK targeting KEAP1-DGR/Kelch domain disrupts the binding between KEAP1 and NRF2-DLG motif to ameliorate oxidative stress damage. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 Jul; 119(?):154992. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154992. [PMID: 37499433]
  • Wei Guan, Wang Qi. Ginsenoside Rh2: A shining and potential natural product in the treatment of human nonmalignant and malignant diseases in the near future. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 Jun; 118(?):154938. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154938. [PMID: 37406390]
  • Feng Li, Meng Meng Chen, Hui Min Zhang, Qing Ping Wu, Yun Bin Han. Production of ginsenoside compound K by microbial cell factory using synthetic biology-based strategy: a review. Biotechnology letters. 2023 Feb; 45(2):163-174. doi: 10.1007/s10529-022-03326-y. [PMID: 36550334]
  • Dong Zhang, Siwei Duan, Zhangyou He, Zeming Zhu, Zhiping Li, Qincheng Yi, Tiantian Cai, Juanjuan Li, Nan Chen, Shaoju Guo. Sijunzi Decoction Targets IL1B and TNF to Reduce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence from Silicon Prediction and Experiment Validation. Drug design, development and therapy. 2023; 17(?):3103-3128. doi: 10.2147/dddt.s428814. [PMID: 37868820]
  • Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Jin-Hyang Park, So Yeon Jeon, Minyeong Pang, Min-Koo Choi, Im-Sook Song. Concomitant Administration of Red Ginseng Extract with Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Plasma Concentration of Deglycosylated Ginsenosides in Healthy Human Subjects. Biomolecules. 2022 12; 12(12):. doi: 10.3390/biom12121896. [PMID: 36551324]
  • Ying Liu, Xinran Wang, Juhui Qiao, Jiawen Wang, Leilei Jiang, Chenxi Wang, Shiting Yu, Peiguang Zhang, Daqing Zhao, Meiling Fan, Meichen Liu. Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces HeLa Apoptosis through Upregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related and Downstream Apoptotic Gene Expression. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Nov; 27(22):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27227865. [PMID: 36431966]
  • Qian Chen, Dongwen Ren, Luokun Liu, Jingge Xu, Yuzheng Wu, Haiyang Yu, Mengyang Liu, Yi Zhang, Tao Wang. Ginsenoside Compound K Ameliorates Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease through Inhibiting TLR4 Activation Induced by Microbially Produced Imidazole Propionate. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Oct; 23(21):. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112863. [PMID: 36361652]
  • Jingjing Zhang, Yangliu Tong, Xun Lu, Fangming Dong, Xiaoxuan Ma, Shiyu Yin, Ying He, Yonghong Liu, Qingchao Liu, Daidi Fan. A derivant of ginsenoside CK and its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. Life sciences. 2022 Sep; 304(?):120698. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120698. [PMID: 35690105]
  • Darcy Lacanilao Garza, Shinya Hanashima, Yuichi Umegawa, Michio Murata, Masanao Kinoshita, Nobuaki Matsumori, Peter Greimel. Behavior of Triterpenoid Saponin Ginsenoside Rh2 in Ordered and Disordered Phases in Model Membranes Consisting of Sphingomyelin, Phosphatidylcholine, and Cholesterol. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. 2022 08; 38(34):10478-10491. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01261. [PMID: 35984899]
  • Woo-Seok Song, Min-Ju Kim, Kyung-Chul Shin, Deok-Kun Oh. Increased Production of Ginsenoside Compound K by Optimizing the Feeding of American Ginseng Extract during Fermentation by Aspergillus tubingensis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2022 Jul; 32(7):902-910. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2203.03059. [PMID: 35719083]
  • Siyu Chen, Ziwei He, Wei Xie, Xuan Chen, Zhuofeng Lin, Jisheng Ma, Zhi Liu, Shihai Yang, Yanfang Wang. Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates CDAHFD-induced liver fibrosis in mice by improving intestinal microbial composition and regulating LPS-mediated autophagy. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2022 Jul; 101(?):154121. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154121. [PMID: 35489327]
  • Jie Xu, Jinxiang Dong, Hongyue Ding, Bei Wang, Yuqi Wang, Zhidong Qiu, Fan Yao. Ginsenoside compound K inhibits obesity-induced insulin resistance by regulation of macrophage recruitment and polarization via activating PPARγ. Food & function. 2022 Mar; 13(6):3561-3571. doi: 10.1039/d1fo04273d. [PMID: 35260867]
  • Jingjing Zhang, Xiaoxuan Ma, Daidi Fan. Ginsenoside CK ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation via activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Food & function. 2022 Feb; 13(3):1153-1167. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03026d. [PMID: 35018944]
  • Li Yang, Lingjie Zheng, Xiaonv Xie, Junjia Luo, Jing Yu, Lihua Zhang, Wenhui Meng, Yingen Zhou, Ling Chen, Dongsheng Ouyang, Honghao Zhou, Zhirong Tan. Targeting PLA2G16, a lipid metabolism gene, by Ginsenoside Compound K to suppress the malignant progression of colorectal cancer. Journal of advanced research. 2022 02; 36(?):265-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.009. [PMID: 35127176]
  • Zhongwen Qi, Zhipeng Yan, Yueyao Wang, Nan Ji, Xiaoya Yang, Ao Zhang, Meng Li, Fengqin Xu, Junping Zhang. Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Improves Exosomes to Alleviate Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Injury. Frontiers in immunology. 2022; 13(?):883946. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883946. [PMID: 35865525]
  • Xin-Ling He, Xiao-Huang Xu, Jia-Jie Shi, Mingqing Huang, Yitao Wang, Xiuping Chen, Jin-Jian Lu. Anticancer Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2: A Systematic Review. Current molecular pharmacology. 2022; 15(1):179-189. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210309115105. [PMID: 33687905]
  • Mu Seong Ban, Yun Kim, Sunyoung Lee, ByongYeul Han, Kyung-Sang Yu, In-Jin Jang, Hong Keun Chung, SeungHwan Lee. Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Compound K From a Compound K Fermentation Product, CK-30, and From Red Ginseng Extract in Healthy Korean Subjects. Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2021 11; 10(11):1358-1364. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.949. [PMID: 33884767]
  • Su-Nyeong Jang, So-Young Park, Hyunyoung Lee, Hyojin Jeong, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Im-Sook Song, Mi Jeong Kwon, Kwang-Hyeon Liu. In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2021 Oct; 51(10):1087-1094. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1963503. [PMID: 34338601]
  • Chenfei Li, Yuan Liang, Yantong Sun, Wencheng Wang, Jie Zhang, Tiehua Zhang. Elucidation of interaction between serum albumin and ginsenoside CK along with cytotoxic study. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2021 Sep; 155(?):112403. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112403. [PMID: 34246707]
  • Suwei Tang, Lingli Yang, Yasutaka Kuroda, Sylvia Lai, Shaoqiong Xie, Huimin Zhang, Ichiro Katayama. Herb Sanqi-Derived Compound K Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Melanocytes and Improves Oxidative-Stress-Related Leukoderma in Guinea Pigs. Cells. 2021 08; 10(8):. doi: 10.3390/cells10082057. [PMID: 34440826]
  • Bei Wang, Jinxiang Dong, Jie Xu, Zhidong Qiu, Fan Yao. Ginsenoside CK inhibits obese insulin resistance by activating PPARγ to interfere with macrophage activation. Microbial pathogenesis. 2021 Aug; 157(?):105002. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105002. [PMID: 34051328]
  • Hyuk Gyu Han, Hyo-Jung Lee, Deok Yong Sim, Eunji Im, Ji Eon Park, Woon Yi Park, Seok Young Kim, Jae-Ho Khil, Bum Sang Shim, Sung-Hoon Kim. Suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase pathway. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021 Aug; 35(8):4547-4554. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7157. [PMID: 34132431]
  • B Shen, F Wang, Y Zhou, T Li, C He, W Zhao. [Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits renal fibrosis and renal cell apoptosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy by downregulating discoid domain receptor 1]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2021 Jul; 41(7):1107-1113. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.07.21. [PMID: 34308864]
  • In-Hee Baik, Kyung-Hee Kim, Kyung-Ae Lee. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Effects of Ginsenoside Compound K Enriched Extract Derived from Ginseng Sprouts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Jul; 26(13):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26134102. [PMID: 34279442]
  • Hao Wang, Fangfei Qu, Ting Xin, Wei Sun, Huimin He, Lijun Du. Ginsenoside Compound K Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Schwann Cells via the Activation of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Neurochemical research. 2021 Jun; 46(6):1400-1409. doi: 10.1007/s11064-021-03279-0. [PMID: 33738663]
  • Zhenlei Wang, Rui Liu, Li Chen, Huanhuan Wang, Mi Zhou, Yongsheng Wang, Yongping Qin. Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Rh2, the Major Anticancer Ingredient of Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills, in Healthy Subjects. Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2021 06; 10(6):669-674. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.877. [PMID: 33021081]
  • Shuqiu Chen, Haihong Ye, Fanger Gong, Suming Mao, Cong Li, Bin Xu, Yu Ren, Rui Yu. Ginsenoside compound K exerts antitumour effects in renal cell carcinoma via regulation of ROS and lncRNA THOR. Oncology reports. 2021 04; 45(4):. doi: 10.3892/or.2021.7989. [PMID: 33649829]
  • Jee Youn Lee, Hae Young Choi, Chan Sol Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Tae Young Yune. Total saponin extract, ginsenoside Rb1, and compound K alleviate peripheral and central neuropathic pain through estrogen receptors on rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021 Apr; 35(4):2119-2132. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6960. [PMID: 33205558]
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