Glutamylalanine (BioDeep_00000873116)

描述信息

Glutamylalanine is a naturally occurring dipeptide. Glutamylalanine is essential in the supply of glutamate to human erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes are essentially impermeable to glutamate and yet there is a continual requirement for the amino acid for glutathione synthesis. In addition, the intracellular glutamate concentration is approximately five times that of plasma. Glutamylalanine enters the human erythrocyte through saturable membrane-transport systems describable by Michaelis- Menten kinetics. The cytosolic red cell peptidases have a vast capacity to hydrolyse the dipeptide in a process also describable by simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The transport process is the rate-determining step in the pathway leading to the production of intracellular glutamate from extracellular glutamylalanine. Glutamylalanine is transported by the human oligopeptide transporter, hPepT1, situated in the small intestine, which is involved in the absorption of nutrient oligopeptides and transports numerous di- and tripeptides. This active transport is being tested for use as a strategy to increase the permeability across the intestine for larger biologically active molecules with low intestinal permeability, in a therapeutic attempt to transport dipeptide-coupled active drug substances via hPepT1. (PMID: 2860897, 11557350) [HMDB]

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