Nonadecanoyl-CoA (BioDeep_00000055121)
human metabolite Endogenous
代谢物信息卡片
化学式: C40H72N7O17P3S (1047.3918052)
中文名称:
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCN=C(O)CCN=C(O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12
InChI: InChI=1S/C40H72N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-31(49)68-24-23-42-30(48)21-22-43-38(52)35(51)40(2,3)26-61-67(58,59)64-66(56,57)60-25-29-34(63-65(53,54)55)33(50)39(62-29)47-28-46-32-36(41)44-27-45-37(32)47/h27-29,33-35,39,50-51H,4-26H2,1-3H3,(H,42,48)(H,43,52)(H,56,57)(H,58,59)(H2,41,44,45)(H2,53,54,55)
描述信息
Nonadecanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nonadecanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nonadecanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 19 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nonadecanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nonadecanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Nonadecanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Nonadecanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Nonadecanoyl-CoA into nonadecanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nonadecanoylcarnitine is converted back to Nonadecanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Nonadecanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Nonadecanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Nonadecanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the ...
同义名列表
10 个代谢物同义名
4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidic acid; 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidic acid; 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate; 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate; 4-[({[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidic acid; [5-(6-AMINOPURIN-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulphanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid; [5-(6-AMINOPURIN-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulphanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonate; [5-(6-AMINOPURIN-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(nonadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonate; nonadecanoyl-coenzyme A(4-); Nonadecanoyl-CoA
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