Delphinidin (BioDeep_00000396445)
PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 PANOMIX-Anthocyanidin
代谢物信息卡片
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride (1:1)
化学式: C15H11ClO7 (338.0193286)
中文名称: 飞燕草素DP, 氯化飞燕草素, 氯化翠雀啶, 氯化花翠素, 液体石蜡
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 17.24%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O.[Cl-]
InChI: 1H
描述信息
Transparent colorless oily liquid. Practically tasteless and odorless, even when warmed. (NTP, 1992)
Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. It contains a delphinidin.
同义名列表
27 个代谢物同义名
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride (1:1); 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenyliumchloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 3,3,4,5,5,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; Flavylium 3,3,4,5,5,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3,4,5,5,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; Delphinidin (chloride); Delphinidin chloride; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidinchloride; DELPHINIDIN [MI]; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; Paraffin oil; Delphinidine; Delphinidin; Delphinidol; EM6MD4AEHE; PARAFFIN; Ephdine
数据库引用编号
10 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:38701
- PubChem: 68245
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL590878
- Wikipedia: Delphinidin
- MeSH: delphinidin
- ChemIDplus: 0000528530
- CAS: 8012-95-1
- CAS: 528-53-0
- medchemexpress: HY-N2409
- RefMet: Delphinidin
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
- 569774 - 金线莲: -
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Sergio R Zúñiga-Hernández, Trinidad García-Iglesias, Monserrat Macías-Carballo, Alejandro Pérez-Larios, Yanet Karina Gutiérrez-Mercado, Gabriela Camargo-Hernández, Christian Martin Rodríguez-Razón. Targets and Effects of Common Biocompounds of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Delphinidin-3-Sambubiosid, Quercetin, and Hibiscus Acid) in Different Pathways of Human Cells According to a Bioinformatic Assay.
Nutrients.
2024 Feb; 16(4):. doi:
10.3390/nu16040566. [PMID: 38398890] - Juliana Gimenez Casagrande, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Dalila Cunha de Oliveira, Bruna J Quintanilha, Vinícius Cooper Capetini, Edson Naoto Makiyama, Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves, Carlos Eduardo da Silva Gonçalves, Sumara de Freitas, Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto, Ricardo Ambrósio Fock. Effects of grape juice intake on the cell migration properties in overweight women: Modulation mechanisms of cell migration in vitro by delphinidin-3-O-glucoside.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.).
2024 Feb; 178(?):113873. doi:
10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113873. [PMID: 38309895] - Naymul Karim, Shiyu Liu, Ahmed K Rashwan, Jiahong Xie, Jianling Mo, Ahmed I Osman, David W Rooney, Wei Chen. Green synthesis of nanolipo-fibersomes using Nutriose® FB 06 for delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside delivery: Characterization, physicochemical properties, and application.
International journal of biological macromolecules.
2023 Aug; 247(?):125839. doi:
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Free radical biology & medicine.
2022 08; 188(?):71-82. doi:
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Natural product research.
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Journal of dietary supplements.
2022 May; ?(?):1-16. doi:
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Food & function.
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Redox biology.
2018 09; 18(?):16-24. doi:
10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.012. [PMID: 29890336] - Marcela Parra-Vargas, Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez, Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria, Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales, Arturo Santos-Garcia, Juan Armendariz-Borunda. Delphinidin Ameliorates Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation in Human HepG2 Cells, but Not in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
Nutrients.
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Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
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Phytochemistry.
2014 Jul; 103(?):38-49. doi:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.024. [PMID: 24735825] - Qian Lou, Yali Liu, Yinyan Qi, Shuzhen Jiao, Feifei Tian, Ling Jiang, Yuejin Wang. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis reveals the role of delphinidin metabolism in flower colour in grape hyacinth.
Journal of experimental botany.
2014 Jul; 65(12):3157-64. doi:
10.1093/jxb/eru168. [PMID: 24790110] - J Hidalgo, C Flores, M A Hidalgo, M Perez, A Yañez, L Quiñones, D D Caceres, R A Burgos. Delphinol® standardized maqui berry extract reduces postprandial blood glucose increase in individuals with impaired glucose regulation by novel mechanism of sodium glucose cotransporter inhibition.
Panminerva medica.
2014 Jun; 56(2 Suppl 3):1-7. doi:
. [PMID: 24861886] - Kenjirou Ogawa, Yoshiki Kuse, Kazuhiro Tsuruma, Saori Kobayashi, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Hideaki Hara. Protective effects of bilberry and lingonberry extracts against blue light-emitting diode light-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage in vitro.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.
2014 Apr; 14(?):120. doi:
10.1186/1472-6882-14-120. [PMID: 24690313] - Bojana Miladinović, Milica Kostić, Katarina Šavikin, Boban Đorđević, Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev, Slavoljub Živanović, Dušanka Kitić. Chemical profile and antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of juices and extracts of 4 black currants varieties (Ribes nigrum L.).
Journal of food science.
2014 Mar; 79(3):C301-9. doi:
10.1111/1750-3841.12364. [PMID: 24506271] - Elika Hoss, Heather R Austin, Shane F Batie, Peter W Jurutka, Mark R Haussler, G Kerr Whitfield. Control of late cornified envelope genes relevant to psoriasis risk: upregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and plant-derived delphinidin.
Archives of dermatological research.
2013 Dec; 305(10):867-78. doi:
10.1007/s00403-013-1390-1. [PMID: 23839497] - Amir Gharib, Zohreh Faezizadeh, Masoud Godarzee. Treatment of diabetes in the mouse model by delphinidin and cyanidin hydrochloride in free and liposomal forms.
Planta medica.
2013 Nov; 79(17):1599-604. doi:
10.1055/s-0033-1350908. [PMID: 24108435] - Keisuke Sakaguchi, Junichi Kitajima, Tsukasa Iwashina. Acylated delphinidin glycosides from violet and violet-blue flowers of Clematis cultivars and their coloration.
Natural product communications.
2013 Nov; 8(11):1563-6. doi:
. [PMID: 24427942] - Naonobu Noda, Ryutaro Aida, Sanae Kishimoto, Kanako Ishiguro, Masako Fukuchi-Mizutani, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Akemi Ohmiya. Genetic engineering of novel bluer-colored chrysanthemums produced by accumulation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins.
Plant & cell physiology.
2013 Oct; 54(10):1684-95. doi:
10.1093/pcp/pct111. [PMID: 23926063] - Filippa Brugliera, Guo-Qing Tao, Ursula Tems, Gianna Kalc, Ekaterina Mouradova, Kym Price, Kim Stevenson, Noriko Nakamura, Iolanda Stacey, Yukihisa Katsumoto, Yoshikazu Tanaka, John G Mason. Violet/blue chrysanthemums--metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway results in novel petal colors.
Plant & cell physiology.
2013 Oct; 54(10):1696-710. doi:
10.1093/pcp/pct110. [PMID: 23926066] - Hui Wang, Lucie Conchou, Jean-Marie Bessière, Guillaume Cazals, Bertrand Schatz, Eric Imbert. Flower color polymorphism in Iris lutescens (Iridaceae): biochemical analyses in light of plant-insect interactions.
Phytochemistry.
2013 Oct; 94(?):123-34. doi:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.007. [PMID: 23790644] - Junji Tanaka, Takashi Kadekaru, Kenjirou Ogawa, Shoketsu Hitoe, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hideaki Hara. Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) and the constituent delphinidin glycoside inhibit photoreceptor cell death induced by visible light.
Food chemistry.
2013 Aug; 139(1-4):129-37. doi:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.036. [PMID: 23561088] - Barizza Elisabetta, Guzzo Flavia, Fanton Paolo, Lucchini Giorgio, Sacchi G Attilio, Lo Schiavo Fiorella, Nascimbene Juri. Nutritional profile and productivity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in different habitats of a protected area of the eastern Italian Alps.
Journal of food science.
2013 May; 78(5):C673-8. doi:
10.1111/1750-3841.12120. [PMID: 23573813] - Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, Jing Wang, Anne L Møller, Jacob Krake, Torben Lund, Poul Erik Hansen, Søren Laurentius Nielsen. Differences in the structure of anthocyanins from the two amphibious plants, Lobelia cardinalis and Nesaea crassicaulis.
Natural product research.
2013 Apr; 27(7):654-64. doi:
10.1080/14786419.2012.688046. [PMID: 22694738] - Silvia Vignolini, Matthew P Davey, Richard M Bateman, Paula J Rudall, Edwige Moyroud, Julia Tratt, Svante Malmgren, Ullrich Steiner, Beverley J Glover. The mirror crack'd: both pigment and structure contribute to the glossy blue appearance of the mirror orchid, Ophrys speculum.
The New phytologist.
2012 Dec; 196(4):1038-1047. doi:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04356.x. [PMID: 23043621] - Siddheshwar K Chauthe, Ram Jee Sharma, Farrukh Aqil, Ramesh C Gupta, Inder Pal Singh. Quantitative NMR: an applicable method for quantitative analysis of medicinal plant extracts and herbal products.
Phytochemical analysis : PCA.
2012 Nov; 23(6):689-96. doi:
10.1002/pca.2375. [PMID: 22707000] - Satoshi Tsuyuki, Sayuri Fukui, Akari Watanabe, Satoshi Akune, Mizuki Tanabe, Kenichi Yoshida. Delphinidin induces autolysosome as well as autophagosome formation and delphinidin-induced autophagy exerts a cell protective role.
Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology.
2012 Nov; 26(11):445-53. doi:
10.1002/jbt.21443. [PMID: 23129091] - Adilson Pereira Domingues Júnior, Milton Massao Shimizu, Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva Moura, Rodrigo Ramos Catharino, Rômulo Augusto Ramos, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Paulo Mazzafera. Looking for the physiological role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Coffea arabica.
Photochemistry and photobiology.
2012 Jul; 88(4):928-37. doi:
10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01125.x. [PMID: 22372995] - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Tania Cifuentes-Gomez, Setareh Tabatabaee, Caroline Lecras, Jeremy P E Spencer. Procyanidin, anthocyanin, and chlorogenic acid contents of highbush and lowbush blueberries.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2012 Jun; 60(23):5772-8. doi:
10.1021/jf203812w. [PMID: 22175691] - Carol Moreau, Mike J Ambrose, Lynda Turner, Lionel Hill, T H Noel Ellis, Julie M I Hofer. The B gene of pea encodes a defective flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, and confers pink flower color.
Plant physiology.
2012 Jun; 159(2):759-68. doi:
10.1104/pp.112.197517. [PMID: 22492867] - Hirofumi Inoue, Mari Maeda-Yamamoto, Atsushi Nesumi, Akira Murakami. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside protects mouse hepatocytes from (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced cytotoxicity via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70.
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.).
2012 May; 32(5):357-64. doi:
10.1016/j.nutres.2012.04.001. [PMID: 22652375] - XianLin Zhang, YaJun Liu, KeJun Gao, Lei Zhao, Li Liu, YunSheng Wang, MeiLian Sun, LiPing Gao, Tao Xia. Characterisation of anthocyanidin reductase from Shuchazao green tea.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.
2012 May; 92(7):1533-9. doi:
10.1002/jsfa.4739. [PMID: 22173936] - Tsung-Yen Wu, Cheng-Chih Tsai, Yi-Ting Hwang, Tsai-Hsin Chiu. Effect of antioxidant activity and functional properties of Chingshey purple sweet potato fermented milk by Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, and L. gasseri strains.
Journal of food science.
2012 Jan; 77(1):M2-8. doi:
10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02507.x. [PMID: 22182227] - Masaomi Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Hachiya, Yutaka Saito, Kengo Sato, Yasubumi Sakakibara. An efficient algorithm for de novo predictions of biochemical pathways between chemical compounds.
BMC bioinformatics.
2012; 13 Suppl 17(?):S8. doi:
10.1186/1471-2105-13-s17-s8. [PMID: 23282285] - Yusuke Akita, Satoshi Kitamura, Yoshihiro Hase, Issay Narumi, Hiroshi Ishizaka, Emiko Kondo, Naoko Kameari, Masayoshi Nakayama, Natsu Tanikawa, Yasumasa Morita, Atsushi Tanaka. Isolation and characterization of the fragrant cyclamen O-methyltransferase involved in flower coloration.
Planta.
2011 Dec; 234(6):1127-36. doi:
10.1007/s00425-011-1466-0. [PMID: 21735197] - Zhenchang Liang, Min Sang, Peige Fan, Benhong Wu, Lijun Wang, Shuhua Yang, Shaohua Li. CIELAB coordinates in response to berry skin anthocyanins and their composition in Vitis.
Journal of food science.
2011 Apr; 76(3):C490-7. doi:
10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02095.x. [PMID: 21535819] - Yoosoo Yang, Jae Yoon Shin, Jung-Mi Oh, Chang Hwa Jung, Yunha Hwang, Sehyun Kim, Jun-Seob Kim, Kee-Jung Yoon, Ji-Young Ryu, Jaeil Shin, Jae Sung Hwang, Tae-Young Yoon, Yeon-Kyun Shin, Dae-Hyuk Kweon. Dissection of SNARE-driven membrane fusion and neuroexocytosis by wedging small hydrophobic molecules into the SNARE zipper.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
2010 Dec; 107(51):22145-50. doi:
10.1073/pnas.1006899108. [PMID: 21135223] - Alberto Jiménez, Patricia Lisa-Santamaría, Matilde García-Marino, María Teresa Escribano-Bailón, Julián C Rivas-Gonzalo, José L Revuelta. The biological activity of the wine anthocyanins delphinidin and petunidin is mediated through Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
FEMS yeast research.
2010 Nov; 10(7):858-69. doi:
10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00679.x. [PMID: 20846146] - Henry D Schreiber, Amy M Swink, Taylor D Godsey. The chemical mechanism for Al3+ complexing with delphinidin: a model for the bluing of hydrangea sepals.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry.
2010 Jul; 104(7):732-9. doi:
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.03.006. [PMID: 20394986] - Robert Domitrović, Hrvoje Jakovac. Antifibrotic activity of anthocyanidin delphinidin in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Toxicology.
2010 Jun; 272(1-3):1-10. doi:
10.1016/j.tox.2010.03.016. [PMID: 20371262] - Liangliang Zhang, Jiahong Chen, Yongmei Wang, Dongmei Wu, Man Xu. Phenolic extracts from Acacia mangium bark and their antioxidant activities.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).
2010 May; 15(5):3567-77. doi:
10.3390/molecules15053567. [PMID: 20657499] - Chun-Ye Chen, Long Yi, Xin Jin, Man-Tian Mi, Ting Zhang, Wen-Hua Ling, Bin Yu. Delphinidin attenuates stress injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Chemico-biological interactions.
2010 Jan; 183(1):105-12. doi:
10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.024. [PMID: 19818742] - Sarmad Hanif, Uzma Shamim, M F Ullah, Asfar S Azmi, Showket H Bhat, S M Hadi. The anthocyanidin delphinidin mobilizes endogenous copper ions from human lymphocytes leading to oxidative degradation of cellular DNA.
Toxicology.
2008 Jul; 249(1):19-25. doi:
10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.024. [PMID: 18486296] - Sylvie Lamy, Edith Beaulieu, David Labbé, Valérie Bédard, Albert Moghrabi, Stéphane Barrette, Denis Gingras, Richard Béliveau. Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor ligand/receptor (PDGF/PDGFR) signaling.
Carcinogenesis.
2008 May; 29(5):1033-41. doi:
10.1093/carcin/bgn070. [PMID: 18339683] - Yukihisa Katsumoto, Masako Fukuchi-Mizutani, Yuko Fukui, Filippa Brugliera, Timothy A Holton, Mirko Karan, Noriko Nakamura, Keiko Yonekura-Sakakibara, Junichi Togami, Alix Pigeaire, Guo-Qing Tao, Narender S Nehra, Chin-Yi Lu, Barry K Dyson, Shinzo Tsuda, Toshihiko Ashikari, Takaaki Kusumi, John G Mason, Yoshikazu Tanaka. Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin.
Plant & cell physiology.
2007 Nov; 48(11):1589-600. doi:
10.1093/pcp/pcm131. [PMID: 17925311] - Keith W Singletary, Kwan-Jae Jung, Monica Giusti. Anthocyanin-rich grape extract blocks breast cell DNA damage.
Journal of medicinal food.
2007 Jun; 10(2):244-51. doi:
10.1089/jmf.2006.258. [PMID: 17651059] - Luciana Azevedo, Patrícia L Alves de Lima, José C Gomes, Paulo C Stringheta, Daniel A Ribeiro, Daisy M F Salvadori. Differential response related to genotoxicity between eggplant (Solanum melanogena) skin aqueous extract and its main purified anthocyanin (delphinidin) in vivo.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.
2007 May; 45(5):852-8. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2006.11.004. [PMID: 17194516] - Christian Seitz, Matthias Vitten, Peter Steinbach, Sabrina Hartl, Jörg Hirsche, Wiebke Rathje, Dieter Treutter, Gert Forkmann. Redirection of anthocyanin synthesis in Osteospermum hybrida by a two-enzyme manipulation strategy.
Phytochemistry.
2007 Mar; 68(6):824-33. doi:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.12.012. [PMID: 17286993] - Orjan Bjorøy, Torgils Fossen, Oyvind M Andersen. Anthocyanin 3-galactosides from Cornus alba 'Sibirica' with glucosidation of the B-ring.
Phytochemistry.
2007 Mar; 68(5):640-5. doi:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.028. [PMID: 17207823] - Takashi Fujihara, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi, Tetsuo Ozawa, Osamu Numata. High-molecular-weight polyphenols from oolong tea and black tea: purification, some properties, and role in increasing mitochondrial membrane potential.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
2007 Mar; 71(3):711-9. doi:
10.1271/bbb.60562. [PMID: 17341825] - Farrukh Afaq, Deeba N Syed, Arshi Malik, Naghma Hadi, Sami Sarfaraz, Mee-Hyang Kweon, Naghma Khan, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Hasan Mukhtar. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.
2007 Jan; 127(1):222-32. doi:
10.1038/sj.jid.5700510. [PMID: 16902416] - Xianli Wu, Gary R Beecher, Joanne M Holden, David B Haytowitz, Susan E Gebhardt, Ronald L Prior. Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2006 May; 54(11):4069-75. doi:
10.1021/jf060300l. [PMID: 16719536] - Simone D Castellarin, Gabriele Di Gaspero, Raffaella Marconi, Alberto Nonis, Enrico Peterlunger, Sophie Paillard, Anne-Francoise Adam-Blondon, Raffaele Testolin. Colour variation in red grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.): genomic organisation, expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes and related metabolite profiling of red cyanidin-/blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins in berry skin.
BMC genomics.
2006 Jan; 7(?):12. doi:
10.1186/1471-2164-7-12. [PMID: 16433923] - P A Nimal Punyasiri, Sarath B Abeysinghe, Vijaya Kumar. Preformed and induced chemical resistance of tea leaf against Exobasidium vexans infection.
Journal of chemical ecology.
2005 Jun; 31(6):1315-24. doi:
10.1007/s10886-005-5288-z. [PMID: 16222773] - Young P Jang, Jilin Zhou, Koji Nakanishi, Janet R Sparrow. Anthocyanins protect against A2E photooxidation and membrane permeabilization in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Photochemistry and photobiology.
2005 May; 81(3):529-36. doi:
10.1562/2004-12-14-ra-402. [PMID: 15745429]