Cilostazol (BioDeep_00000033303)
human metabolite blood metabolite
代谢物信息卡片
6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-one
化学式: C20H27N5O2 (369.2164642)
中文名称: 西洛他唑
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 66.67%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1CCC(CC1)N2C(=NN=N2)CCCCOC3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CC4
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H27N5O2/c26-20-12-9-15-14-17(10-11-18(15)21-20)27-13-5-4-8-19-22-23-24-25(19)16-6-2-1-3-7-16/h10-11,14,16H,1-9,12-13H2,(H,21,26)
描述信息
Cilostazol is a medication used in the alleviation of the symptom of intermittent claudication in individuals with peripheral vascular disease. It is manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Pletal. Although drugs similar to cilostazol have increased the risk of death in patients with congestive heart failure, studies of significant size have not addressed people without the disease. [Wikipedia]
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AC - Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors > D058987 - Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents
C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C1327 - Antiplatelet Agent
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C744 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents
D020011 - Protective Agents
同义名列表
9 个代谢物同义名
6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-one; 6-[4-(1-Cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one; 3,4-Dihydro-6-(4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 6-(4-(1-Cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone; 6-(4-(1-Cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy)-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril; Cilostazolum; Cilostazole; Cilostazol; Pletal
数据库引用编号
9 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:31401
- PubChem: 2754
- HMDB: HMDB0015297
- DrugBank: DB01166
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL799
- Wikipedia: Cilostazol
- MeSH: Cilostazol
- chemspider: 2652
- CAS: 73963-72-1
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
1 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Minji Sohn, Soo Lim. The Role of Cilostazol, a Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor, in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology: A Review with Meta-Analysis.
International journal of molecular sciences.
2024 Feb; 25(5):. doi:
10.3390/ijms25052593. [PMID: 38473840] - Serdar Sahinturk. Cilostazol induces vasorelaxation through the activation of the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway, prostanoids, AMPK, PKC, potassium channels, and calcium channels.
Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators.
2023 Sep; 169(?):106782. doi:
10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106782. [PMID: 37741358] - Joon Beom Park, Kangeun Ko, Yang Hyun Baek, Woo Young Kwon, Sunghwan Suh, Song-Hee Han, Yun Hak Kim, Hye Young Kim, Young Hyun Yoo. Pharmacological Prevention of Ectopic Erythrophagocytosis by Cilostazol Mitigates Ferroptosis in NASH.
International journal of molecular sciences.
2023 Aug; 24(16):. doi:
10.3390/ijms241612862. [PMID: 37629045] - Túlio de Almeida Hermes, Rafael Dias Mâncio, Daniela Sayuri Mizobutti, Aline Barbosa Macedo, Larissa Akemi Kido, Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete, Elaine Minatel. Cilostazol attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in the quadriceps muscle of the dystrophic mouse experimental model.
International journal of experimental pathology.
2023 02; 104(1):13-22. doi:
10.1111/iep.12461. [PMID: 36565167] - Po-Wei Chen, Shih-Ya Tseng, Hsien-Yuan Chang, Cheng-Han Lee, Ting-Hsing Chao. Diverse Effects of Cilostazol on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 between Obesity and Non-Obesity.
International journal of molecular sciences.
2022 Aug; 23(17):. doi:
10.3390/ijms23179768. [PMID: 36077166] - María M Adeva-Andany, Carlos Fernández-Fernández, Natalia Carneiro-Freire, Elvira Castro-Quintela, Matilde Vila-Altesor, Manuel González-Lucán. Cardiovascular Protection Associated With Cilostazol, Colchicine, and Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.
2022 07; 80(1):31-43. doi:
10.1097/fjc.0000000000001276. [PMID: 35384911] - Rosane de Oliveira Lopes, Gabriel Ferreira Lima, Ana Beatriz Araújo Mendes, Lis Jappour Autran, Nikolas Cunha de Assis Pereira, Stephani Correia Brazão, Beatriz Alexandre-Santos, Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz, Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello, Fernanda Carla Ferreira Brito, Nadia Alice Vieira Motta. Cilostazol attenuates cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology.
2022 07; 395(7):789-801. doi:
10.1007/s00210-022-02233-3. [PMID: 35384464] - Hyungdon Kook, Cheol Woong Yu, Donghoon Choi, Tae Hoon Ahn, Kiyuk Chang, Jin-Man Cho, Soo-Joong Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Deok-Kyu Cho, Sang-Hyun Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Han-Young Jin, In-Ho Chae, Kihwan Kwon, Sung Gyun Ahn, Ju Han Kim, Sang-Rok Lee, Jeong-Su Kim, Seok Yeon Kim, Sang Wook Lim. Efficacy and Safety of SID142 in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase III Clinical Trial.
Clinical therapeutics.
2022 04; 44(4):508-528. doi:
10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.01.016. [PMID: 35410753] - Xue Li, Rong Wang, Yan Huo, Anpeng Zhao, Wenbin Li, Shilan Feng. Pharmacodynamic of cilostazol for anti-altitude hypoxia.
Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences.
2022 Feb; 47(2):202-210. doi:
10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.200972. [PMID: 35545410] - Mohammed A Abosheasha, Afnan H El-Gowily, Abdo A Elfiky. Potential antiviral properties of antiplatelet agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection: an in silico perspective.
Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis.
2022 Feb; 53(2):273-281. doi:
10.1007/s11239-021-02558-5. [PMID: 34510337] - Zeinab Mahmoud Saeed, Monira Ismail Khattab, Nadia Esmat Khorshid, Amal Elsayed Salem. Ellagic acid and cilostazol ameliorate amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by downregulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
PloS one.
2022; 17(7):e0271591. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0271591. [PMID: 35849599] - Xinyu Liang, Yuzhen Wang, Cheng Zhao, Yemin Cao. Systematic review the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, pentoxifylline, beraprost in the treatment of intermittent claudication: A network meta-analysis.
PloS one.
2022; 17(11):e0275392. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0275392. [PMID: 36318524] - Jyoti, Carlo Gonzato, Teresa Żołek, Dorota Maciejewska, Andrzej Kutner, Franck Merlier, Karsten Haupt, Piyush Sindhu Sharma, Krzysztof R Noworyta, Wlodzimierz Kutner. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles-based electrochemical chemosensors for selective determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active primary metabolite in human plasma.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.
2021 Dec; 193(?):113542. doi:
10.1016/j.bios.2021.113542. [PMID: 34391178] - Adam de Havenon, Kevin N Sheth, Tracy E Madsen, Karen C Johnston, Tanya N Turan, Kazunori Toyoda, Jordan J Elm, Joanna M Wardlaw, S Claiborne Johnston, Olajide A Williams, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Maarten G Lansberg. Cilostazol for Secondary Stroke Prevention: History, Evidence, Limitations, and Possibilities.
Stroke.
2021 10; 52(10):e635-e645. doi:
10.1161/strokeaha.121.035002. [PMID: 34517768] - Yuting Shen, Bo Jiang, Xinhua Hu, Jinliang Chen, Yichao Xu, Zourong Ruan, Dandan Yang, Honggang Lou. A new simple method for quantification of cilostazol and its active metabolite in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetics of cilostazol associated with CYP genotypes in healthy Chinese population.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2021 Oct; 35(10):e5150. doi:
10.1002/bmc.5150. [PMID: 33894005] - Hao Zhou, Min Zhang, Ling Sun, Wenfang Li, Qian Liu. A simple LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cilostazol and ambroxol in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma and its application to drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study following oral delivery in rats.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2021 Aug; 1179(?):122766. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122766. [PMID: 34247102] - Walaa Wadie, Nermeen S Abdel-Razek, Hesham A Salem. Phosphodiesterase (1, 3 & 5) inhibitors attenuate diclofenac-induced acute kidney toxicity in rats.
Life sciences.
2021 Jul; 277(?):119506. doi:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119506. [PMID: 33865881] - Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
Cell reports.
2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi:
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017] - Zhongcheng Cao, Qing Song, Guangjun Yu, Zhuoling Liu, Shiqing Cong, Zhenghuai Tan, Yong Deng. Novel 3-benzylidene/benzylphthalide Mannich base derivatives as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2021 04; 35(?):116074. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116074. [PMID: 33640707] - Mohammed A Abosheasha, Afnan H El-Gowily. Superiority of cilostazol among antiplatelet FDA-approved drugs against COVID 19 Mpro and spike protein: Drug repurposing approach.
Drug development research.
2021 04; 82(2):217-229. doi:
10.1002/ddr.21743. [PMID: 32984987] - Ying Xue, Zi Wang, Hongyi Wu, Xiaoye Li, Jiahui Chen, Qianzhou Lv. Cilostazol increases adenosine plasma concentration in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.
2021 Apr; 46(2):328-332. doi:
10.1111/jcpt.13284. [PMID: 33052628] - Nadia Alice Vieira Motta, Lis Jappour Autran, Stephani Correia Brazão, Rosane de Oliveira Lopes, Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello, Gabriel Ferreira Lima, Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito. Could cilostazol be beneficial in COVID-19 treatment? Thinking about phosphodiesterase-3 as a therapeutic target.
International immunopharmacology.
2021 Mar; 92(?):107336. doi:
10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107336. [PMID: 33418248] - Seung Ki Kim, Geon Kim, Bo-Hyun Choi, Dayoung Ryu, Sae-Kwang Ku, Mi-Kyoung Kwak. Negative correlation of urinary miR-199a-3p level with ameliorating effects of sarpogrelate and cilostazol in hypertensive diabetic nephropathy.
Biochemical pharmacology.
2021 02; 184(?):114391. doi:
10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114391. [PMID: 33359069] - Rania A Elrashidy, Rehab A Hasan. Cilostazol preconditioning alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats: Mechanistic insights into SIRT1 signaling pathway.
Life sciences.
2021 Feb; 266(?):118822. doi:
10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118822. [PMID: 33275987] - Ömer Faruk Gülaştı, Şadan Yavuz, Ali Ahmet Arıkan, Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir, Ersan Özbudak, Deniz Şahin, Hale Maral Kır. Comparison of Cilostazol and Naftidrofuryl in an Experimental Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Model.
Vascular and endovascular surgery.
2021 Jan; 55(1):11-17. doi:
10.1177/1538574420953944. [PMID: 32878581] - Akiko Kiriyama. [Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamic Analysis to Link Pharmacokinetics to Efficacy and Drug Interaction of Alzheimer's Disease Drugs].
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
2021; 141(6):831-833. doi:
10.1248/yakushi.20-00251-3. [PMID: 34078790] - Tasuku Yokoyama, Shigeru Yamauchi, Keishi Yamagata, Yuta Kaneshiro, Yumiko Urano, Keiji Murata, Toshio Maeda, Yoshinori Asahara, Yoshiyuki Kagawa. Impact of Cilostazol Pharmacokinetics on the Development of Cardiovascular Side Effects in Patients with Cerebral Infarction.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2021; 44(11):1767-1774. doi:
10.1248/bpb.b21-00535. [PMID: 34719653] - Shiming Zhang, Yuanhang Sun, Le Zhou, Zhujun Jiang, Xinggang Yang, Yu Feng. Osmotic pump tablets with solid dispersions synergized by hydrophilic polymers and mesoporous silica improve in vitro/in vivo performance of cilostazol.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2020 Oct; 588(?):119759. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119759. [PMID: 32800938] - Asmaa Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, Rehab Ahmed Rifaai, Seham A Abdel-Gaber. Possible mechanisms mediating the protective effect of cilostazol in L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rats: role of cGMP, cAMP, and HO-1.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology.
2020 10; 393(10):1859-1870. doi:
10.1007/s00210-020-01897-z. [PMID: 32424476] - Asmaa Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed Sayed Mahmoud Mohamed, Osama Abdelazem, Ahmed Mohamed M Okasha, Maha Yehia Kamel. Cilostazol protects against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in female rats: role of cAMP and HO-1.
Toxicology mechanisms and methods.
2020 Sep; 30(7):526-535. doi:
10.1080/15376516.2020.1774829. [PMID: 32456565] - Youwei Ai, Haibing He, Peihao Chen, Bo Yan, Wenbin Zhang, Zhangcheng Ding, Dianrong Li, Jie Chen, Yan Ma, Yang Cao, Jie Zhu, Jiaojiao Li, Jinjie Ou, Shan Du, Xiaodong Wang, Jianzhang Ma, Shuanhu Gao, Xiangbing Qi. An alkaloid initiates phosphodiesterase 3A-schlafen 12 dependent apoptosis without affecting the phosphodiesterase activity.
Nature communications.
2020 06; 11(1):3236. doi:
10.1038/s41467-020-17052-4. [PMID: 32591543] - Reham M El-Deen, Gehan H Heeba, Rania G Abdel-Latif, Mohamed M A Khalifa. Comparative effectiveness of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 inhibitors in amelioration of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.
2020 Jun; 34(3):353-364. doi:
10.1111/fcp.12530. [PMID: 31885103] - Efthymios Paronis, Michalis Katsimpoulas, Nikolaos P E Kadoglou, Claire Provost, Marianna Stasinopoulou, Christos Spyropoulos, Elpida Poulaki, Aurelie Prignon, Ioannis Kakisis, Nikolaos G Kostomitsopoulos, Penelope Bouziotis, Ioannis V Kostopoulos, Ourania Tsitsilonis, Andreas Lazaris. Cilostazol Mediates Immune Responses and Affects Angiogenesis During the Acute Phase of Hind Limb Ischemia in a Mouse Model.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics.
2020 05; 25(3):273-285. doi:
10.1177/1074248419897852. [PMID: 31906705] - Masashi Tanaka, Satoshi Saito, Takayuki Inoue, Noriko Satoh-Asahara, Masafumi Ihara. Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease.
International journal of molecular sciences.
2020 Mar; 21(6):. doi:
10.3390/ijms21061992. [PMID: 32183348] - Hae-Ri Lee, Kyung-Yeon Park, Young-Jin Jeong, Tae-Hwe Heo. Comparative effectiveness of different antiplatelet agents at reducing TNF-driven inflammatory responses in a mouse model.
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.
2020 03; 47(3):432-438. doi:
10.1111/1440-1681.13211. [PMID: 31713877] - Ailing Cui, Yo Han Kim, Jong-Lyul Ghim, Jin Ah Jung, Sang-Heon Cho, Sangmin Choe, Hee Youn Choi, Kyun-Seop Bae, Hyeong-Seok Lim. Pharmacokinetic modeling analysis of cilostazol and its active metabolites (OPC-13015 and OPC-13213) after multiple oral doses of cilostazol in healthy Korean volunteers.
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.
2020 Mar; 50(3):288-296. doi:
10.1080/00498254.2019.1629042. [PMID: 31181990] - Masateru Miyake, Yoshikazu Oka, Tadashi Mukai. Food effect on meal administration time of pharmacokinetic profile of cilostazol, a BCS class II drug.
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.
2020 Feb; 50(2):145-149. doi:
10.1080/00498254.2019.1602746. [PMID: 30938549] - Shu-Ya Wang, Xi Ni, Ke-Qing Hu, Fan-Liang Meng, Min Li, Xiao-Li Ma, Ting-Ting Meng, Hui-Hui Wu, Di Ge, Jing Zhao, Ying Li, Guo-Hai Su. Cilostazol alleviate nicotine induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through modulation of autophagy by CTSB/ROS/p38MAPK/JNK feedback loop.
International journal of biological sciences.
2020; 16(11):2001-2013. doi:
10.7150/ijbs.43825. [PMID: 32398966] - Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology.
2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi:
10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284] - Sangmo Hong, Munsuk Nam, Bertis B Little, Seihyun Paik, Kwanwoo Lee, Jungtaek Woo, Dooman Kim, Jungoo Kang, Minyoung Chun, Yongsoo Park. Randomized control trial comparing the effect of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in carotid intima-medial thickness.
Heart and vessels.
2019 Nov; 34(11):1758-1768. doi:
10.1007/s00380-019-01421-1. [PMID: 31056733] - Wonsuk Shin, Min-Kyoung Kim, Doo-Yeoun Cho. Pharmacokinetic study of two extended-release formulations of cilostazol in healthy Korean subjects: A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, two-period crossover study
.
International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
2019 Aug; 57(8):408-415. doi:
10.5414/cp203434. [PMID: 31079600] - Hidenori Suzuki, Yoshinari Nakatsuka, Ryuta Yasuda, Masato Shiba, Yoichi Miura, Mio Terashima, Yume Suzuki, Koichi Hakozaki, Fuki Goto, Naoki Toma. Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Cilostazol on Delayed Cerebral Infarction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Translational stroke research.
2019 08; 10(4):381-388. doi:
10.1007/s12975-018-0650-y. [PMID: 30033486] - So Youn Park, Yi Sle Lee, Sang Yeob Lee, Sung Won Lee, Ki Whan Hong, Chi Dae Kim. Multitarget-based cotreatment with cilostazol and celecoxib synergistically suppresses collagen-induced arthritis in mice by enhancing interleukin-10 expression.
International immunopharmacology.
2019 Aug; 73(?):461-470. doi:
10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.058. [PMID: 31170675] - Jiangjin Li, Xiaoli Xiang, Zuo Xu. Cilostazol protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by activating transcription factor EB (TFEB).
Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.
2019 Jul; 66(4):555-563. doi:
10.1002/bab.1754. [PMID: 30994947] - Okki Cho, You-Jin Jang, Kyung-Yeon Park, Tae-Hwe Heo. Beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of combined rosuvastatin and cilostazol in a TNF-driven inflammatory model.
Pharmacological reports : PR.
2019 Apr; 71(2):266-271. doi:
10.1016/j.pharep.2018.12.005. [PMID: 30822620] - Hae-Ri Lee, Min-Kyung Jo, Kyung-Yeon Park, You-Jin Jang, Tae-Hwe Heo. Anti-TNF effect of combined pravastatin and cilostazol treatment in an in vivo mouse model.
Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.
2019 Apr; 41(2):179-184. doi:
10.1080/08923973.2019.1569045. [PMID: 30714456] - Kyu-Yeol Nam, Sang Min Cho, Youn-Woong Choi, Chulhun Park, Nileshkumar M Meghani, Jun-Bom Park, Beom-Jin Lee. Double controlled release of highly insoluble cilostazol using surfactant-driven pH dependent and pH-independent polymeric blends and in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2019 Mar; 558(?):284-290. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.004. [PMID: 30641181] - Heba M Hafez, Mohamed A Ibrahim, Mervat Z Zedan, Marwa Hassan, Hanaa Hassanein. Nephroprotective effect of cilostazol and verapamil against thioacetamide-induced toxicity in rats may involve Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathway.
Toxicology mechanisms and methods.
2019 Feb; 29(2):146-152. doi:
10.1080/15376516.2018.1528648. [PMID: 30295103] - Iram Kaukab, Syed Nisar Hussain Shah, Zelal Kharaba, Ghulam Murtaza, Abubaker Ali Saad, Shakeel Ahmad. Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Cilostazol with Metoclopramide after Oral Administration in Human.
Current drug metabolism.
2019; 20(11):924-928. doi:
10.2174/1389200220666191105115805. [PMID: 31702486] - Okki Cho, Han-Sol Kim, Kyung-Yeon Park, Tae-Hwe Heo. A Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Four Combined Statin and Antiplatelet Therapies on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Acute Inflammation in vivo.
Pharmacology.
2019; 104(1-2):21-27. doi:
10.1159/000499335. [PMID: 30970359] - Jung-Ryul Kim, Jin Ah Jung, Seokuee Kim, Wooseong Huh, Jong-Lyul Ghim, Jae-Gook Shin, Jae-Wook Ko. Effect of Cilostazol on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects.
BioMed research international.
2019; 2019(?):1365180. doi:
10.1155/2019/1365180. [PMID: 30729119] - Kyung-Yeon Park, Tae-Hwe Heo. Combination therapy with cilostazol and pravastatin improves antiatherogenic effects in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice.
Cardiovascular therapeutics.
2018 Dec; 36(6):e12476. doi:
10.1111/1755-5922.12476. [PMID: 30378752] - Yoo Jin Oh, Hye Young Kim, Mi Hwa Lee, Sung Hwan Suh, Yongmun Choi, Tae-Gyu Nam, Woo Young Kwon, Sang Yeob Lee, Young Hyun Yoo. Cilostazol Improves HFD-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Upregulating Hepatic STAMP2 Expression through AMPK.
Molecular pharmacology.
2018 12; 94(6):1401-1411. doi:
10.1124/mol.118.113217. [PMID: 30366981] - Hye-In Lee, Ji-Young Byeon, Young-Hoon Kim, Choong-Min Lee, Chang-Ik Choi, Choon-Gon Jang, Jung-Woo Bae, Yun Jeong Lee, Seok-Yong Lee. Effects of CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol and its active metabolites.
European journal of clinical pharmacology.
2018 Nov; 74(11):1417-1426. doi:
10.1007/s00228-018-2522-5. [PMID: 30039199] - Shizuka Netsu, Atsushi Mizuma, Masaki Sakamoto, Sachiko Yutani, Eiichiro Nagata, Shunya Takizawa. Cilostazol is Effective to Prevent Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients Receiving Tube Feeding.
Dysphagia.
2018 10; 33(5):716-724. doi:
10.1007/s00455-018-9897-4. [PMID: 29680945] - Denise S Coelho da Mota, Fernando L Sicuro, Angela C Resende, Roberto S De Moura, Daniel A Bottino, Eliete Bouskela. Effects of açaí and cilostazol on skin microcirculation and viability of TRAM flaps in hamsters.
The Journal of surgical research.
2018 08; 228(?):253-262. doi:
10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.014. [PMID: 29907219] - Yoichiro Otaki, Tetsu Watanabe, Hiroki Takahashi, Takayuki Sugai, Miyuki Yokoyama, Satoshi Nishiyama, Takanori Arimoto, Tetsuro Shishido, Takuya Miyamoto, Tamon Yamanaka, Isao Kubota, Masafumi Watanabe. Circulating Surfactant Protein-D Is Associated With Clinical Outcomes in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients Following Endovascular Therapy.
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.
2018 06; 82(7):1926-1934. doi:
10.1253/circj.cj-17-1446. [PMID: 29769460] - Naoki Saji, Shigenobu Tone, Kenta Murotani, Yoshiki Yagita, Kazumi Kimura, Takashi Sakurai. Cilostazol May Decrease Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts: A Pilot Study.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association.
2018 Jun; 27(6):1639-1645. doi:
10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.01.020. [PMID: 29454567] - Koichi Kaikita, Hiromi Yoshimura, Masanobu Ishii, Takashi Kudoh, Yoshihiro Yamada, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Izumiya, Sunao Kojima, Hideki Shimomura, Ryusuke Tsunoda, Kunihiko Matsui, Hisao Ogawa, Kenichi Tsujita. Tailored Adjunctive Cilostazol Therapy Based on CYP2C19 Genotyping in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction - The CALDERA-GENE Study.
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.
2018 05; 82(6):1517-1525. doi:
10.1253/circj.cj-18-0197. [PMID: 29743380] - Ryoko Umebayashi, Haruhito A Uchida, Yuki Kakio, Venkateswaran Subramanian, Alan Daugherty, Jun Wada. Cilostazol Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms but Not Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.
2018 04; 38(4):903-912. doi:
10.1161/atvbaha.117.309707. [PMID: 29437572] - Mervat Z Mohamed, Heba M Hafez, Nagwa M Zenhom, Hanaa Hassanein Mohammed. Cilostazol alleviates streptozotocin-induced testicular injury in rats via PI3K/Akt pathway.
Life sciences.
2018 Apr; 198(?):136-142. doi:
10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.038. [PMID: 29496494] - Hisato Shima, Manabu Tashiro, Satoshi Yamada, Motokazu Matsuura, Kazuyoshi Okada, Toshio Doi, Jun Minakuchi, Shu Kawashima. Cilostazol-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis accompanied by IgA nephropathy: a case report.
BMC nephrology.
2018 03; 19(1):52. doi:
10.1186/s12882-018-0854-0. [PMID: 29506491] - Ryouhei Komaki, Takehiro Ueda, Yukio Tsuji, Toko Miyawaki, Sentaro Kusuhara, Shigeo Hara, Tatsushi Toda. [Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy carrying TREX1 mutation diagnosed by the intracranial calcification: a case report].
Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.
2018 Feb; 58(2):111-117. doi:
10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001096. [PMID: 29386495] - Sally A Abuelezz, Nevien Hendawy. Insights into the potential antidepressant mechanisms of cilostazol in chronically restraint rats: impact on the Nrf2 pathway.
Behavioural pharmacology.
2018 02; 29(1):28-40. doi:
10.1097/fbp.0000000000000335. [PMID: 28763303] - Zhiqiang Wang, Tiantian Liu, Xiaoping Chen, Hongjie You, Quanbin Zhang, Jingyi Xue, Yuanyuan Zheng, Dali Luo. Low molecular weight fucoidan ameliorates hindlimb ischemic injury in type 2 diabetic rats.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2018 Jan; 210(?):434-442. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.014. [PMID: 28917976] - Peiling Liang, Zhuliang Gu, Aisheng Wei. [Moxibustion at Geshu (BL 17) for diabetic limb arterial obliteration at early stage].
Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion.
2017 Dec; 37(12):1280-4. doi:
10.13703/j.0255-2930.2017.12.007. [PMID: 29354992] - Noriaki Nagai, Saori Deguchi, Hiroko Otake, Noriko Hiramatsu, Naoki Yamamoto. Therapeutic Effect of Cilostazol Ophthalmic Nanodispersions on Retinal Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
International journal of molecular sciences.
2017 Sep; 18(9):. doi:
10.3390/ijms18091971. [PMID: 28906472] - Chong Wang, Xiaokui Huo, Changyuan Wang, Qiang Meng, Zhihao Liu, Pengyuan Sun, Jian Cang, Huijun Sun, Kexin Liu. Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide and Efflux Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Uptake and Biliary Excretion of Cilostazol and Its Metabolites in Rats and Humans.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
2017 09; 106(9):2515-2523. doi:
10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.011. [PMID: 28535976] - Seong-Joon Lee, Jin Soo Lee, Mun Hee Choi, Sung Eun Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Ji Man Hong. Cilostazol improves endothelial function in acute cerebral ischemia patients: a double-blind placebo controlled trial with flow-mediated dilation technique.
BMC neurology.
2017 Aug; 17(1):169. doi:
10.1186/s12883-017-0950-y. [PMID: 28851320] - Peng He, Harukiyo Kawamura, Minoru Takemoto, Yoshiro Maezawa, Takahiro Ishikawa, Ryoichi Ishibashi, Kenichi Sakamoto, Mayumi Shoji, Akiko Hattori, Masaya Yamaga, Shintaro Ide, Kana Ide, Aiko Hayashi, Hirotake Tokuyama, Kazuki Kobayashi, Koutaro Yokote. Combination of cilostazol and probucol protected podocytes from lipopolysaccharide-induced injury by both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms.
Journal of nephrology.
2017 Aug; 30(4):531-541. doi:
10.1007/s40620-016-0361-y. [PMID: 28005239] - Yoshinari Nakatsuka, Fumihiro Kawakita, Ryuta Yasuda, Yasuyuki Umeda, Naoki Toma, Hiroshi Sakaida, Hidenori Suzuki. Preventive effects of cilostazol against the development of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Journal of neurosurgery.
2017 Aug; 127(2):319-326. doi:
10.3171/2016.5.jns152907. [PMID: 27494819] - Taku Fujii, Hideaki Obara, Kentaro Matsubara, Naoki Fujimura, Hiroshi Yagi, Taizo Hibi, Yuta Abe, Minoru Kitago, Masahiro Shinoda, Osamu Itano, Minoru Tanabe, Yohei Masugi, Michiie Sakamoto, Yuko Kitagawa. Oral administration of cilostazol improves survival rate after rat liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.
The Journal of surgical research.
2017 06; 213(?):207-214. doi:
10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.020. [PMID: 28601316] - Nicole J Asal, Karolina A Wojciak. Effect of cilostazol in treating diabetes-associated microvascular complications.
Endocrine.
2017 May; 56(2):240-244. doi:
10.1007/s12020-017-1279-4. [PMID: 28293857] - Bekir Inan, Selma Sönmez Ergün, Asiye Nurten, Canan Küçükgergin, Aslı Zengin Türkmen, Şule Seçkin, Kerem Erkalp, Sedat Ziyade. Effects of Cilostazol and Diltiazem Hydrochloride on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Hindlimb Model.
The heart surgery forum.
2017 Apr; 20(2):E058-E065. doi:
10.1532/hsf.1663. [PMID: 28481745] - Yumi Kangawa, Toshinori Yoshida, Hajime Abe, Yoshiki Seto, Taishi Miyashita, Michi Nakamura, Tohru Kihara, Shim-Mo Hayashi, Makoto Shibutani. Anti-inflammatory effects of the selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, cilostazol, and antioxidants, enzymatically-modified isoquercitrin and α-lipoic acid, reduce dextran sulphate sodium-induced colorectal mucosal injury in mice.
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie.
2017 Apr; 69(4):179-186. doi:
10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004. [PMID: 28089463] - Jeong-Hyeon Park, Bo-Hyun Choi, Sae-Kwang Ku, Dong-Hyun Kim, Kyeong-Ah Jung, Euichaul Oh, Mi-Kyoung Kwak. Amelioration of high fat diet-induced nephropathy by cilostazol and rosuvastatin.
Archives of pharmacal research.
2017 Mar; 40(3):391-402. doi:
10.1007/s12272-017-0889-y. [PMID: 28084586] - Chien-Hsing Lee, Yi-Jen Hung, Yi-Shing Shieh, Chu-Yen Chien, Yu-Juei Hsu, Chih-Yuan Lin, Chi-Fu Chiang, Chia-Luen Huang, Chang-Hsun Hsieh. Cilostazol inhibits uremic toxin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction: role of Axl signaling.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.
2017 03; 312(3):F398-F406. doi:
10.1152/ajprenal.00258.2016. [PMID: 27927649] - Yumi Kangawa, Toshinori Yoshida, Kiyoshi Maruyama, Minako Okamoto, Tohru Kihara, Michi Nakamura, Masako Ochiai, Yoshitaka Hippo, Shim-Mo Hayashi, Makoto Shibutani. Cilostazol and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin attenuate experimental colitis and colon cancer in mice by inhibiting cell proliferation and inflammation.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.
2017 Feb; 100(?):103-114. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.018. [PMID: 27989839] - Omer Mustapha, Kyung Soo Kim, Shumaila Shafique, Dong Shik Kim, Sung Giu Jin, Youn Gee Seo, Yu Seok Youn, Kyung Taek Oh, Beom-Jin Lee, Young Joon Park, Chul Soon Yong, Jong Oh Kim, Han-Gon Choi. Development of novel cilostazol-loaded solid SNEDDS using a SPG membrane emulsification technique: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.
2017 Feb; 150(?):216-222. doi:
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.039. [PMID: 27918966] - Hiroshi Nomoto, Yoichiro Matsubara, Yosuke Ichimiya, Heii Arai. Acute renal failure caused by cilostazol in a patient with Alzheimer's disease.
Geriatrics & gerontology international.
2017 Jan; 17(1):171-172. doi:
10.1111/ggi.12760. [PMID: 28112492] - Wiwat Chancharoenthana, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Sujittra Taratummarat, Jutamas Wongphom, Khajohn Tiranathanagul, Somchai Eiam-Ong. Cilostazol attenuates intimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease.
PloS one.
2017; 12(12):e0187872. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0187872. [PMID: 29206849] - Hamidreza Edrissi, Sarah C Schock, Robert Cadonic, Antoine M Hakim, Charlie S Thompson. Cilostazol reduces blood brain barrier dysfunction, white matter lesion formation and motor deficits following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Brain research.
2016 09; 1646(?):494-503. doi:
10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.036. [PMID: 27350079] - Ting-Hsing Chao, I-Chih Chen, Cheng-Han Lee, Ju-Yi Chen, Wei-Chuan Tsai, Yi-Heng Li, Shih-Ya Tseng, Liang-Miin Tsai, Wei-Kung Tseng. Cilostazol Enhances Mobilization of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Function in Patients at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.
Angiology.
2016 08; 67(7):638-46. doi:
10.1177/0003319715606249. [PMID: 27401788] - Simone Negrini, Francesca Spanò, Elena Penza, Daniela Rollando, Francesco Indiveri, Gilberto Filaci, Francesco Puppo. Efficacy of cilostazol for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis patients.
Clinical and experimental medicine.
2016 Aug; 16(3):407-12. doi:
10.1007/s10238-015-0370-5. [PMID: 26088182] - Kyung-Ho Yu, Keun-Sik Hong, Mi-Sun Oh, Juneyoung Lee, Ji Sung Lee, Sun U Kwon. Design and Rationale for a Cognitive Outcome Substudy in Ischemic Stroke Patients with High Risk of Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association.
2016 Aug; 25(8):2061-6. doi:
10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.04.028. [PMID: 27263034] - Nadia Alice Vieira da Motta, Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito. Cilostazol exerts antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects through AMPK activation and NF-kB inhibition on hypercholesterolemic rats.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.
2016 Aug; 30(4):327-37. doi:
10.1111/fcp.12195. [PMID: 26950185] - Sang Won Han, Tae Jin Song, Cheryl D Bushnell, Sung-Soo Lee, Seo Hyun Kim, Jun Hong Lee, Gyu Sik Kim, Ok-Joon Kim, Im-Seok Koh, Jong Yun Lee, Seung-Han Suk, Sung Ik Lee, Hyo Suk Nam, Kyung-Yul Lee, Jae Hyeon Park. Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Acute Lacunar Infarction.
Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging.
2016 05; 26(3):351-4. doi:
10.1111/jon.12308. [PMID: 26458336] - Jinglu Zhang, Zidong Xiao, Lihong Chen, Li Li, Haiyun Yang, Baoming Luo, Lifang Mai, Li Yan, Chuan Yang. Cilostazol Can Increase Skin Oxygen Supply Assessed by Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes With Lower Limb Ischemic Disease: A Randomized Trial.
Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.
2016 May; 43(3):254-9. doi:
10.1097/won.0000000000000214. [PMID: 26938333] - Ahmed A Abdelsameea, Ahmed M Mohamed, Mona G Amer, Shahera M Attia. Cilostazol attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie.
2016 Apr; 68(4):247-53. doi:
10.1016/j.etp.2016.01.002. [PMID: 26809659] - Ho-Sook Kim, Younghae Lim, Minkyung Oh, Jong-Lyul Ghim, Eun-Young Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jae-Gook Shin. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of clopidogrel and cilostazol in relation to CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 genotypes.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.
2016 Feb; 81(2):301-12. doi:
10.1111/bcp.12794. [PMID: 26426352] - Hideki Ishii, Toru Aoyama, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yoshitaka Kumada, Daisuke Kamoi, Takashi Sakakibara, Norio Umemoto, Susumu Suzuki, Akihito Tanaka, Yasuhiko Ito, Toyoaki Murohara. Treatment with cilostazol improves clinical outcome after endovascular therapy in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease.
Journal of cardiology.
2016 Feb; 67(2):199-204. doi:
10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.05.003. [PMID: 26074442] - Túlio de Almeida Hermes, Aline Barbosa Macedo, Aline Reis Fogaça, Luis Henrique Rapucci Moraes, Felipe Meira de Faria, Larissa Akemi Kido, Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon, Elaine Minatel. Beneficial cilostazol therapeutic effects in mdx dystrophic skeletal muscle.
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.
2016 Feb; 43(2):259-67. doi:
10.1111/1440-1681.12521. [PMID: 26639107] - Shih-Ya Tseng, Ting-Hsing Chao, Yi-Heng Li, Chung-Lung Cho. Cilostazol Improves Proangiogenesis Functions in Human Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells through the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor System and Hybrid Therapy Provides a Synergistic Effect In Vivo.
BioMed research international.
2016; 2016(?):3639868. doi:
10.1155/2016/3639868. [PMID: 27595100] - Ryota Takeuchi, Kohki Shinozaki, Takeo Nakanishi, Ikumi Tamai. Local Drug-Drug Interaction of Donepezil with Cilostazol at Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) Increases Drug Accumulation in Heart.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2016 Jan; 44(1):68-74. doi:
10.1124/dmd.115.066654. [PMID: 26467765] - Jin Sin Koh, Chin-ok Yi, Rok Won Heo, Jong-Wha Ahn, Jeong Rang Park, Jung Eun Lee, Jung-Hwan Kim, Jin-Yong Hwang, Gu Seob Roh. Protective effect of cilostazol against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2015 Dec; 89(?):54-61. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.016. [PMID: 26191652] - Byung Hun Jeon, Yong-ho Lee, Mi Ra Yun, Soo Hyun Kim, Byung Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Hyun Chul Lee, Bong-Soo Cha. Increased expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) as a possible mechanism for the protective effect of cilostazol against hepatic steatosis.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental.
2015 Nov; 64(11):1444-53. doi:
10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.014. [PMID: 26362727] - Keun-Sik Hong, Bum Joon Kim, Jun-Young Lee, Sun U Kwon. Rationale and design of the PreventIon of CArdiovascular events in iSchemic Stroke patients with high risk of cerebral hemOrrhage (PICASSO) study: A randomized controlled trial.
International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society.
2015 Oct; 10(7):1153-8. doi:
10.1111/ijs.12519. [PMID: 26044566] - T H Lim, Y A Cho, D H Choi. Effects of cilostazol on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after oral and intravenous administration in rats.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.
2015 Aug; 66(4):591-7. doi:
. [PMID: 26348083] - Ashwani Kumar, Amit Kumar, Amteshwar S Jaggi, Nirmal Singh. Efficacy of Cilostazol a selective phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor in rat model of Streptozotocin diabetes induced vascular dementia.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.
2015 Aug; 135(?):20-30. doi:
10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.006. [PMID: 25987325]