S-Adenosylmethionine (BioDeep_00000018412)

描述信息

S-adenosylmethionine, also known as sam or adomet, is a member of the class of compounds known as 5-deoxy-5-thionucleosides. 5-deoxy-5-thionucleosides are 5-deoxyribonucleosides in which the ribose is thio-substituted at the 5position by a S-alkyl group. S-adenosylmethionine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). S-adenosylmethionine can be found in a number of food items such as common grape, half-highbush blueberry, jerusalem artichoke, and thistle, which makes S-adenosylmethionine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. S-adenosylmethionine can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. S-adenosylmethionine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, S-adenosylmethionine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)), phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(24:0/24:0), and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0). S-adenosylmethionine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD), 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, monoamine oxidase-a deficiency (MAO-A), and aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency. Moreover, S-adenosylmethionine is found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 and neurodegenerative disease. S-adenosylmethionine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. S-Adenosyl methionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM-e is produced and consumed in the liver. More than 40 methyl transfers from SAM-e are known, to various substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and secondary metabolites. It is made from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6). SAM was first discovered by Giulio Cantoni in 1952 . Significant first-pass metabolism in the liver. Approximately 50\\\% of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is metabolized in the liver. SAMe is metabolized to S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is then metabolized to homocysteine. Homocysteine can either be metabolized to cystathionine and then cysteine or to methionine. The cofactor in the metabolism of homocysteine to cysteine is vitamin B6. Cofactors for the metabolism of homocysteine to methionine are folic acid, vitamin B12 and betaine (T3DB).
S-Adenosylmethionine (CAS: 29908-03-0), also known as SAM or AdoMet, is a physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in the treatment of chronic liver disease (From Merck, 11th ed). S-Adenosylmethionine is a natural substance present in the cells of the body. It plays a crucial biochemical role by donating a one-carbon methyl group in a process called transmethylation. S-Adenosylmethionine, formed from the reaction of L-methionine and adenosine triphosphate catalyzed by the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, is the methyl-group donor in the biosynthesis of both DNA and RNA nucleic acids, phospholipids, proteins, epinephrine, melatonin, creatine, and other molecules.

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