Pefloxacin (BioDeep_00000017927)

   

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

化学式: C17H20FN3O3 (333.14886220000005)
中文名称: 培氟沙星
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 67.21%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C21)N3CCN(CC3)C)F)C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C17H20FN3O3/c1-3-20-10-12(17(23)24)16(22)11-8-13(18)15(9-14(11)20)21-6-4-19(2)5-7-21/h8-10H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24)

描述信息

Pefloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. [PubChem]The bactericidal action of pefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. DNA gyrase appears to be the primary quinolone target for gram-negative bacteria. Topoisomerase IV appears to be the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. Interference with these two topoisomerases results in strand breakage of the bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. As a result DNA replication and transcription is inhibited.
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065609 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic

同义名列表

19 个代谢物同义名

1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; Dihydrate, pefloxacin mesylate; Mesylate dihydrate, pefloxacin; Pefloxacin mesylate dihydrate; Mesylate, pefloxacin; Pefloxacin mesylate; Pefloxacin, silver; Silver pefloxacin; Pefloxacinum; Perfloxacin; Pefloxacino; Pefloxacine; Pefloxacin; R.B., 2589; 2589 R.B.; Peflacine; Labocton; Abactal; PFLX



数据库引用编号

11 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Junjun Feng, Haiyun Jiang, Jing Wang, Zhengyi Jing, Fan Zhang, Tianyu Tan, Feng He, Lihua Jiang, Haiqin Li, Shimin Chang, Tengfei Li. [Simultaneous determination of 40 plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, and antibiotics in bean sprouts by QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2022 Sep; 40(9):843-853. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.12028. [PMID: 36156631]
  • Wanling Cai, Xiulan Weng, Wei Zhang, Zuliang Chen. Green magnetic nanomaterial as antibiotic release vehicle: The release of pefloxacin and ofloxacin. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications. 2021 Jan; 118(?):111439. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111439. [PMID: 33255032]
  • Sivaramakrishnan Ramadurai, Nirod Kumar Sarangi, Sean Maher, Nicola MacConnell, Alan M Bond, Dennis McDaid, Damien Flynn, Tia E Keyes. Microcavity-Supported Lipid Bilayers; Evaluation of Drug-Lipid Membrane Interactions by Electrochemical Impedance and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. 2019 06; 35(24):8095-8109. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01028. [PMID: 31120755]
  • Xiuyuan Zhang, Kuo He, Donghao Zhang, Zhihong Huang. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody for Pefloxacin and mechanism study of antibody recognition. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2019 Apr; 83(4):633-640. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1562876. [PMID: 30618329]
  • Lei Sha, Xiaoyan Tang, Dengyong Liu, Yongping Xu, Y U Ding, Feng Ding. Detection and Quantitation of Lomefloxacin and Pefloxacin Residues in the Organ Tissues and Eggs of Laying Hens. Journal of food protection. 2018 05; 81(5):810-814. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-422. [PMID: 29637810]
  • Shuqian Lin, Guiming Li, Zengcheng Zhao, Jian Fu, Minyan Feng, Minxun Song, Zhongli Huang, Shifa Yang, Shuli Wang, Renzhong Wan. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pefloxacin mesylate in chickens. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2018 Apr; 32(4):. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4154. [PMID: 29178369]
  • Haitao Hu, Kishore Kumar Katyayan, Boris A Czeskis, Everett J Perkins, Palaniappan Kulanthaivel. Comparison between Radioanalysis and 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Determination of Mass Balance, Metabolism, and Distribution of Pefloxacin. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2017 04; 45(4):399-408. doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.073809. [PMID: 28188298]
  • Nuggehally R Srinivas. Interspecies scaling of excretory amounts using allometry - retrospective analysis with rifapentine, aztreonam, carumonam, pefloxacin, miloxacin, trovafloxacin, doripenem, imipenem, cefozopran, ceftazidime, linezolid for urinary excretion and rifapentine, cabotegravir, and dolutegravir for fecal excretion. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2016 Sep; 46(9):784-92. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1121554. [PMID: 26711252]
  • Robert Skov, Erika Matuschek, Maria Sjölund-Karlsson, Jenny Åhman, Andreas Petersen, Marc Stegger, Mia Torpdahl, Gunnar Kahlmeter. Development of a Pefloxacin Disk Diffusion Method for Detection of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2015 Nov; 53(11):3411-7. doi: 10.1128/jcm.01287-15. [PMID: 26292292]
  • Solomon O Rotimi, David A Ojo, Olusola A Talabi, Regina N Ugbaja, Elizabeth A Balogun, Oladipo Ademuyiwa. Amoxillin- and pefloxacin-induced cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis in rat tissues. Lipids in health and disease. 2015 Feb; 14(?):13. doi: 10.1186/s12944-015-0011-8. [PMID: 25879817]
  • Shahnaz Gauhar, Syed Ayub Ali, Syed Baqir Naqvi, Muhammad Harris Shoaib. Report: pharmacokinetic and drug interaction studies of pefloxacin with paracetamol (NNAID) in healthy volunteers in Pakistan. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2014 Mar; 27(2):389-95. doi: NULL. [PMID: 24577931]
  • Aiyun Li, Zhiqiang Song. Study of silver nanoparticles sensitized fluorescence and second-order scattering of terbium(III)-pefloxacin mesylate complex and determination of pefloxacin mesylate. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2014; 2014(?):742935. doi: 10.1155/2014/742935. [PMID: 24892083]
  • J A Murillo Pulgarín, A Alañón Molina, N Boras. Application of non-linear angle synchronous spectrofluorimetry to the determination of complex mixtures of drugs in urine: a comparative study. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2012 Dec; 98(?):190-8. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.095. [PMID: 23021891]
  • Solomon O Rotimi, David A Ojo, Olusola A Talabi, Elizabeth A Balogun, Oladipo Ademuyiwa. Tissue dyslipidemia in Salmonella-infected rats treated with amoxillin and pefloxacin. Lipids in health and disease. 2012 Nov; 11(?):152. doi: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-152. [PMID: 23137290]
  • Anthonia Olufunke Oluduro. Antibiotic-resistant commensal Escherichia coli in faecal droplets from bats and poultry in Nigeria. Veterinaria italiana. 2012 Jul; 48(3):297-308. doi: NULL. [PMID: 23038076]
  • Ming Luo, Yu-Yuan Wang, Xuncheng Liu, Songguang Yang, Qing Lu, Yuhai Cui, Keqiang Wu. HD2C interacts with HDA6 and is involved in ABA and salt stress response in Arabidopsis. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 May; 63(8):3297-306. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers059. [PMID: 22368268]
  • Iram Shaifali, Uma Gupta, Syed Esam Mahmood, Jawed Ahmed. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in female outpatients. North American journal of medical sciences. 2012 Apr; 4(4):163-9. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.94940. [PMID: 22536558]
  • Huan Yu, Yanfei Tao, Dongmei Chen, Yuanhu Pan, Zhenli Liu, Yulian Wang, Lingli Huang, Menghong Dai, Dapeng Peng, Xu Wang, Zonghui Yuan. Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones in foods of animal origin by a high performance liquid chromatography and a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with accelerated solvent extraction. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2012 Feb; 885-886(?):150-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.016. [PMID: 22230742]
  • Xuelan Chen, Hengyi Xu, Weihua Lai, Yuan Chen, Xiaohui Yang, Yonghua Xiong. A sensitive chromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of enrofloxacin in chicken muscle. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2012; 29(3):383-91. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.641509. [PMID: 22243423]
  • S Senthilkumaran, S Shah, N Balamurugan, P Thirumalaikolundusubramanian. Levofloxacin, tendon rupture and acute kidney injury: Thinking outside the box. Indian journal of nephrology. 2012 Jan; 22(1):65. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.86412. [PMID: 22279350]
  • Hiroshi Kodaira, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Takuya Fujita, Junko Ushiki, Eiichi Fuse, Yuichi Sugiyama. Quantitative evaluation of the impact of active efflux by p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein at the blood-brain barrier on the predictability of the unbound concentrations of drugs in the brain using cerebrospinal fluid concentration as a surrogate. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2011 Dec; 339(3):935-44. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.180398. [PMID: 21934030]
  • V Talla, Pr Veerareddy. Oxidative stress induced by fluoroquinolones on treatment for complicated urinary tract infections in Indian patients. Journal of young pharmacists : JYP. 2011 Oct; 3(4):304-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-1483.90242. [PMID: 22224037]
  • Jana Goldová, Aleš Ulrych, Kamil Hercík, Pavel Branny. A eukaryotic-type signalling system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to oxidative stress resistance, intracellular survival and virulence. BMC genomics. 2011 Aug; 12(?):437. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-437. [PMID: 21880152]
  • Ruth A Afunwa, Damian C Odimegwu, Romanus I Iroha, Charles O Esimone. Antimicrobial resistance status and prevalence rates of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers isolated from a mixed human population. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences. 2011 May; 11(2):91-6. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2011.2588. [PMID: 21619555]
  • Robert L Brent, Mildred S Christian, Robert M Diener. Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental risks of caffeine. Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology. 2011 Apr; 92(2):152-87. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20288. [PMID: 21370398]
  • Shuyu Xie, Luyan Zhu, Zhao Dong, Yan Wang, Xiaofang Wang, WenZhong Zhou. Preparation and evaluation of ofloxacin-loaded palmitic acid solid lipid nanoparticles. International journal of nanomedicine. 2011; 6(?):547-55. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s17083. [PMID: 21468357]
  • Bindu M Boddupalli, Zulkar N K Mohammed, Ravinder A Nath, David Banji. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: An overview. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. 2010 Oct; 1(4):381-7. doi: 10.4103/0110-5558.76436. [PMID: 22247877]
  • H O Dada-Adegbola, K A Muili. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract pathogens in Ibadan, Nigeria. African journal of medicine and medical sciences. 2010 Sep; 39(3):173-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 21416786]
  • Christos Chatzikyrkou, Iyas Hamwi, Christian Clajus, Jan Becker, Carsten Hafer, Jan T Kielstein. Biopsy proven acute interstitial nephritis after treatment with moxifloxacin. BMC nephrology. 2010 Aug; 11(?):19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-11-19. [PMID: 20731847]
  • Li-Ting Chen, Ming Luo, Yu-Yuan Wang, Keqiang Wu. Involvement of Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA6 in ABA and salt stress response. Journal of experimental botany. 2010 Jul; 61(12):3345-53. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq154. [PMID: 20519338]
  • J Madan, D Kaushik, S Sardana, A Ali, M Sudhakaran Sudheesh, R Shankar Pandey. Effect of levofloxacin and pefloxacin on humoral immune response elicited by bovine serum albumin docked in gelatin microparticles and nanoparticles. Die Pharmazie. 2010 Apr; 65(4):284-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 20432626]
  • B H Pavithra, N Prakash, K Jayakumar. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. Journal of veterinary science. 2009 Dec; 10(4):293-7. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.4.293. [PMID: 19934593]
  • Biyang Deng, Linqiu Li, Aihong Shi, Yanhui Kang. Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin mesylate in human urine using capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence detection. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Aug; 877(24):2585-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.021. [PMID: 19576860]
  • Manthena V S Varma, Bo Feng, R Scott Obach, Matthew D Troutman, Jonathan Chupka, Howard R Miller, Ayman El-Kattan. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2009 Aug; 52(15):4844-52. doi: 10.1021/jm900403j. [PMID: 19445515]
  • Hanwen Sun, Peiyun Chen, Fei Wang, Haifang Wen. Investigation on enhanced chemiluminescence reaction systems with bis(hydrogenperiodato) argentate(III) complex anion for fluoroquinolones synthetic antibiotics. Talanta. 2009 Jul; 79(2):134-40. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.03.008. [PMID: 19559854]
  • Tao Ding, Dongxu Shen, Jinzhong Xu, Bin Wu, Huilan Chen, Chongyu Shen, Weijian Shen, Zengyun Zhao, Hongzhen Lian. [Simultaneous determination of 19 quinolone residues in honey using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2009 Jan; 27(1):34-8. doi: ". [PMID: 19449537]
  • Pinar Onguru, Ayse Erbay, Hurrem Bodur, Gulseren Baran, Esragul Akinci, Neriman Balaban, Mustafa Aydin Cevik. Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors for nosocomial infections. Journal of Korean medical science. 2008 Dec; 23(6):982-7. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.6.982. [PMID: 19119440]
  • Ayman Goudah, Syed Sher Shah, Ho-Chul Shin, Byung-Joon Chang, Jae-Han Shim, A M Abd El-Aty. Concentration-time courses of pefloxacin in plasma and milk of lactating she-camels (Camelus dromedarius). Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 2008 Nov; 121(11-12):432-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 19086693]
  • Yongnian Ni, Yong Wang, Serge Kokot. Multicomponent kinetic spectrophotometric determination of pefloxacin and norfloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma samples with the aid of chemometrics. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2008 Oct; 70(5):1049-59. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.10.013. [PMID: 18060832]
  • A Kotsiou, E Diamanti, A Potamianou, H Parara, J Vovou, C Perisanidis, C Tes, C Tesseromatis. Anticoagulant-induced changes on antibiotic concentrations in the serum and bones. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2008 Jul; 33(3):173-9. doi: 10.1007/bf03191115. [PMID: 19007043]
  • R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954]
  • Madhukar S Dama, C Varshneya, M S Dardi, V C Katoch. Effect of trikatu pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin administered orally in mountain Gaddi goats. Journal of veterinary science. 2008 Mar; 9(1):25-9. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.25. [PMID: 18296885]
  • Bengi Uslu, Burcu Dogan Topal, Sibel A Ozkan. Electroanalytical investigation and determination of pefloxacin in pharmaceuticals and serum at boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. Talanta. 2008 Feb; 74(5):1191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.08.023. [PMID: 18371769]
  • Tim Ulinski, Laurence Perrin, Vincent Guigonis, Françoise Driss, Georges Deschênes, Albert Bensman. Remission of steroid- and CyA-resistant nephrotic syndrome using multiple drug immunosuppression. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2007 Oct; 22(10):1723-6. doi: 10.1007/s00467-007-0551-x. [PMID: 17636340]
  • S Alfandari, C Bonenfant, L Depretere, G Beaucaire. Use of 27 parenteral antimicrobial agents in north of France hospitals. Medecine et maladies infectieuses. 2007 Feb; 37(2):103-7. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2006.10.010. [PMID: 17303361]
  • Shiwang Liu, Li-Wei Zhang, Xin-Xiang Zhang. Interaction between fluoroquinolones and bovine serum albumin studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2006 Dec; 22(12):1515-8. doi: 10.2116/analsci.22.1515. [PMID: 17159308]
  • N Suresh Babu, J K Malik, G S Rao, Manoj Aggarwal, V Ranganathan. Effects of subchronic malathion exposure on the pharmacokinetic disposition of pefloxacin. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2006 Sep; 22(2):167-71. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.03.001. [PMID: 21783705]
  • Ji-cai Fan, Xiang Chen, Yun Wang, Cheng-ping Fan, Zhi-cai Shang. Binding interactions of pefloxacin mesylate with bovine lactoferrin and human serum albumin. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B. 2006 Jun; 7(6):452-8. doi: 10.1631/jzus.2006.b0452. [PMID: 16691639]
  • N Suresh Babu, J K Malik, G S Rao, Manoj Aggarwal, V Ranganathan. Interactive alterations of arsenic and malathion in the disposition kinetics of pefloxacin. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2006 May; 50(4):587-93. doi: 10.1007/s00244-005-1069-5. [PMID: 16446993]
  • Anne-Catherine Huet, Caroline Charlier, Sheryl A Tittlemier, Gurmit Singh, Samuel Benrejeb, Philippe Delahaut. Simultaneous determination of (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics in kidney, marine products, eggs, and muscle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006 Apr; 54(8):2822-7. doi: 10.1021/jf052445i. [PMID: 16608195]
  • J Mohan, K V H Sastry, J S Tyagi, G S Rao, R V Singh. Residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in the cloacal gland and other tissues of Japanese quail. British poultry science. 2006 Feb; 47(1):83-7. doi: 10.1080/00071660500468173. [PMID: 16546801]
  • C N Akujobi. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species from Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2005 Dec; 8(2):90-3. doi: NULL. [PMID: 16477860]
  • S Pant, G S Rao, K V H Sastry, H C Tripathi, Jagmohan, J K Malik. Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of pefloxacin and its metabolite norfloxacin in broiler chickens. British poultry science. 2005 Oct; 46(5):615-20. doi: 10.1080/00071660500255323. [PMID: 16359117]
  • Cristina Tuchiluş, Antonia Poiată, Ioana Bădicuţ, D Buiuc. [Susceptibility to norfloxacin of some bacterial strains causing urinary infections]. Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi. 2005 Apr; 109(2):383-6. doi: . [PMID: 16607805]
  • A Radi, M A El Ries, S Kandil. Spectroscopic and voltammetric studies of pefloxacin bound to calf thymus double-stranded DNA. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2005 Jan; 381(2):451-5. doi: 10.1007/s00216-004-2882-9. [PMID: 15657711]
  • C Pulcini, E Bernard, R Garraffo, P-M Roger, S Tempesta, P Dellamonica. [The use of fluoroquinolone plasma levels by physicians]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 2004 Dec; 33(21):1502-4. doi: 10.1016/s0755-4982(04)98971-3. [PMID: 15614171]
  • C Tesseromatis, A Kotsiou, C Mourouzis, Th Saranteas, A Potamianou, E Vairactaris. Light induced changes in quinolone levels in rat serum and tissues. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2004 Oct; 29(4):231-3. doi: 10.1007/bf03190604. [PMID: 15726883]
  • Gui-zhi Li, Yong-ming Liu, Gai-zhi Li. [Study on fluorescence characteristics of pefloxacin-La(III) complex and its application]. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu. 2004 Sep; 24(9):1086-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15762529]
  • Li-Ming Du, Jing-ping Wang, Cai-xia Wang. [The fluorescence characteristics of micelle inclusion of pefloxacin and its application]. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu. 2004 Jul; 24(7):855-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15766090]
  • Orish E Orisakwe, Dora N Akunyili, Patrick U Agbasi, Ndidi A Ezejiofor. Some plasma and saliva pharmacokinetics parameters of rifampicin in the presence of pefloxacin. American journal of therapeutics. 2004 Jul; 11(4):283-7. doi: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000117523.18923.4a. [PMID: 15266220]
  • J-P Daniel, B Moulin, D Christmann. [Pharmacokinetics and dose adaptation of ofloxacine, pefloxacine and ciprofloxacine during haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. Annales pharmaceutiques francaises. 2004 May; 62(3):177-85. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4509(04)94300-3. [PMID: 15243351]
  • Orish E Orisakwe, Patrick U Agbasi, Sabinus I Ofoefule, Ndidi A Ilondu, Onyenmechi J Afonne, Chikere A Anusiem, Cajetan E Ilo, Steve O Maduka. Effect of pefloxacin on the urinary excretion of rifampicin. American journal of therapeutics. 2004 Jan; 11(1):13-6. doi: 10.1097/00045391-200401000-00006. [PMID: 14704591]
  • Sandrine Marchand, Marylore Chenel, Isabelle Lamarche, Claudine Pariat, William Couet. Dose ranging pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of norfloxacin using microdialysis in rats. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2003 Dec; 92(12):2458-65. doi: 10.1002/jps.10504. [PMID: 14603491]
  • Michael E El-Kommos, Gamal A Saleh, Samia M El-Gizawi, Mohamed A Abou-Elwafa. Spectrofluorometric determination of certain quinolone antibacterials using metal chelation. Talanta. 2003 Jul; 60(5):1033-50. doi: 10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00171-1. [PMID: 18969129]
  • Maurice Biendo, Danièl Thomas, Olivier Dechepy, Geneviève Laurans, François Eb. Molecular epidemiology of ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM. 2003 Jun; 293(2-3):219-23. doi: 10.1078/1438-4221-00255. [PMID: 12868659]
  • B J Brown, A O Asinobi, O J Fatunde, K Osinusi, N A Fasina. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infection in children with sickle cell anaemia in Ibadan, Nigeria. West African journal of medicine. 2003 Jun; 22(2):110-3. doi: 10.4314/wajm.v22i2.27927. [PMID: 14529216]
  • A R Gascón, G Gutiérrez-Aragón, R M Hernández, J Errasti, J L Pedraz. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of pefloxacin plus metronidazole after administration as surgical prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2003 Jun; 41(6):267-74. doi: 10.5414/cpp41267. [PMID: 12816179]
  • A M Beltagi. Determination of the antibiotic drug pefloxacin in bulk form, tablets and human serum using square wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2003 Apr; 31(6):1079-88. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00656-8. [PMID: 12667924]
  • Roberto Leone, Mauro Venegoni, Domenico Motola, Ugo Moretti, Valentina Piazzetta, Alfredo Cocci, Domenico Resi, Federico Mozzo, Giampaolo Velo, Liliana Burzilleri, Nicola Montanaro, Anita Conforti. Adverse drug reactions related to the use of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: an analysis of spontaneous reports and fluoroquinolone consumption data from three italian regions. Drug safety. 2003; 26(2):109-20. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200326020-00004. [PMID: 12534327]
  • S Ewig, P Tuschy, G Fätkenheuer. [Diagnosis and treatment of legionella pneumonia]. Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany). 2002 Nov; 56(11):695-703. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-35548. [PMID: 12442211]
  • A M Abd El-Aty, A Goudah. Some pharmacokinetic parameters of pefloxacin in lactating goats. Veterinary research communications. 2002 Oct; 26(7):553-61. doi: 10.1023/a:1020243615928. [PMID: 12416870]
  • A R Gascón, E Campo, E Olea, R M Hernández, B Calvo, J Errasti, J L Pedraz. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of intravenous pefloxacin for antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary surgery. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 2002 Oct; 23(7):293-300. doi: 10.1002/bdd.321. [PMID: 12355580]
  • Andreas Labedzki, Jeroen Buters, Wafaâ Jabrane, Uwe Fuhr. Differences in caffeine and paraxanthine metabolism between human and murine CYP1A2. Biochemical pharmacology. 2002 Jun; 63(12):2159-67. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01019-5. [PMID: 12110375]
  • J K Malik, G S Rao, S Ramesh, S Muruganandan, H C Tripathi, D C Shukla. Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in goats after intravenous or oral administration. Veterinary research communications. 2002 Feb; 26(2):141-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1014047702196. [PMID: 11922483]
  • Eugénie Bergogne-Bérézin. Clinical role of protein binding of quinolones. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002; 41(10):741-50. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241100-00004. [PMID: 12162760]
  • L R Baden, G Horowitz, H Jacoby, G M Eliopoulos. Quinolones and false-positive urine screening for opiates by immunoassay technology. JAMA. 2001 Dec; 286(24):3115-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.24.3115. [PMID: 11754677]
  • H Sambatakou, E J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, N Galanakis, H Giamarellou. Pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in uncompensated cirrhosis: the significance of penetration in the ascitic fluid. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2001 Nov; 18(5):441-4. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00441-1. [PMID: 11711259]
  • L Ma, C Sun, J Wu. [Study of pefloxacin concentration in blood and sputum in the aged pneumonia patients with impairment of renal function]. Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. 2001 Oct; 24(10):596-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11770420]
  • M Tayfour, A Yuce, N Yulug. Comparison of minimum inhibitory concentration values for fluoroquinolones against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Saudi medical journal. 2001 Oct; 22(10):848-51. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11744939]
  • P L Wang, L Chen, Y F Fan. Selective separation and simultaneous determination of trace levels of five types of fluorinated quinolone drugs by thin-layer chromatography/fluorescence densitometry. Journal of AOAC International. 2001 May; 84(3):684-8. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/84.3.684. [PMID: 11417631]
  • A Giannopoulos, G Koratzanis, E J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, I Stinios, M Chrisofos, M Giannopoulou, H Giamarellou. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered pefloxacin in the prostate; perspectives for its application in surgical prophylaxis. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2001 Mar; 17(3):221-4. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00332-0. [PMID: 11282268]
  • S I Ofoefule, O E Onyeagba, O E Orisakwe. Effects of pefloxacin on urinary and salivary concentrations of isoniazid in six healthy female volunteers. American journal of therapeutics. 2000 Sep; 7(5):313-6. doi: 10.1097/00045391-200007050-00008. [PMID: 11317177]
  • A K Srivastava, V K Dumka, S S Deol. Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of pefloxacin after intravenous injection in crossbred calves. Veterinary research communications. 2000 Apr; 24(3):189-96. doi: 10.1023/a:1006408415431. [PMID: 10836277]
  • A Trichilis, C Tesserommatis, D Varonos. Changes in serum levels of quinolones in rats under the influence of experimental trauma. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2000 Apr; 25(2):73-8. doi: 10.1007/bf03190070. [PMID: 11112085]
  • M A Simonin, P Gegout-Pottie, A Minn, P Gillet, P Netter, B Terlain. Pefloxacin-induced achilles tendon toxicity in rodents: biochemical changes in proteoglycan synthesis and oxidative damage to collagen. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2000 Apr; 44(4):867-72. doi: 10.1128/aac.44.4.867-872.2000. [PMID: 10722483]
  • M A Simonin, P Gegout-Pottie, A Minn, P Gillet, P Netter, B Terlain. Proteoglycan and collagen biochemical variations during fluoroquinolone-induced chondrotoxicity in mice. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1999 Dec; 43(12):2915-21. doi: 10.1128/aac.43.12.2915. [PMID: 10582882]
  • P Gratteri, G Cruciani. Experimental design and multivariate calibration in the development, set-up and validation of a differential pulse polarographic and UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous plasmatic determination of the therapeutic metronidazole-pefloxacin combination. The Analyst. 1999 Nov; 124(11):1683-8. doi: 10.1039/a905038h. [PMID: 10746324]
  • F Kozjek, L J Suturkova, G Antolic, I Grabnar, A Mrhar. Kinetics of 4-fluoroquinolones permeation into saliva. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 1999 May; 20(4):183-91. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199905)20:4<183::aid-bdd178>3.0.co;2-b. [PMID: 10440793]
  • J A Bagon. Neuropsychiatric complications following quinolone overdose in renal failure. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1999 May; 14(5):1337. doi: 10.1093/ndt/14.5.1337a. [PMID: 10344402]
  • D Elkharrat, C Chastang, M Boudiaf, A Le Corre, L Raskine, C Caulin. Relevance in the emergency department of a decisional algorithm for outpatient care of women with acute pyelonephritis. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. 1999 Mar; 6(1):15-20. doi: NULL. [PMID: 10340729]
  • M Kinzig-Schippers, U Fuhr, M Zaigler, J Dammeyer, G Rüsing, A Labedzki, J Bulitta, F Sörgel. Interaction of pefloxacin and enoxacin with the human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1999 Mar; 65(3):262-74. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70105-0. [PMID: 10096258]
  • M Jelikić-Stankov, D Stankov, P Djurdjević. Determination of pefloxacin in serum by time-resolved fluorimetry. Die Pharmazie. 1999 Jan; 54(1):73-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9987802]
  • K G Naber, U Theuretzbacher, M Kinzig, O Savov, F Sörgel. Urinary excretion and bactericidal activities of a single oral dose of 400 milligrams of fleroxacin versus a single oral dose of 800 milligrams of pefloxacin in healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1998 Jul; 42(7):1659-65. doi: 10.1128/aac.42.7.1659. [PMID: 9661000]
  • L M Levasseur, A Delon, W R Greco, P Faury, S Bouquet, W Couet. Development of a new quantitative approach for the isobolographic assessment of the convulsant interaction between pefloxacin and theophylline in rats. Pharmaceutical research. 1998 Jul; 15(7):1069-76. doi: 10.1023/a:1011938429379. [PMID: 9688062]
  • C Förster, M Rücker, M Shakibaei, I Baumann-Wilschke, J Vormann, R Stahlmann. Effects of fluoroquinolones and magnesium deficiency in murine limb bud cultures. Archives of toxicology. 1998 Jun; 72(7):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s002040050521. [PMID: 9708880]
  • S H Gillespie, N Kennedy. Fluoroquinolones: a new treatment for tuberculosis?. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 1998 Apr; 2(4):265-71. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9559396]
  • K G Naber, M Well, K Hollauer, D Kirchbauer, W Witte. In vitro activity of enoxacin versus ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and rufloxacin against uropathogens. Chemotherapy. 1998 Mar; 44(2):77-84. doi: 10.1159/000007096. [PMID: 9551236]
  • B Jacoberger, G Ubeaud, G Freys, T Pottecher, L Jung, J C Koffel. Concentrations of pefloxacin in plasma and tissue after administration as surgical prophylaxis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1998 Feb; 42(2):425-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.42.2.425. [PMID: 9527798]
  • C Imperatore, G R Trimarchi, A De Sarro. Interaction between pefloxacin and aminophylline in genetically epilepsy-prone rats. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1997 Oct; 49(10):1025-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06035.x. [PMID: 9364414]