Fe2+ (BioDeep_00000010164)

描述信息

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron makes up 5\\% of the Earths crust and is second in abundance to aluminium among the metals and fourth in abundance among the elements. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. Iron (as Fe2+, ferrous ion) is a necessary trace element used by all known living organisms. Iron-containing enzymes, usually containing heme prosthetic groups, participate in catalysis of oxidation reactions in biology, and in transport of a number of soluble gases. Iron is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Inorganic iron involved in redox reactions is also found in the iron-sulfur clusters of many enzymes, such as nitrogenase (involved in the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen) and hydrogenase. A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions such as ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters). When the body is fighting a bacterial infection, the body sequesters iron inside of cells (mostly stored in the storage molecule ferritin) so that it cannot be used by bacteria. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia. Humans experience iron toxicity above 20 milligrams of iron for every kilogram of weight, and 60 milligrams per kilogram is a lethal dose. Over-consumption of iron, often the result of children eating large quantities of ferrous sulfate tablets intended for adult consumption, is the most common toxicological cause of death in children under six. The DRI lists the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults as 45 mg/day. For children under fourteen years old the UL is 40 mg/day. Iron is a metal extracted from iron ore, and is almost never found in the free elemental state.
Fe2+, also known as fe (ii) ion or fe(ii), is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. Homogeneous transition metal compounds are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. Fe2+ can be found in a number of food items such as soft-necked garlic, yardlong bean, common verbena, and purslane, which makes fe2+ a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Fe2+ can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine, as well as in human brain and liver tissues. Fe2+ exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, fe2+ is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include carnitine synthesis, cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic, porphyrin metabolism, and catecholamine biosynthesis. Fe2+ is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include tyrosinemia type 2 (or richner-hanhart syndrome), tyrosinemia type 3 (TYRO3), dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, and tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Moreover, fe2+ is found to be associated with alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis, and parkinsons disease.

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