Reaction Process: WikiPathways:WP4222

Cyclic AMP

C10H12N5O6P (329.0525182)

Cyclic amp, also known as camp or adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides. 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides are purine nucleotides in which the oxygen atoms linked to the C3 and C5 carbon atoms of the ribose moiety are both bonded the same phosphorus atom of the phosphate group. Cyclic amp is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclic amp can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, java plum, borage, and wakame, which makes cyclic amp a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyclic amp can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and urine, as well as throughout all human tissues. Cyclic amp exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, cyclic amp is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include dopamine activation of neurological reward system, excitatory neural signalling through 5-HTR 4 and serotonin, intracellular signalling through PGD2 receptor and prostaglandin D2, and thioguanine action pathway. Cyclic amp is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include adenosine deaminase deficiency, gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT). Moreover, cyclic amp is found to be associated with chronic renal failure, headache, meningitis, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway. It should not be confused with 5-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase) . Cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3- and 5-positions of the sugar moiety. cAMP is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. In humans and other mammals it is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon and ACTH. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is located at the inner side of cell membranes. Adenylate cyclase is activated by the hormones glucagon and adrenaline and by G protein. Liver adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. cAMP is primarily used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. cAMP is also involved in the activation of protein kinases. In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. HCN channels are sometimes referred to as pacemaker channels because they help to generate rhythmic activity within groups of heart and brain cells. [Spectral] 3,5-Cyclic AMP (exact mass = 329.05252) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3]. Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3]. Cyclic AMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), adenosine triphosphate derivative, is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in many biological processes[1][2][3].

3'-AMP

C10H14N5O7P (347.06308240000004)

Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2-, 3-, or 5-position. 3-AMP has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2-, 3-, or 5-position. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 11

Guanosine monophosphate

C10H14N5O8P (363.05799740000003)

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleoside monophosphate. Guanosine monophosphate is commercially produced by microbial fermentation. Guanosine monophosphate, also known as guanylic acid or 5-GMP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. These are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. Guanosine monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, guanosine monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme bis(5-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In addition, guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine diphosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the metabolic disorder called the lesch-nyhan syndrome (lns) pathway. Outside of the human body, guanosine monophosphate has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common cabbages, tea, winter squash, spearmints, and sugar apples. Guanosine-5-monophosphate, also known as 5-gmp or guanylic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. Guanosine-5-monophosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Guanosine-5-monophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as mustard spinach, swiss chard, watercress, and colorado pinyon, which makes guanosine-5-monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Guanosine-5-monophosphate can be found primarily in blood and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. Guanosine-5-monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, guanosine-5-monophosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include clarithromycin action pathway, erythromycin action pathway, minocycline action pathway, and tetracycline action pathway. Guanosine-5-monophosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency (xanthinuria), aICA-Ribosiduria, and molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Guanosine monophosphate is known as E number reference E626.[7] In the form of its salts, such as disodium guanylate (E627), dipotassium guanylate (E628) and calcium guanylate (E629), are food additives used as flavor enhancers to provide the umami taste.[7] It is often used in synergy with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5′-ribonucleotides. Disodium guanylate is often found in instant noodles, potato chips and snacks, savoury rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packet soup. As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of glutamic acid or monosodium glutamate (MSG), which also contribute umami. If inosinate and guanylate salts are present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, the glutamic acid is likely provided as part of another ingredient, such as a processed soy protein complex (hydrolyzed soy protein), autolyzed yeast, or soy sauce. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.

Cyclic GMP

C10H12N5O7P (345.0474332)

Cyclic-gmp, also known as cgmp or guanosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides. 3,5-cyclic purine nucleotides are purine nucleotides in which the oxygen atoms linked to the C3 and C5 carbon atoms of the ribose moiety are both bonded the same phosphorus atom of the phosphate group. Cyclic-gmp is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cyclic-gmp can be found in a number of food items such as common sage, jews ear, java plum, and pepper (c. chinense), which makes cyclic-gmp a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cyclic-gmp can be found primarily in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as throughout most human tissues. Cyclic-gmp exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cyclic-gmp is found to be associated with headache. Guanosine cyclic 3,5-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3- and 5-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Guanosine 5-triphosphate

C10H12N5O14P3-4 (518.9593642)