Reaction Process: Reactome:R-DRE-8939211
ESR-mediated signaling related metabolites
find 2 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) ESR-mediated signaling
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + F8W2D1 + HSP90:HSP90 + Pi + Q7SZQ8
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the corpus luteum and the placenta. Progesterone acts on the uterus, the mammary glands and the brain. It is required in embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for milk production. Progesterone, converted from pregnenolone, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal corticosteroids. Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. Progesterone is found to be associated with pregnene hydroxylation deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9779; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9777 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9837; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9835 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9731; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9729 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9824; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9822 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9851; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9849 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 550; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9793; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9791 Progestational hormone secreted by corpus luteum during menstrual cycleand is also found in the gonads and haemolymph of crustaceans, e.g. Artemia, Euphosia, Homarus, Pandalus and Penaeus spp (CCD). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DA - Pregnen (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4151 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1077 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Progesterone is a steroid hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnancy. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnancy.
27-Hydroxycholesterol
27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), also known as (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3β,26-diol or by its conventional name 26-hydroxycholesterol, is an oxygenated derivative of cholesterol and a major oxysterol in circulation (PMID: 7749852). 27-Hydroxycholesterol is the product of the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. The enzyme is critical for the degradation of the steroid side-chain and a genetic deficiency of the enzyme leads to reduced formation of bile acids in humans. There is a correlation between 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol in the circulation, and females have lower levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol than males. A strong correlation is observed between circulating levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol, in both healthy subjects and subjects with hypercholesterolemia and documented atherosclerosis. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is metabolized by an oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver. Changes in the activity of this enzyme may lead to the accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. It has been reported that patients with a genetic deficiency of oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver had markedly increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. However, under normal conditions and in the absence of liver or kidney disease, changes in the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation are likely to be caused by changes in the rate of synthesis of these steroids rather than by the rate of metabolism. There are three possible explanations for the high concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol found in the circulation of three subjects with atherosclerosis: (1) increased expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase owing to a genetic factor or some other factor completely unrelated to atherosclerosis, (2) the extrahepatic sterol 27-hydroxylase may be up-regulated by circulating factors (e.g. cytokines) that are directly or indirectly related to the development of atherosclerosis, and (3) the high amounts of cholesterol accumulating in macrophages in some patients with atherosclerosis may result in an increased flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol from the macrophages to the circulation. Since there is a close relation between levels of cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation, the possibility must be considered that the flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol into the brain may be part of the yet unexplained link between hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimers disease. 27-Hydroxysterol is the most dominant oxysterol in human atheromas where it may reflect a mechanism for eliminating excessive cholesterol, and thus have a protective role. Hypercholesterolemia and chronic low-grade immunological activation are pivotal in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the interconnections between these two factors are not well known. The CD40 system, as measured by the plasma level of soluble CD40 (sCD40), is associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic patients. When combined, a decreased cholesterol synthesis rate and increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol may be a consequence of high levels of cellular cholesterol, and therefore be related to sCD40. However, sCD40 had no significant correlation with total plasma cholesterol. This suggests that the cellular cholesterol synthesis rate and 27-hydroxycholesterol production are more importantly linked with the plasma levels of sCD40 than total cholesterol (PMID: 16081359, 17012138, 11504730, 9144161). 27-hydroxycholesterol is an oxygenated derivative of cholesterol and a major oxysterol in circulation. 27-hydroxycholesterol is the product of the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. The enzyme is critical for degradation of the steroid side-chain and a genetic deficiency of the enzyme leads to reduced formation of bile acids in humans. There is a correlation between 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol in the circulation, and females have lower levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol than males. A strong correlation is observed between circulating levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol, in both healthy subjects and subjects with hypercholesterolemia and documented atherosclerosis. 27-hydroxycholesterol is metabolized by an oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase in the liver, and changes in the activity of this enzyme may lead to accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. It has been reported that patients with a genetic deficiency of oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase in the liver had markedly increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. Under normal conditions, however, and in the absence of liver or kidney disease, changes in the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation are likely to be caused by changes in the rate of synthesis of these steroids rather than by the rate of metabolism. Three possible explanations for the high concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol found in the circulation of the three subjects with atherosclerosis could be: 1) Increased expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase owing to a genetic factor or some other factor completely unrelated to atherosclerosis. 2) The extrahepatic sterol 27-hydroxylase may be up-regulated by circulating factors (e.g. cytokines) that are directly or indirectly related to the development of atherosclerosis. 3) The high amounts of cholesterol accumulating in macrophages in some patients with atherosclerosis may result in increased flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol from the macrophages to the circulation. (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol is a 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a neuroprotective agent, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholesterol. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is an endogenous metabolite of cholesterol produced by the hydroxylation of the carbon at position 27 by the enzyme sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP27A1). Some neoplasms produce excess of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) or inhibit its catabolism, and high cholesterol levels are correlated with elevated levels of 27HC; under these conditions, 27HC may have deleterious selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and liver X receptor (LXR) agonistic activities. As a SERM, 27HC binds to and prevents the activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the vasculature. This prevents ER-mediated vasodilation and abrogates the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen. However, 27HC binds to and activates ERs and LXRs in breast tissue, which stimulates ER-dependent breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor.
