NCBI Taxonomy: 6521
Lymnaeidae (ncbi_taxid: 6521)
found 5 associated metabolites at family taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Lymnaeoidea
Child Taxonomies: Radix, Lymnaea, Fossaria, Bulimnea, Lanx, Bullastra, Galba, Myxas, Stagnicola, Erinna, Austropeplea, Ferissia, Kutikina, Racesina, Cerasina, Bakerilymnaea, Hinkleyia, Fisherola, Pseudosuccinea, Omphiscola, Peregriana, Catascopia, Tibetoradix, Ampullaceana, Orientogalba, Ladislavella, Kamtschaticana, Aenigmomphiscola, environmental samples, unclassified Lymnaeidae
Lactic acid
D-lactic acid, also known as D-lactate or D-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, belongs to alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. D-lactic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-lactic acid can be found in a number of food items such as tamarind, onion-family vegetables, allspice, and acerola, which makes D-lactic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D-lactic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. D-lactic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, D-lactic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include pyruvaldehyde degradation and pyruvate metabolism. D-lactic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include pyruvate kinase deficiency, pyruvate decarboxylase E1 component deficiency (PDHE1 deficiency), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, and leigh syndrome. Moreover, D-lactic acid is found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 and schizophrenia. D-lactic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion and as high as 25 mmol/L afterward . Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. D-Lactic acid is the end product of the enzyme glyoxalase II (or hydroxyacyl-glutathione hydrolase) (EC 3.1.2.6), which converts the intermediate substrate S-lactoyl-glutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate (OMIM: 138790). Lactic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Aerococcus, Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus and Weissella (PMID:26287368; PMID:26360870).
lactic acid
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, also known as lactic acid or lactate, belongs to alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid can be synthesized from propionic acid. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactic acid, and lactate ester. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is an odorless tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, potato, apple, and ginkgo nuts, which makes 2-hydroxypropanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is a drug which is used for use as an alkalinizing agent. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion and as high as 25 mmol/L afterward . Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2]. Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2].
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
