Exact Mass: 963.2615
Exact Mass Matches: 963.2615
Found 23 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 963.2615,
within given mass tolerance error 4.0E-5 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
8.0E-6 dalton.
3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA
3-oxododecanoyl-coa, also known as 3-oxolauroyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-oxododecanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-oxododecanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-oxododecanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-oxododecanoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA into 3-oxododecanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-oxododecanoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ket... 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA is a human metabolite involved in the fatty acid elongation in mitochondria pathway. The enzyme acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase catalyzes the formation of this metabolite from Acetyl-CoA. [HMDB]
(3S)-3-Hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoyl-CoA
(3S)-3-Hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA with (3S)-3-hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoate moiety. An acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid inside living cells. The compound undergoes beta oxidation, forming one or more molecules of acetyl-CoA. This, in turn, enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several molecules of ATP. (3S)-3-hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Di-unsaturated fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. In the reaction, it acts as the precursor of producing (3S)-3-hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoyl-CoA[X]. (3S)-3-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA is an acy-CoA with (3S)-3-hydroxydodec-cis-6-enoate moiety.
3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA
3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA is a human metabolite involved in the fatty acid elongation in mitochondria pathway. The enzyme long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA to (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA.3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoAis an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism, being the substrate of the enzymes beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.211-1.1.1.35]; 3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, the substrate of the enzymes enoyl-CoA hydratase and long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase [EC 4.2.1.17-4.2.1.74]. (KEGG) [HMDB] 3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA is a human metabolite involved in the fatty acid elongation in mitochondria pathway. The enzyme long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA to (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA. 3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism, being the substrate of the enzymes beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.211-1.1.1.35]; 3(S)-3-hydroxydodecen-(5Z)-oyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, the substrate of the enzymes enoyl-CoA hydratase and long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase [EC 4.2.1.17-4.2.1.74]. (KEGG).
3-oxo-dodecanoyl-CoA
3-oxo-dodecanoyl-CoA is classified as a member of the 3-oxo-acyl CoAs. 3-oxo-acyl CoAs are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative. 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-CoA is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-CoA is a fatty ester lipid molecule
(4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA
(4e)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4E)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4e)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4e)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4e)-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA into (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4E)-3-Hydroxydodec-4-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of ...
(8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA
(8z)-3-hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (8Z)-3-hydroxydodec-8-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (8z)-3-hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (8z)-3-hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (8z)-3-hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA into (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (8Z)-3-Hydroxydodec-8-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of ...
(7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA
(7e)-5-hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (7E)-5-hydroxydodec-7-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (7e)-5-hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (7e)-5-hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (7e)-5-hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA into (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (7E)-5-Hydroxydodec-7-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of ...
(9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA
(9e)-7-hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (9E)-7-hydroxydodec-9-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (9e)-7-hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (9e)-7-hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (9e)-7-hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA into (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (9E)-7-Hydroxydodec-9-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of ...
(10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA
(10e)-8-hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (10E)-8-hydroxydodec-10-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (10e)-8-hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 12 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (10e)-8-hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (10e)-8-hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA into (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (10E)-8-Hydroxydodec-10-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydras...
3-Oxolauroyl-CoA
An oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-oxolauroic acid.
