Exact Mass: 549.4032278

Exact Mass Matches: 549.4032278

Found 154 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 549.4032278, within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error 0.01 dalton.

LysoPC(20:1(11Z)/0:0)

(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(11Z)-icos-11-enoyloxy]propyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

LysoPC(20:1(11Z)) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. Lysophosphatidylcholines can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) position. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. LysoPC(20:1(11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of eicosenoic acid at the C-1 position. The eicosenoic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils and cod oils. Lysophosphatidylcholine is found in small amounts in most tissues. It is formed by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2, as part of the de-acylation/re-acylation cycle that controls its overall molecular species composition. It can also be formed inadvertently during extraction of lipids from tissues if the phospholipase is activated by careless handling. In blood plasma significant amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine are formed by a specific enzyme system, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which is secreted from the liver. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acids of position sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine to the free cholesterol in plasma, with formation of cholesterol esters and lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophospholipids have a role in lipid signaling by acting on lysophospholipid receptors (LPL-R). LPL-Rs are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins. [HMDB] LysoPC(20:1(11Z)) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. Lysophosphatidylcholines can have different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 (sn-1) position. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. LysoPC(20:1(11Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of eicosenoic acid at the C-1 position. The eicosenoic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils and cod oils. Lysophosphatidylcholine is found in small amounts in most tissues. It is formed by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2, as part of the de-acylation/re-acylation cycle that controls its overall molecular species composition. It can also be formed inadvertently during extraction of lipids from tissues if the phospholipase is activated by careless handling. In blood plasma significant amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine are formed by a specific enzyme system, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which is secreted from the liver. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acids of position sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine to the free cholesterol in plasma, with formation of cholesterol esters and lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophospholipids have a role in lipid signaling by acting on lysophospholipid receptors (LPL-R). LPL-Rs are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins.

PC(18:1(9Z)e/2:0)

(2-{[(2R)-2-(acetyloxy)-3-[(9Z)-octadec-9-en-1-yloxy]propyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

2-Acetyl-1-(9Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in ether lipid metabolism. 2-Acetyl-1-(9Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is converted from 2-acetyl-1-octadecyl-sn-glycerol via diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC: 2.7.8.2). This is an ether lipid with platelet-activating factor functions which has an acetyl group instead of an acyl chain at the second position (SN-2). Ether lipids are lipids in which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol is bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester linkage.While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. PCs can be synthesized via three different routes. In one route, choline is activated first by phosphorylation and then by coupling to CDP prior to attachment to phosphatidic acid. PCs can also synthesized by the addition of choline to CDP-activated 1,2-diacylglycerol. A third route to PC synthesis involves the conversion of either PS or PE to PC. 2-Acetyl-1-(9Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in ether lipid metabolism. 2-Acetyl-1-(9Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is converted from 2-acetyl-1-octadecyl-sn-glycerol via diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC: 2.7.8.2). This is an ether lipid with platelet-activating factor functions which has an acetyl group instead of an acyl chain at the second position (SN-2). Ether lipids are lipids in which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol is bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester linkage.

15-(3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoylcarnitine

3-{[15-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C33H59NO5 (549.4393004)

15-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 15-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 15-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a very-long chain AC. As a very long-chain acylcarnitine 15-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentadecanoylcarnitine is generally formed in the cytoplasm from very long acyl groups synthesized by fatty acid synthases or obtained from the diet. Very-long-chain fatty acids are generally too long to be involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation. As a result peroxisomes are the main organelle where very-long-chain fatty acids are metabolized and their acylcarnitines synthesized (PMID: 18793625). Altered levels of very long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of peroxisomal metabolism. The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Chenodeoxycholylcitrulline

2-[(4-{5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadecan-14-yl}-1-hydroxypentylidene)amino]-5-[(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)amino]pentanoate

C30H51N3O6 (549.3777666000001)

Chenodeoxycholylcitrulline belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Chenodeoxycholylcitrulline consists of the bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Citrulline conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Chenodeoxycholylcitrulline, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176). Chenodeoxycholylcitrulline appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070).

Deoxycholylcitrulline

2-[(4-{5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadecan-14-yl}-1-hydroxypentylidene)amino]-5-[(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)amino]pentanoate

C30H51N3O6 (549.3777666000001)

Deoxycholylcitrulline belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Deoxycholylcitrulline consists of the bile acid deoxycholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Citrulline conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Deoxycholylcitrulline, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176). Deoxycholylcitrulline appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070).

1-(9Z-Eicosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

(2-{[2-hydroxy-3-(icos-9-enoyloxy)propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

[2-(Octadecoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

2-((Hydroxy-((2-((octadecyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methoxy)phosphinyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethylaminium hydroxide inner salt

C29H60NO6P (549.415803)

Phosphatidylcholine lyso 20:1

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

O2-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-3-Methyl-2-[6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-1,3-butanediol

C36H55NO3 (549.418172)

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

LPC(20:1)

1-Eicosenoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

PC(20:1(11Z)/0:0)

1-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

PC O-20:1

1-o-(cis-9-octadecenyl)-2-o-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

LPC 20:1

A 1-icosenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the the double bond of the icosenoyl group is at the 11-12 position and has Z configuration.

1-(9Z-eicosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

phosphatidylcholine (0:0/20:1)

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine which carries a monounsaturated 20 carbon fatty acyl group at position 2. The position of unsaturation is unspecified.

lysophosphatidylcholine 20:1

C28H56NO7P (549.3794196)

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 20 carbons and 1 double bond. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.