Exact Mass: 208.06098

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 19 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens

Dihydrolipoate

dl-Dihydro-α-6-thioctic acid

C8H16O2S2 (208.0591676)

Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups. It is optically active but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.( from Wiki). Inside the cell, alpha lipoic acid is readily reduced or broken down to dihydrolipoic acid. Dihydrolipoic acid is even more potent than alpha lipoic acid, neutralizing free radicals, preventing them from causing harm. It directly destroys damaging superoxide radicals, hydroperoxy radicals and hydroxyl radicals. It has been shown in vitro that dihydrolipoate (DL-6,8-dithioloctanoic acid) has antioxidant activity against microsomal lipid peroxidation.Dihydrolipoate is tested for its neuroprotective activity using models of hypoxic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in vitro and rodent models of cerebral ischemia in vivo. Dihydrolipoate, similarly to dimethylthiourea, is able to protect neurons against ischemic damage by diminishing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the cerebral tissue.(PMID: 1345759). Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups. It is optically active but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.( from Wiki) D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 162

Anthraquinone

9,10-Anthraquinone, radical ion (1-)

Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation. Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation.

4-(1,2-Epoxyethyl)-8,9-epoxy-enediyne

Methyl 5-(1-Propynyl)-2-thiophenepropanoate

Methyl 3-[5-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl]propanoic acid

C11H12O2S (208.0557972)

Methyl 5-(1-Propynyl)-2-thiophenepropanoate is found in herbs and spices. Methyl 5-(1-Propynyl)-2-thiophenepropanoate is isolated from Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) roo Isolated from Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) root. Methyl 5-(1-Propynyl)-2-thiophenepropanoate is found in herbs and spices.

Cysteinyl-Serine

2-[(2-Amino-1-hydroxy-3-sulphanylpropylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Cysteinyl-Serine is a dipeptide composed of cysteine and serine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. This dipeptide has not yet been identified in human tissues or biofluids and so it is classified as an Expected metabolite.

Serylcysteine

(2R)-2-{[(2S)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-3-sulphanylpropanoic acid

Serylcysteine is a dipeptide composed of serine and cysteine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis.

Aminofurantoin

1-{[(5-aminofuran-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-one

Aminofurantoin is a metabolite of nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic which is marketed under the following brand names; Urifast 100mg (The BID Nitrofurantoin, Brand of Cipla Uro1)Niftran, Furadantin, Furabid, Macrobid, Macrodantin, Nitrofur Mac, Nitro Macro, Nifty-SR, Martifur-MR, Martifur-100 (in India), Urantoin, and Uvamin (in Middle East). It is usually used in treating urinary tract infection. It is often used against E. coli. (Wikipedia)

Lanthionine

(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}propanoic acid

Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH). It is typically formed by a cysteine residue and a dehydrated serine residue. Despite its name, lanthionine does not contain the element lanthanum. Lanthionine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-cysteine-S-conjugates. These are compounds containing L-cysteine where the thio-group is conjugated. Lanthionine is a uremic toxin (PMID: 30087103). In 1941, lanthionine was first isolated by treating wool with sodium carbonate. It was found to be a sulfur-containing amino acid; accordingly it was given the name lanthionine [wool (Latin: Lana), sulfur (Greek: theîon)].[1] Lanthionine was first synthesized by alkylation of cysteine with β-chloroalanine.[2] Lanthionines are found widely in nature. They have been isolated from human hair, lactalbumin, and feathers. Lanthionines have also been found in bacterial cell walls and are the components of a group of gene-encoded peptide antibiotics called lantibiotics, which includes nisin (a food preservative), subtilin, epidermin (effective against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus), and ancovenin (an enzyme inhibitor).[3][4] L-Lanthionine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=922-55-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 922-55-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

1,2-Anthraquinone

1,2-dihydroanthracene-1,2-dione

C10H12N2OS (208.06703019999998)

3,5-Dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazolidin-4-one

3,5-Dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazolidin-4-one, (+)-cis isomer

DL-Lanthionine

2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid

4,6-Bis(methylthio)hexanoic acid

4,6-Bis(methylsulphanyl)hexanoic acid

C8H16O2S2 (208.0591676)

4-O-Methylglucuronic acid

(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid

4-o-methylglucuronic acid belongs to glucuronic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 4-o-methylglucuronic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-o-methylglucuronic acid can be found in cashew nut and european plum, which makes 4-o-methylglucuronic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

4-O-Methyl-D-glucuronsaeure|O3-methyl-D-glucuronic acid|O3-Methyl-D-glucuronsaeure

a-methyl glucuronic acid

SCHEMBL21964008

3,8-Di-Me-2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-Pteridinetrione

Moenuronic acid

Lanthionine

An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.

Isotachin A

C11H12O2S (208.0557972)

1,8-Di-Me-2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-Pteridinetrione

(Z,Z)-3-[5-(1-Propenyl)2-thienyl]-2-propenoic acid|cis,cis-5-(Propen-(1)-yl)-2-(2-methoxycarbonylvinyl-(1))-thiophen|cis,cis-5--2-<2-methoxycarbonylvinyl-(1)>-thiophen

C11H12O2S (208.0557972)

6,8-Di-Me-2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-Pteridinetrione

Anthraquinone

9,10-anthraquinone;9,10-anthracenedione;anthraquinone;anthracene-9,10-dione;9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthracenedione anthraquinone anthracene-9,10-dione