Classification Term: 4046

Choline

[C5H14NO]+ (104.10753340000001)

Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While humans can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine into methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also leads to elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase and is associated with increased incidence of liver cancer. Nutritional supplement. Occurs free and combined in many animal and vegetable foods with highest concentrations found in egg yolk, meat, fish, milk, cereaks and legumes Choline. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62-49-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 62-49-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

betaine aldehyde hydrate

C5H14NO2+ (120.1024484)

Betaine aldehyde hydrate, also known as glycine betaine aldehyde hydric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as cholines. Cholines are organic compounds containing a N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Betaine aldehyde hydrate is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Betaine aldehyde hydrate can be found in a number of food items such as wax apple, winter squash, cabbage, and common oregano, which makes betaine aldehyde hydrate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Phenacetyl-carnitine

C15H22NO4+ (280.1548752)

Choline ascorbate

C11H21NO7 (279.13179560000003)

Choline ascorbate is also known as choline ascorbic acid. Choline ascorbate is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Choline ascorbate can be found in wild celery, which makes choline ascorbate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.