Classification Term: 250

Penicillins (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000174)

Organic compounds containing the penicillin core structure, which is structurally characterized by a penam ring bearing two methyl groups at position 2, and an amide group at position 6 [starting from the sulfur atom at position 1]." []

found 15 associated metabolites at family metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.

Ancestor: Penams

Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.

Ampicillin

(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylethanoyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylIC ACID

C16H19N3O4S (349.10962140000004)


Ampicillin is found in common pea. It is also a potential contaminant of cows milk arising from its veterinary use. Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. It is considered part of the aminopenicillin family and is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic KEIO_ID A197

   

Amoxicillin

(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C16H19N3O5S (365.10453640000003)


Amoxicillin (International Nonproprietary Name), or amoxycillin (British Approved Name), is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, -lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to ampicillin except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration (PubChem). Amoxicillin is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and a limited range of Gram-negative organisms. It is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, and so may be given with clavulanic acid to increase its susceptibility. The incidence of beta-lactamase-producing resistant organisms, including E. coli, appears to be increasing. Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell wall. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that amoxicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Amoxicillin is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral administration, than other -lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin in trihydrate form is available as capsules, chewable and dispersible tablets, syrup and pediatric suspension for oral use, and as the sodium salt for intravenous administration. It is one of the most common antibiotics prescribed for children, and the liquid forms are helpful in cases where the patient might find it difficult to take tablets or capsules. It has three ionizable groups. Amoxicillin as a once-daily dosing form (Moxatag) was approved by the American FDA in January 2008. Amoxicillin is one of the semi-synthetic penicillins discovered by Beecham scientists. The patent for amoxicillin has expired, thus amoxicillin is marketed under many trade names, including Actimoxi, Alphamox, AMK, Amoksibos, Amoxiclav Sandoz, Amoxidal, Amoxil, Amoxin, Amoksiklav, Amoxibiotic, Amoxicilina, Apo-Amoxi, Augmentin, Bactox, Betalaktam, Cilamox, Curam, Dedoxil, Dispermox, Duomox, E-Mox (250mg and 500 mg), Enhancin, Gimalxina, Geramox, Hiconcil, Isimoxin, Klavox, Lamoxy, Moxatag, Moxilen, Moxypen, Moxyvit, Nobactam, Novamoxin, Ospamox, Panklav, Pamoxicillin, Panamox, Polymox, Samthongcillin, Clamoxyl, Senox, Sinacilin, Trimox, Tolodina, Wymox, Yucla, Zerrsox, and Zimox. Amoxicillin is found in milk and milk products. It is a potential contaminant in cows milk arising from its veterinary use. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

   

Bacampicillin

1-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C21H27N3O7S (465.15696320000006)


Bacampicillin is a prodrug of ampicillin and is microbiologically inactive. It is absorbed following oral administration. During absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, bacampicillin is hydrolyzed by esterases present in the intestinal wall. It is microbiologically active as ampicillin, and exerts a bactericidal action through the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptides. It is used to cure infection of upper and lower respiratory tract; skin and soft tissue; urinary tract and acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis etc. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

   

Hetacillin

(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(4R)-2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylimidazolidin-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C19H23N3O4S (389.14091980000006)


Hetacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name penicillin can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Hetacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Hetacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Hetacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01074

   

Cyclacillin

4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylicacid, 6-[[(1-aminocyclohexyl)carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S,5R,6R)-

C15H23N3O4S (341.1409198)


Cyclacillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cyclohexylamido analog of penicillanic acid. [PubChem]The bactericidal activity of cyclacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cyclacillin is stable in the presence of a variety of b-lactamases, including penicillinases and some cephalosporinases. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01334

   

Azidocillin

(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-azido-2-phenylacetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C16H17N5O4S (375.10012020000005)


Azidocillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a penicillin antibiotic similir to ampicillin.By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Azidocillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Azidocillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CE - Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

   

KBT 1585 hydrochloride

(5-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 6-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate

C21H23N3O7S (461.12566480000004)


   

Epicillin

6-[2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C16H21N3O4S (351.1252706)


   

metampicillin

6-{[1-hydroxy-2-(methylideneamino)-2-phenylethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate

C17H19N3O4S (361.10962140000004)


   

Penethamate

N-(2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]carbonyl}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl)-2-phenylethanimidate

C22H31N3O4S (433.20351660000006)


   

Penicillin X

6-{[1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate

C16H18N2O5S (350.0936378)


   

Cilligen

6-Amino-2-{[hydroxy({6-[(1-hydroxy-2-phenylethylidene)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl})methylidene]amino}hexanoate

C22H30N4O5S (462.193681)


   

Sarpicillin

Methoxymethyl 6-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylimidazolidin-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

C21H27N3O5S (433.1671332000001)


D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams

   

Sultamicillin

2-Amino-N-{2-[({3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carbonyloxy}methoxy)carbonyl]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl}-2-phenylethanimidate

C25H30N4O9S2 (594.1454130000001)


   

Temocillin

6-{[2-carboxy-1-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethylidene]amino}-6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate

C16H18N2O7S2 (414.05553979999996)