Classification Term: 1571

all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate

C30H52O7P2 (586.3188102)

all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of the hexaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway. In this pathway, multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form various polyisoprenoids. There are two different pathways for the biosynthesis of IPP. Bacteria that possess ubiquinone generally use the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP), while the eukaryotic microorganisms use the mevalonate pathway. However, exceptions exist. For example, some eukaryotic microbes, like the green algae and the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, appear to utilize the MEP pathway, and some bacteria utilize the mevalonate pathway (Eisenreich01, Eisenreich04). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, the initial addition of two isoprenyl units to form (E, E)-farnesyl diphosphate is catalyzed by geranyltransferase / dimethylallyltransferase, encoded by FPP1. An additional unit is added by farnesyltranstransferase (encoded by BTS1), resulting in the formation of all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate. The last enzyme in this pathway is hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (encoded by COQ1), which adds additional isoprenoid units to a maximal length unique to the organism. In the case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, it is 6 units. Polyprenyl diphosphate synthase enzymes, such as hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase, are responsible for determining the final length of the tail. When yeast COQ1 mutants are complemented with homologs from other organisms, ubiquinone biosynthesis is restored, but the tail length of the quinone depends on the source of the enzyme. All-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of hexaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway.In this pathway multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form various polyisoprenoids.

Solanesyl-PP

C45H76O7P2 (790.5066006000001)

all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate

C35H60O7P2 (654.381407)

all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of the heptaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway. In this pathway, multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form a polyisoprenoid chain. The sequential addition of isoprenyl units to all-trans-farnesyl diphosphate is performed by polyprenyl diphosphate synthase enzymes such as the E. coli enzyme octaprenyl diphosphate synthase. Additional isoprenoid units are added to a maximal length that is determined by the specific enzyme. Most organisms generate polyprenyl chains of predominantly one length. Once completed, the polyprenyl chain is incorporated into other molecules, such as quinones. The enzyme that attaches the polyprenyl chain to the quinone precursor molecule does not have a preference for any particular length. Thus, the length of the polyprenyl chain in the mature quinone molecule is determined by the predominant polyprenyl diphosphate synthase enzyme of the organism. In most organisms, there is one type of predominant quinone, with a specific polyprenyl chain length. However, most organisms also have minor amounts of quinones with a different polyprenyl chain length. Organisms whose main quinone contains a chain of 7 isoprenyl units include some Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. the gliding bacterium Flexibacter elegans and the phototroph Allochromatium vinosum strain D), but mostly Gram-positive bacteria, such as many members of the Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Listeria genera. All-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate is the final product of heptaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis pathway.In this pathway multiple units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) undergo a series of polymerizations to form a polyisoprenoid chain.

Undecaprenyl diphosphate

C55H92O7P2 (926.6317942)

all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate

C50H84O7P2 (858.5691974)

All-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate is part of the Cofactor biosynthesis, and Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathways. It is a substrate for: Decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 2, and Decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1.

Dodecaprenyl diphosphate

C60H100O7P2 (994.6943910000001)

Dodecaprenyl diphosphate is a polyisoprenoid, which contains multiple isoprene units. It is an intermediate in tridecaprenyl diphosphate, menaquinone-12 (vitamin K2)and linoleate biosynthesis. Dodecaprenyl diphosphate is converted. from undecaprenyl diphosphate and is converted to tridecaprenyl diphosphate via the enzyme solanesyl-diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.11). Dodecaprenyl diphosphate is a polyisoprenoid, which contains multiple isoprene units. It is an intermediate in tridecaprenyl diphosphate, menaquinone-12 (vitamin K2)and linoleate biosynthesis. Dodecaprenyl diphosphate is converted

all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate

C45H73O7P2 (787.4831267999999)

All-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate is a member of the class of compounds known as bactoprenol diphosphates. Bactoprenol diphosphates are polyprenyl compounds consisting of a diphosphate group substituted by a bactoprenyl moiety. All-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). All-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as cloudberry, wild celery, sesbania flower, and nanking cherry, which makes all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.