Magnesium (BioDeep_00000641216)

描述信息

Magnesium, also known as magnesium ion or magnesium, ion (mg(2+)), is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds. Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkaline earth metal atom. Magnesium can be found in a number of food items such as cocoa bean, evening primrose, skunk currant, and chinese cabbage, which makes magnesium a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Magnesium can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Magnesium exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, magnesium is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include valdecoxib action pathway, nisoldipine action pathway, ketorolac action pathway, and nitrendipine action pathway. Magnesium is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include sialuria or french type sialuria, hypophosphatasia, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and phenylketonuria. Moreover, magnesium is found to be associated with alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis, parkinsons disease, and primary hypomagnesemia. Magnesium occurs naturally only in combination with other elements, where it invariably has a +2 oxidation state. The free element (metal) can be produced artificially, and is highly reactive (though in the atmosphere, it is soon coated in a thin layer of oxide that partly inhibits reactivity — see passivation). The free metal burns with a characteristic brilliant-white light. The metal is now obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine, and is used primarily as a component in aluminium-magnesium alloys, sometimes called magnalium or magnelium. Magnesium is less dense than aluminium, and the alloy is prized for its combination of lightness and strength .
Magnesium salts are essential in nutrition, being required for the activity of many enzymes, especially those concerned with oxidative phosphorylation. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is a component of both intra- and extracellular fluids and is excreted in the urine and feces. Deficiency causes irritability of the nervous system with tetany, vasodilatation, convulsions, tremors, depression, and psychotic behavior. Magnesium ion in large amounts is an ionic laxative, and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is sometimes used for this purpose. So-called "milk of magnesia" is a water suspension of one of the few insoluble magnesium compounds, magnesium hydroxide; the undissolved particles give rise to its appearance and name. Milk of magnesia is a mild base, and is commonly used as an antacid. Moreover, magnesium is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

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