Canrenone (BioDeep_00000018423)

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite

代谢物信息卡片

(1S,2R,2R,10R,11S,15S)-2,15-dimethylspiro[oxolane-2,14-tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecane]-6,8-diene-5,5-dione

化学式: C22H28O3 (340.2038338)
中文名称: 坎利酮
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC12CCC(=O)C=C1C=CC1C2CCC2(C)C1CCC21CCC(=O)O1
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H28O3/c1-20-9-5-15(23)13-14(20)3-4-16-17(20)6-10-21(2)18(16)7-11-22(21)12-8-19(24)25-22/h3-4,13,16-18H,5-12H2,1-2H3/t16-,17+,18+,20+,21+,22-/m1/s1

描述信息

Canrenone is the major metabolite of spironolactone. Spironolactone is a competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist (ARA), has traditionally been the treatment of first choice in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and for preoperative management of aldosterone producing adenoma (APA), and its therapeutic properties are attributable to active metabolite canrenone. Canrenone and the K+ salt of canrenoate are also in clinical use: they avoid the formation of intermediate products with anti-androgenic and progestational actions, resulting in a decreased incidence of side effects. (PMID: 10790593) [HMDB]
Canrenone is the major metabolite of spironolactone. Spironolactone is a competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist (ARA), has traditionally been the treatment of first choice in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and for preoperative management of aldosterone producing adenoma (APA), and its therapeutic properties are attributable to active metabolite canrenone. Canrenone and the K+ salt of canrenoate are also in clinical use: they avoid the formation of intermediate products with anti-androgenic and progestational actions, resulting in a decreased incidence of side effects. (PMID:10790593).
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000451 - Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03D - Aldosterone antagonists and other potassium-sparing agents > C03DA - Aldosterone antagonists
C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C448 - Diuretic > C49186 - Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents
D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
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Canrenone (Aldadiene) is an aldosterone antagonist extensively used as a diuretic agent.

同义名列表

16 个代谢物同义名

(1S,2R,2R,10R,11S,15S)-2,15-dimethylspiro[oxolane-2,14-tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecane]-6,8-diene-5,5-dione; 3-(3-oxo-17b-Hydroxy-4,6-androstadien-17a-yl)propionic acid g-lactone; 3-(17b-Hydroxy-3-oxoandrosta-4,6-dien-17a-yl)propionic acid g-lactone; 3-(3-oxo-17b-Hydroxyandrosta-4,6-dien-17a-yl)-propionic acid lactone; 3-(17b-Hydroxy-3-oxoandrosta-4,6-dien-17a-yl)propionic acid lactone; 17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-17a-pregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid g-lactone; 17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-17a-pregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid lactone; 17a-(2-Carboxyethyl)-17b-hydroxyandrosta-4,6-dien-3-one lactone; 17b-Hydroxy-3-oxopregna-4,6-diene-21-carboxylic acid; 20-Spiroxa-4,6-diene-3,21-dione; SC-9376Canrenone; R.P., 11614; Phanurane; Aldadiene; Canrenone; SC9376

数据库引用编号

13 个数据库交叉引用编号

ChEBI: CHEBI:135445
PubChem: 13789
HMDB: HMDB0003033
DrugBank: DB12221
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1463345
Wikipedia: Canrenone
MeSH: Canrenone
foodb: FDB023096
chemspider: 13192
CAS: 976-71-6
PMhub: MS000007882
RefMet: Canrenone
medchemexpress: HY-B1438

分类词条

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

9606 - Homo sapiens: -

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

文献列表

Natalia I Agalakova, Yulia N Grigorova, Ivan A Ershov, Vitaly A Reznik, Elena V Mikhailova, Olga V Nadei, Leticia Samuilovskaya, Larisa A Romanova, C David Adair, Irina V Romanova, Alexei Y Bagrov. Canrenone Restores Vasorelaxation Impaired by Marinobufagenin in Human Preeclampsia. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Mar; 23(6):. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063336. [PMID: 35328757]
Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
Edmund Ym Chung, Marinella Ruospo, Patrizia Natale, Davide Bolignano, Sankar D Navaneethan, Suetonia C Palmer, Giovanni Fm Strippoli. Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020 10; 10(?):CD007004. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd007004.pub4. [PMID: 33107592]
Tun-Pin Hsueh, Tung-Hu Tsai. Preclinical study of simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang and spironolactone. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2020 Aug; 20(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03042-y. [PMID: 32799863]
Gian Paolo Rossi, Giulio Ceolotto, Giacomo Rossitto, Giuseppe Maiolino, Maurizio Cesari, Teresa Maria Seccia. Effects of Mineralocorticoid and AT1 Receptor Antagonism on The Aldosterone-Renin Ratio In Primary Aldosteronism-the EMIRA Study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2020 06; 105(6):. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa080. [PMID: 32067030]
Peng Guo, Qiucheng Liang, Juntao Zheng, Jinmin Chen, Yanping Guan, Liang Ding, Fulin Jiang, Xuewen Chen, Min Huang, Ailan Chen, Guoping Zhong. Simultaneous determination of canrenone, digoxin and tolvaptan by UHPLC-MS/MS: application in heart failure patients. Bioanalysis. 2020 May; 12(9):569-582. doi: 10.4155/bio-2020-0037. [PMID: 32469241]
Naoual Dahmana, Laura Kowalczuk, Doris Gabriel, Francine Behar-Cohen, Robert Gurny, Yogeshvar N Kalia. Ocular Biodistribution of Spironolactone after a Single Intravitreal Injection of a Biodegradable Sustained-Release Polymer in Rats. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2020 01; 17(1):59-69. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00707. [PMID: 31751144]
Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli, Laura Scelsi, Alessandro Bestetti, Massimo Vanasia, Arrigo F G Cicero, Luca Spinardi, Crescenzio Bentivenga, Daniela Degli Esposti, Massimiliano Caprio, Claudio Borghi, Bertram Pitt, Eugenio Cosentino. Canrenone on cardiovascular mortality in congestive heart failure: CanrenOne eFFects on cardiovascular mortality in patiEnts with congEstIve hearT failure: The COFFEE-IT study. Pharmacological research. 2019 03; 141(?):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.037. [PMID: 30502530]
Jan-Ole Johannsen, Hannes Reuter, Fabian Hoffmann, Cornelia Blaich, Martin H J Wiesen, Thomas Streichert, Carsten Müller. Reliable and easy-to-use LC-MS/MS-method for simultaneous determination of the antihypertensives metoprolol, amlodipine, canrenone and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with therapy-refractory arterial hypertension. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2019 Feb; 164(?):373-381. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.002. [PMID: 30439665]
Valeria Avataneo, Amedeo De Nicolò, Franco Rabbia, Mauro Sciandra, Francesco Tosello, Jessica Cusato, Elisa Perlo, Giovanna Fatiguso, Sarah Allegra, Fabio Favata, Paolo Mulatero, Franco Veglio, Giovanni Di Perri, Antonio D'Avolio. A simple UHPLC-PDA method with a fast dilute-and-shot sample preparation for the quantification of canrenone and its prodrug spironolactone in human urine samples. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods. 2018 Nov; 94(Pt 2):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.08.003. [PMID: 30165207]
Ibrahim A Naguib, Eglal A Abdelaleem, Aml A Emam, Nouruddin W Ali, Fatma F Abdallah. Development and validation of HPTLC and green HPLC methods for determination of furosemide, spironolactone and canrenone, in pure forms, tablets and spiked human plasma. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2018 Oct; 32(10):e4304. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4304. [PMID: 29855049]
Giuseppe Derosa, Giovanni Gaudio, Gianfranco Pasini, Angela D'Angelo, Pamela Maffioli. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of canrenone vs hydrochlorothiazide in addition to angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Drug design, development and therapy. 2018; 12(?):2611-2616. doi: 10.2147/dddt.s151449. [PMID: 30197501]
Kalev Takkis, Rudolf Aro, Lenne-Triin Kõrgvee, Heili Varendi, Jana Lass, Koit Herodes, Karin Kipper. Signal Enhancement in the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of spironolactone and its metabolites using HFIP and NH4F as eluent additives. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2017 May; 409(12):3145-3151. doi: 10.1007/s00216-017-0255-4. [PMID: 28224249]
Fayaz Ali Larik, Aamer Saeed, Danish Shahzad, Muhammad Faisal, Hesham El-Seedi, Haroon Mehfooz, Pervaiz Ali Channar. Synthetic approaches towards the multi target drug spironolactone and its potent analogues/derivatives. Steroids. 2017 02; 118(?):76-92. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.12.010. [PMID: 28041953]
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli, Maria D'Avino, Carla Sala, Amedeo Mugellini, Vito Vulpis, Salvatore Felis, Luigina Guasti, Riccardo Sarzani, Alessandro Bestetti, Massimo Vanasia, Giovanni Gaudio. Efficacy and safety of two dosages of canrenone as add-on therapy in hypertensive patients taking ace-inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and hydrochlorothiazide at maximum dosage in a randomized clinical trial: The ESCAPE-IT trial. Cardiovascular therapeutics. 2017 Feb; 35(1):47-54. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12235. [PMID: 27860389]
Lou Li, Yayun Huang, Wenyan Zhao, Guangbin Zhang, Hongfen Zhang, Anjia Chen. Simultaneous separation and rapid determination of spironolactone and its metabolite canrenone in different pharmaceutical formulations and urinary matrices by capillary zone electrophoresis. Journal of separation science. 2016 Jul; 39(14):2869-75. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600255. [PMID: 27257119]
Olga V Fedorova, Igor V Emelianov, Konstantin A Bagrov, Yulia N Grigorova, Wen Wei, Ondrej Juhasz, Elena V Frolova, Courtney A Marshall, Edward G Lakatta, Alexandra O Konradi, Alexei Y Bagrov. Marinobufagenin-induced vascular fibrosis is a likely target for mineralocorticoid antagonists. Journal of hypertension. 2015 Aug; 33(8):1602-10. doi: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000591. [PMID: 26136067]
Giuseppe Derosa, Davide Romano, Lucio Bianchi, Angela D'Angelo, Pamela Maffioli. The effects of canrenone on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. Annals of medicine. 2015 Feb; 47(1):47-52. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2014.969303. [PMID: 25319120]
Roberto Fogari, Giuseppe Derosa, Annalisa Zoppi, Pierangelo Lazzari, Angela D'Angelo, Amedeo Mugellini. Comparative effect of canrenone or hydrochlorothiazide addition to valsartan/amlodipine combination on urinary albumin excretion in well-controlled type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2014 Mar; 15(4):453-9. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.874415. [PMID: 24410484]
Mario F Juruena, Carmine M Pariante, Andrew S Papadopoulos, Lucia Poon, Stafford Lightman, Anthony J Cleare. The role of mineralocorticoid receptor function in treatment-resistant depression. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2013 Dec; 27(12):1169-79. doi: 10.1177/0269881113499205. [PMID: 23904409]
Giuseppe Derosa, Aldo Bonaventura, Lucio Bianchi, Davide Romano, Angela D'Angelo, Elena Fogari, Pamela Maffioli. Effects of canrenone in patients with metabolic syndrome. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2013 Nov; 14(16):2161-9. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.832756. [PMID: 23984806]
Li-jun Hu, Yun-qing Chen, Song-bai Deng, Jian-lin Du, Qiang She. Additional use of an aldosterone antagonist in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013 May; 75(5):1202-12. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12012. [PMID: 23088367]
Maysa Suyagh, Ahmed F Hawwa, Paul S Collier, Jeffrey S Millership, Prashant Kole, Muriel Millar, Mike D Shields, Henry L Halliday, James C McElnay. Population pharmacokinetic model of canrenone after intravenous administration of potassium canrenoate to paediatric patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Nov; 74(5):864-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04257.x. [PMID: 22376078]
Amitava Dasgupta, Myrtle J Johnson, Tamal K Sengupta. Clinically insignificant negative interferences of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone in new dimension vista LOCI digoxin immunoassay. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2012 May; 26(3):143-7. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21501. [PMID: 22628228]
Federico Bilotta, Federico Giovannini, Flavia Aghilone, Elisabetta Stazi, Luca Titi, Ivan Orlando Zeppa, Giovanni Rosa. Potassium sparing diuretics as adjunct to mannitol therapy in neurocritical care patients with cerebral edema: effects on potassium homeostasis and cardiac arrhythmias. Neurocritical care. 2012 Apr; 16(2):280-5. doi: 10.1007/s12028-011-9652-2. [PMID: 22101724]
Victor Voicu, Mihaela Cristina Gheorghe, Iulia Daniela Sora, Costel Sârbu, Andrei Medvedovici. Incurred sample reanalysis: different evaluation approaches on data obtained for spironolactone and its active metabolite canrenone. Bioanalysis. 2011 Jun; 3(12):1343-56. doi: 10.4155/bio.11.83. [PMID: 21679029]
Andrea DeFrance, David Armbruster, Diana Petty, Kelley C Cooper, Amitava Dasgupta. Abbott ARCHITECT clinical chemistry and immunoassay systems: digoxin assays are free of interferences from spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2011 Feb; 33(1):128-31. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181fd4c30. [PMID: 21079546]
Daniela Iuliana Sora, Stefan Udrescu, Florin Albu, Victor David, Andrei Medvedovici. Analytical issues in HPLC/MS/MS simultaneous assay of furosemide, spironolactone and canrenone in human plasma samples. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2010 Sep; 52(5):734-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.03.004. [PMID: 20307949]
Kathleen M Knights, Kushari Bowalgaha, John O Miners. Spironolactone and canrenone inhibit UGT2B7-catalyzed human liver and kidney microsomal aldosterone 18beta-glucuronidation: a potential drug interaction. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2010 Jul; 38(7):1011-4. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.032870. [PMID: 20304966]
Amitava Dasgupta, Myrtle J Johnson. Effect of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone on Dimension Vista Digoxin Assay. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2010; 24(6):413-7. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20421. [PMID: 21089173]
Ju Seop Kang, Min Ho Lee. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring. The Korean journal of internal medicine. 2009 Mar; 24(1):1-10. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2009.24.1.1. [PMID: 19270474]
Rui Zhang, Benjie Wang, Chunmin Wei, Guiyan Yuan, Ruichen Guo. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of hydrocodone in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology. 2009; 37(5):203-7. doi: 10.1080/10731190903198574. [PMID: 19728188]
Amitava Dasgupta, Gertie Tso, Alice Wells. Effect of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate and their common metabolite canrenone on serum digoxin measurement by digoxin III, a new digoxin immunoassay. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2008 Dec; 30(6):744-7. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31818b0e6a. [PMID: 18824952]
Feng-Guo Xu, Zun-Jian Zhang, Hai-Juan Dong, Yuan Tian, Ying Liu, Yun Chen. Bioequivalence assessment of two formulations of spironolactone in Chinese healthy male volunteers. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 2008; 58(3):117-21. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296479. [PMID: 18488807]
E Jeunesse, F Woehrle, M Schneider, H P Lefebvre. Effect of spironolactone on diuresis and urine sodium and potassium excretion in healthy dogs. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology. 2007 Nov; 9(2):63-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2007.10.002. [PMID: 18024236]
J M Sandall, J S Millership, P S Collier, J C McElnay. Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of spironolactone and its metabolites in paediatric plasma samples. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2006 Jul; 839(1-2):36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.017. [PMID: 16510319]
Haijuan Dong, Fengguo Xu, Zunjian Zhang, Yuan Tian, Yun Chen. Simultaneous determination of spironolactone and its active metabolite canrenone in human plasma by HPLC-APCI-MS. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2006 Apr; 41(4):477-86. doi: 10.1002/jms.1006. [PMID: 16541392]
Amitava Dasgupta, Edward Kang, Pradip Datta. A new enzyme-linked chemiluminescent immunosorbent digoxin assay is virtually free from interference of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2006; 20(5):204-8. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20133. [PMID: 16960898]
Tadakazu Tokumura, Atsushi Muraoka, Takashi Masutomi, Yoshiharu Machida. Stability of spironolactone in rat plasma: strict temperature control of blood and plasma samples is required in rat pharmacokinetic studies. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2005 Jun; 28(6):1126-8. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.1126. [PMID: 15930762]
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Daniele Nassiacos, Sabina Meloni. [Tolerability and efficacy of aldosterone inhibition with canrenone in heart failure: the real-world experience of an outpatient heart failure clinic]. Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology. 2005 May; 6 Suppl 1(?):51S-65S. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15945300]
P Langguth, A Hanafy, D Frenzel, P Grenier, A Nhamias, T Ohlig, G Vergnault, H Spahn-Langguth. Nanosuspension formulations for low-soluble drugs: pharmacokinetic evaluation using spironolactone as model compound. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2005 Mar; 31(3):319-29. doi: 10.1081/ddc-52182. [PMID: 15830727]
Marie Leclerc, Michèle G Brunette, Denis Couchourel. Aldosterone enhances renal calcium reabsorption by two types of channels. Kidney international. 2004 Jul; 66(1):242-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00725.x. [PMID: 15200430]
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Lorenzo A Calò, Francesca Zaghetto, Elisa Pagnin, Paul A Davis, Paola De Mozzi, Paola Sartorato, Giuseppe Martire, Cristina Fiore, Decio Armanini. Effect of aldosterone and glycyrrhetinic acid on the protein expression of PAI-1 and p22(phox) in human mononuclear leukocytes. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2004 Apr; 89(4):1973-6. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031545. [PMID: 15070972]
Patrick Saudan, Francois Mach, Thomas Perneger, Bruno Schnetzler, Catherine Stoermann, Zina Fumeaux, Michel Rossier, Pierre-Yves Martin. Safety of low-dose spironolactone administration in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2003 Nov; 18(11):2359-63. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfg388. [PMID: 14551366]
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Pradip Datta, Amitava Dasgupta. A new turbidometric digoxin immunoassay on the ADVIA 1650 analyzer is free from interference by spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2003 Aug; 25(4):478-82. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200308000-00011. [PMID: 12883233]
S Balzan, G Nicolini, L Bellitto, S Ghione, P Biver, U Montali. Effect of canrenone on the digitalis site of Na+/K(+)-ATPase in human placental membranes and in erythrocytes. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2003 Jul; 42(1):32-6. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200307000-00005. [PMID: 12827023]
Amitava Dasgupta. Endogenous and exogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substances: impact on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin. American journal of clinical pathology. 2002 Jul; 118(1):132-40. doi: 10.1309/3vnp-twfq-ht9a-1qh8. [PMID: 12109847]
Giorgio La Villa, Giuseppe Barletta, Roberto Giulio Romanelli, Giacomo Laffi, Riccarda Del Bene, Francesco Vizzutti, Pietro Pantaleo, Valeria Mazzocchi, Paolo Gentilini. Cardiovascular effects of canrenone in patients with preascitic cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2002 Jun; 35(6):1441-8. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.33334. [PMID: 12029629]
Amitava Dasgupta, Helene Saffer, Alice Wells, Pradip Datta. Bidirectional (positive/negative) interference of spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate on serum digoxin measurement: elimination of interference by measuring free digoxin or using a chemiluminescent assay for digoxin. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2002; 16(4):172-7. doi: 10.1002/jcla.10039. [PMID: 12112389]
O Hernández, E Martín, F Jiménez, A I Jiménez, J J Arias. Use of partial least-squares regression for multicomponent determinations based on kinetic spectrofluorimetric data. Simultaneous determination of canrenone and spironolactone in urine. The Analyst. 2000 Jun; 125(6):1159-65. doi: 10.1039/b000666l. [PMID: 10932858]
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