3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane (BioDeep_00000005821)
Main id: BioDeep_00000636696
human metabolite Endogenous
代谢物信息卡片
(2S,5R,9R,15R)-14-[(2R)-7-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecane-5,9-diol
化学式: C27H48O3 (420.36032579999994)
中文名称:
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC(CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(CC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)O)C)CO
InChI: InChI=1S/C27H48O3/c1-17(16-28)6-5-7-18(2)21-8-9-22-25-23(11-13-27(21,22)4)26(3)12-10-20(29)14-19(26)15-24(25)30/h17-25,28-30H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17?,18-,19+,20-,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1
描述信息
3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane is found in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. 3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane is produced from 3 alpha,7 alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane through the action of CYP27A (E1.14.13.15). 3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane is then converted to 3 alpha,7 alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al by CYP27A (E1.14.13.15).
3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane is found in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway.
同义名列表
12 个代谢物同义名
(2S,5R,9R,15R)-14-[(2R)-7-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecane-5,9-diol; 3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane; (25R)-5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,26-triol; 5β-Cholestane-3α,7α,26-triol; (3alpha,5beta,7alpha)-Cholestane-3,7,26-triol; 3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane; 5 beta-Cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,26-triol; 5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,26-triol; 5beta-Cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,26-triol; 3 a,7 a,26-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestane; 3 Α,7 α,26-trihydroxy-5β-cholestane; Cholestane-3,7,26-triol
数据库引用编号
15 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:28540
- KEGG: C05444
- PubChem: 53481409
- PubChem: 5118583
- PubChem: 3082089
- HMDB: HMDB0012455
- Metlin: METLIN43035
- foodb: FDB029071
- CAS: 15313-69-6
- PMhub: MS000018712
- ChEBI: CHEBI:171981
- PubChem: 7806
- LipidMAPS: LMST04030020
- 3DMET: B05024
- NIKKAJI: J676.110K
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(7)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
120 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(96)
- Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism of steroids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 24OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 24OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of lipids:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of steroids:
H+ + TPNH + estrone ⟶ EST17b + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism of steroids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 24OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 24OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
CAR + propionyl CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + Propionylcarnitine - Metabolism of lipids:
CAR + propionyl CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + Propionylcarnitine - Metabolism of steroids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
GAA + SAM ⟶ CRET + H+ + SAH - Metabolism of lipids:
ACA + H+ + NADH ⟶ NAD + bHBA - Metabolism of steroids:
H+ + LTHSOL + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7-dehydroCHOL + H2O + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 25OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of lipids:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of steroids:
17aHPROG + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 11-deoxycortisol + H2O + TPN - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 27OH-CHOL + H2O + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol:
4CHOL7a,12a,27TONE + H+ + TPNH ⟶ 5beta-cholestan-7alpha,12alpha,27-triol-3-one + TPN - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
CHOL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of steroids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA
BioCyc(1)
- bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway:
(25R)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5-β-cholestanate + ATP + coenzyme A ⟶ (25R)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(22)
- Bile Acid Biosynthesis:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Zellweger Syndrome:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Bile Acid Biosynthesis:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Zellweger Syndrome:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Bile Acid Biosynthesis:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Bile Acid Biosynthesis:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA):
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid - Zellweger Syndrome:
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine ⟶ Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid
PharmGKB(0)
2 个相关的物种来源信息
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: -
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: 10.1007/S11306-016-1051-4
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- H Ichimiya, J Yanagisawa, F Nakayama. Significance of bile alcohol in urine of a patient with cholestasis: identification of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26,27-pentol ( beta-cyprinol) and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrol (27-deoxy-5 beta-cyprinol).
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.
1984 Jul; 32(7):2874-7. doi:
10.1248/cpb.32.2874. [PMID: 6499098] - L Swell, J Gustafsson, C C Schwartz, L G Halloran, H Danielsson, Z R Vlahcevic. An in vivo evaluation of the quantitative significance of several potential pathways to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids from cholesterol in man.
Journal of lipid research.
1980 May; 21(4):455-66. doi:
. [PMID: 7381336]