saxitoxin (BioDeep_00000910834)
Main id: BioDeep_00000009557
Marine Natural Products
代谢物信息卡片
saxitoxin
化学式: C10H17N7O4 (299.1342)
中文名称: 二乙酸贝毒素
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1CN2C(=NC(C3C2(C1(O)O)NC(=N3)N)COC(=O)N)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H17N7O4/c11-6-15-5-4(3-21-8(13)18)14-7(12)17-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,17)16-6/h4-5,19-20H,1-3H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,18)(H3,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1
描述信息
An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008978 - Mollusk Venoms
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D008387 - Marine Toxins
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D014688 - Venoms
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
12 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:34970
- KEGG: C13757
- PubChem: 56947150
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL501134
- MeSH: Saxitoxin
- CAS: 35523-89-8
- MetaboLights: MTBLC34970
- PubChem: 586343
- PDB-CCD: 9SL
- NIKKAJI: J365.643H
- RefMet: Saxitoxin
- KNApSAcK: 34970
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
0 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
| 亚细胞结构定位 | 关联基因列表 |
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文献列表
- Colleen Guinle, Erick Julián Núñez-Vázquez, Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera, Daniela Alejandra Corona-Rojas, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez. Toxicogenomic Effects of Dissolved Saxitoxin on the Early Life Stages of the Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana).
Marine drugs.
2023 Nov; 21(11):. doi:
10.3390/md21110597. [PMID: 37999421] - Stéphane Beauclercq, Olivier Grenier, Alexandre A Arnold, Dror E Warschawski, Gary H Wikfors, Bertrand Genard, Réjean Tremblay, Isabelle Marcotte. Metabolomics and lipidomics reveal the effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on immune cells of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis.
Harmful algae.
2023 11; 129(?):102529. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2023.102529. [PMID: 37951624] - Haiyan Wu, Balakrishnan Prithiviraj, Zhijun Tan. Physiological Effects of Oxidative Stress Caused by Saxitoxin in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Marine drugs.
2023 Oct; 21(10):. doi:
10.3390/md21100544. [PMID: 37888479] - Miriam Seguel, Carlos Molinet, Manuel Díaz, Gonzalo Álvarez, Carlos García, Andrés Marín, María Olga Millanao, Patricio A Díaz. Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Gastropod Concholepas concholepas: Variability, Toxin Profiles and Mechanisms for Toxicity Reduction.
Marine drugs.
2023 Jan; 21(1):. doi:
10.3390/md21010044. [PMID: 36662217] - Larissa Souza Passos, Éryka Costa de Almeida, Alexandre Villela, Adilson Nunes Fernandes, Marcelo Manzi Marinho, Levy Carvalho Gomes, Ernani Pinto. Cyanotoxins and water quality parameters as risk assessment indicators for aquatic life in reservoirs.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
2022 Aug; 241(?):113828. doi:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113828. [PMID: 36068755] - Md Niamul Haque, Sang-Eun Nam, Young-Seok Han, Hyoung Sook Park, Jae-Sung Rhee. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of saxitoxin reduces antioxidant activity and immunity in zebrafish but does not affect reproductive parameters.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).
2022 Feb; 243(?):106070. doi:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106070. [PMID: 34974311] - Yan Liu, Lijuan He, Yunli Zhao, Yongbing Cao, Zhiguo Yu, Feng Lu. Optimization of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection Conditions for Interaction between Gonyautoxin and Its Aptamer.
Toxins.
2022 01; 14(1):. doi:
10.3390/toxins14010049. [PMID: 35051026] - Robert J Dusek, Matthew M Smith, Caroline Van Hemert, Valerie I Shearn-Bochsler, Sherwood Hall, Clark D Ridge, D Ransom Hardison, Robb S A Kaler, Barbara L Bodenstein, Erik K Hofmeister, Jeffrey S Hall. Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).
Harmful algae.
2021 11; 109(?):102109. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2021.102109. [PMID: 34815022] - Kerri Danil, Michelle Berman, Elizabeth Frame, Antonella Preti, Spencer E Fire, Tod Leighfield, Jim Carretta, Melissa L Carter, Kathi Lefebvre. Marine algal toxins and their vectors in southern California cetaceans.
Harmful algae.
2021 03; 103(?):102000. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2021.102000. [PMID: 33980440] - Corinne M Gibble, Raphael M Kudela, Susan Knowles, Barbara Bodenstein, Kathi A Lefebvre. Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018.
Harmful algae.
2021 03; 103(?):101981. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2021.101981. [PMID: 33980431] - Spencer E Fire, Andrea Bogomolni, Robert A DiGiovanni, Greg Early, Tod A Leighfield, Keith Matassa, Glenn A Miller, Kathleen M T Moore, Michael Moore, Misty Niemeyer, Katie Pugliares, Zhihong Wang, Frederick W Wenzel. An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast.
PloS one.
2021; 16(1):e0243570. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0243570. [PMID: 33406141] - Raju Podduturi, Louse Schlüter, Tingting Liu, João Alexandre Saviolo Osti, Munique de Almeida Bispo Moraes, Niels O G Jørgensen. Monitoring of saxitoxin production in lakes in Denmark by molecular, chromatographic and microscopic approaches.
Harmful algae.
2021 01; 101(?):101966. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2020.101966. [PMID: 33526182] - Yang Liu, Fan-Zhou Kong, Xiao-Gang Xun, Li Dai, Hui-Xia Geng, Xiao-Li Hu, Ren-Cheng Yu, Zhen-Min Bao, Ming-Jiang Zhou. Biokinetics and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Yesso scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis.
Chemosphere.
2020 Dec; 261(?):128063. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128063. [PMID: 33113659] - Julio C Painefilú, Virginia A Bianchi, Bernd Krock, Julieta S De Anna, Gisela Kristoff, Carlos M Luquet. Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
2020 Nov; 204(?):111069. doi:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111069. [PMID: 32758696] - Jiajia Li, Jinglin Zhu, Yang Li, Taomin Huang, Yan Li. l-Cysteine-modified magnetic microspheres for extraction and quantification of saxitoxin in rat plasma with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal of separation science.
2020 Jun; 43(12):2429-2435. doi:
10.1002/jssc.202000070. [PMID: 32198812] - Miguel Del Campo, Néstor Lagos, Hernán Lara. In vivo blockade of ovarian sympathetic activity by Neosaxitoxin prevents polycystic ovary in rats.
The Journal of endocrinology.
2020 03; 244(3):523-533. doi:
10.1530/joe-19-0545. [PMID: 31958316] - Carina Menezes, Elisabete Valério, Maria João Botelho, Elsa Dias. Isolation and Characterization of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains from Finished Drinking Water.
Toxins.
2020 01; 12(1):. doi:
10.3390/toxins12010040. [PMID: 31936211] - Vera Barbosa, Marta Santos, Patrícia Anacleto, Ana Luísa Maulvault, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro Reis Costa, António Marques. Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Ocean Warming: Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicological Responses in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata).
Toxins.
2019 07; 11(7):. doi:
10.3390/toxins11070408. [PMID: 31337041] - Marcella C B Mesquita, Miquel Lürling, Fabiane Dorr, Ernani Pinto, Marcelo M Marinho. Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains.
Toxins.
2019 01; 11(1):. doi:
10.3390/toxins11010038. [PMID: 30646514] - R M Coleman, G Ojeda-Torres, W Bragg, D Fearey, P McKinney, L Castrodale, D Verbrugge, K Stryker, E DeHart, M Cooper, E Hamelin, J Thomas, R C Johnson. Saxitoxin Exposure Confirmed by Human Urine and Food Analysis.
Journal of analytical toxicology.
2018 Sep; 42(7):e61-e64. doi:
10.1093/jat/bky031. [PMID: 29800291] - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita, Yuuma Nagaoka, Koji Muramoto, Yuko Cho, Keiichi Konoki. Pufferfish Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin Binding Protein (PSTBP) Analogues in the Blood Plasma of the Pufferfish Arothron nigropunctatus, A. hispidus, A. manilensis, and Chelonodon patoca.
Marine drugs.
2018 Jun; 16(7):. doi:
10.3390/md16070224. [PMID: 29966285] - William A Bragg, Alaine Garrett, Elizabeth I Hamelin, Rebecca M Coleman, Katrina Campbell, Christopher T Elliott, Rudolph C Johnson. Quantitation of saxitoxin in human urine using immunocapture extraction and LC-MS.
Bioanalysis.
2018 Feb; 10(4):229-239. doi:
10.4155/bio-2017-0156. [PMID: 29333869] - Xiao-Min Xu, Bai-Fen Huang, Jiao-Jiao Xu, Zeng-Xuan Cai, Jing Zhang, Qing Chen, Jian-Long Han. Fast and quantitative determination of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin in urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry based on the cleanup of solid phase extraction with hydrophilic interaction mechanism.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2018 Jan; 1072(?):267-272. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.032. [PMID: 29195146] - P Eangoor, A S Indapurkar, M Vakkalanka, J S Yeh, J S Knaack. Rapid and Sensitive ELISA Screening Assay for Several Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Human Urine.
Journal of analytical toxicology.
2017 Nov; 41(9):755-759. doi:
10.1093/jat/bkx072. [PMID: 28977469] - Rebecca Coleman, Sharon W Lemire, William Bragg, Alaine Garrett, Geovannie Ojeda-Torres, Rebekah Wharton, Elizabeth Hamelin, Jerry Thomas, Rudolph C Johnson. Development and validation of a high-throughput online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of gonyautoxins 1&4 and gonyautoxins 2&3 in human urine.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2017 Sep; 31(9):. doi:
10.1002/bmc.3954. [PMID: 28186342] - Celina Abi-Khalil, Darren S Finkelstein, Genevieve Conejero, Justin Du Bois, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon, Jean Luc Rolland. The paralytic shellfish toxin, saxitoxin, enters the cytoplasm and induces apoptosis of oyster immune cells through a caspase-dependent pathway.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).
2017 Sep; 190(?):133-141. doi:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.001. [PMID: 28711010] - Marcela Miranda, Natália Noyma, Felipe S Pacheco, Leonardo de Magalhães, Ernani Pinto, Suzan Santos, Maria Fernanda A Soares, Vera L Huszar, Miquel Lürling, Marcelo M Marinho. The efficiency of combined coagulant and ballast to remove harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a tropical shallow system.
Harmful algae.
2017 05; 65(?):27-39. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.007. [PMID: 28526117] - Ye He, Fan Mo, Danlong Chen, LiangJun Xu, Yongning Wu, FengFu Fu. Capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with metal tag for ultrasensitively determining trace saxitoxin in seafood.
Electrophoresis.
2017 02; 38(3-4):469-476. doi:
10.1002/elps.201600411. [PMID: 27862045] - Roy W A Peake, Victoria Y Zhang, Nina Azcue, Christina E Hartigan, Aida Shkreta, Jasmina Prabhakara, Charles B Berde, Mark D Kellogg. Measurement of neosaxitoxin in human plasma using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Proof of concept for a pharmacokinetic application.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2016 Nov; 1036-1037(?):42-49. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.043. [PMID: 27710889] - Jennifer S Knaack, Kimberly A Porter, Justin T Jacob, Kate Sullivan, Matthew Forester, Richard Y Wang, Vera L Trainer, Steve Morton, Ginny Eckert, Ernest McGahee, Jerry Thomas, Joseph McLaughlin, Rudolph C Johnson. Case diagnosis and characterization of suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska.
Harmful algae.
2016 07; 57(Pt B):45-50. doi:
10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.006. [PMID: 28918891] - Vittoria Roncalli, Matthew C Cieslak, Petra H Lenz. Transcriptomic responses of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus to the saxitoxin producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense.
Scientific reports.
2016 May; 6(?):25708. doi:
10.1038/srep25708. [PMID: 27181871] - Shauna A Murray, Rutuja Diwan, Russell J S Orr, Gurjeet S Kohli, Uwe John. Gene duplication, loss and selection in the evolution of saxitoxin biosynthesis in alveolates.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.
2015 Nov; 92(?):165-80. doi:
10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.017. [PMID: 26140862] - Kimberly Lobo, Carolina Donado, Laura Cornelissen, Joseph Kim, Rebeca Ortiz, Roy W A Peake, Mark Kellogg, Mark E Alexander, David Zurakowski, Katherine E Kurgansky, James Peyton, Aykut Bilge, Karen Boretsky, Mary Ellen McCann, Charles B Berde, Joseph Cravero. A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Controlled Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination with 0.2\% Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine, for Cutaneous Anesthesia.
Anesthesiology.
2015 Oct; 123(4):873-85. doi:
10.1097/aln.0000000000000831. [PMID: 26275090] - Yan Gao, Ren-Cheng Yu, Shauna A Murray, Jian-Hua Chen, Zhen-Jun Kang, Qing-Chun Zhang, Fan-Zhou Kong, Ming-Jiang Zhou. High Specificity of a Quantitative PCR Assay Targeting a Saxitoxin Gene for Monitoring Toxic Algae Associated with Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Yellow Sea.
Applied and environmental microbiology.
2015 Oct; 81(20):6973-81. doi:
10.1128/aem.00417-15. [PMID: 26231652] - William A Bragg, Sharon W Lemire, Rebecca M Coleman, Elizabeth I Hamelin, Rudolph C Johnson. Detection of human exposure to saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin in urine by online-solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2015 Jun; 99(?):118-24. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.017. [PMID: 25817003] - Silje-Kristin Jensen, Jean-Pierre Lacaze, Guillaume Hermann, Joanna Kershaw, Andrew Brownlow, Andrew Turner, Ailsa Hall. Detection and effects of harmful algal toxins in Scottish harbour seals and potential links to population decline.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2015 Apr; 97(?):1-14. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.002. [PMID: 25666120] - Paola Katrina Ching, Ruth Alma Ramos, Vikki Carr de los Reyes, Ma Nemia Sucaldito, Enrique Tayag. Lethal paralytic shellfish poisoning from consumption of green mussel broth, Western Samar, Philippines, August 2013.
Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR.
2015 Apr; 6(2):22-6. doi:
10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.1.004. [PMID: 26306212] - De Lu Zhang, Si Yi Liu, Jing Zhang, Chun Xiang Hu, Dun Hai Li, Yong Ding Liu. Antioxidative responses in zebrafish liver exposed to sublethal doses Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
2015 Mar; 113(?):425-32. doi:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.029. [PMID: 25544652] - Silvia P Melegari, Cátia R S de Carvalho Pinto, Serge Moukha, Edmond E Creppy, William G Matias. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Induced In Vitro by Saxitoxin in Mammalian Cells.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.
2015; 78(19):1189-200. doi:
10.1080/15287394.2015.1072069. [PMID: 26436995] - Maria Wiese, Shauna A Murray, Alfonsus Alvin, Brett A Neilan. Gene expression and molecular evolution of sxtA4 in a saxitoxin producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2014 Dec; 92(?):102-12. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.015. [PMID: 25301480] - Uwe John, R Wayne Litaker, Marina Montresor, Shauna Murray, Michael L Brosnahan, Donald M Anderson. Formal revision of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) taxonomy: the introduction of five species with emphasis on molecular-based (rDNA) classification.
Protist.
2014 Dec; 165(6):779-804. doi:
10.1016/j.protis.2014.10.001. [PMID: 25460230] - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita, Natsumi Okoshi, Kouichi Watanabe, Nao Araki, Hiroe Yamaki, Yuki Shoji, Takahiro Terakawa. Localization of pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein (PSTBP) in the tissues of the pufferfish, Takifugu pardalis, analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2013 Sep; 72(?):23-8. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.002. [PMID: 23769753] - Helena C Silva de Assis, Cesar A da Silva, Eliane T Oba, Juliana H Pamplona, Maritana Mela, Halina B Doria, Izonete Cristina Guiloski, Wanessa Ramsdorf, Marta Margarete Cestari. Hematologic and hepatic responses of the freshwater fish Hoplias malabaricus after saxitoxin exposure.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2013 May; 66(?):25-30. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.012. [PMID: 23402841] - Ryohei Tatsuno, Kenichi Yamaguchi, Tomohiro Takatani, Osamu Arakawa. RT-PCR- and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based identification and discrimination of isoforms homologous to pufferfish saxitoxin- and tetrodotoxin-binding protein in the plasma of non-toxic cultured pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes).
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
2013; 77(1):208-12. doi:
10.1271/bbb.120701. [PMID: 23343608] - Erica L Seubert, Shane Trussell, John Eagleton, Astrid Schnetzer, Ivona Cetinić, Phil Lauri, Burton H Jones, David A Caron. Algal toxins and reverse osmosis desalination operations: laboratory bench testing and field monitoring of domoic acid, saxitoxin, brevetoxin and okadaic acid.
Water research.
2012 Dec; 46(19):6563-73. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.042. [PMID: 23079130] - Silvia P Melegari, François Perreault, Serge Moukha, Radovan Popovic, Edmond E Creppy, William G Matias. Induction to oxidative stress by saxitoxin investigated through lipid peroxidation in Neuro 2A cells and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alga.
Chemosphere.
2012 Sep; 89(1):38-43. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.009. [PMID: 22546629] - Andrew D Turner, Monika Dhanji-Rapkova, Myriam Algoet, Benjamin A Suarez-Isla, Marco Cordova, Catherine Caceres, Cory J Murphy, Melanie Casey, David N Lees. Investigations into matrix components affecting the performance of the official bioassay reference method for quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in oysters.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2012 Feb; 59(2):215-30. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.013. [PMID: 22138287] - Lionel Ho, Daniel Hoefel, Charlotte Grasset, Sebastien Palazot, Gayle Newcombe, Christopher P Saint, Justin D Brookes. Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.
2012; 65(7):1244-51. doi:
10.2166/wst.2012.002. [PMID: 22437022] - Marie-Ève Garneau, Astrid Schnetzer, Peter D Countway, Adriane C Jones, Erica L Seubert, David A Caron. Examination of the seasonal dynamics of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella at Redondo Beach, California, by quantitative PCR.
Applied and environmental microbiology.
2011 Nov; 77(21):7669-80. doi:
10.1128/aem.06174-11. [PMID: 21926210] - Marit Jørgensen Bakke, Tor Einar Horsberg. Kinetic properties of saxitoxin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.
2010 Nov; 152(4):444-50. doi:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.07.005. [PMID: 20656058] - G Vasas, G Borbely, P Nánási, P P Nánási. Alkaloids from cyanobacteria with diverse powerful bioactivities.
Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry.
2010 Sep; 10(10):946-55. doi:
10.2174/138955710792007231. [PMID: 21034416] - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita, Hiroe Yamaki, Natsumi Okoshi, Nao Araki. Distribution of homologous proteins to puffer fish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein in the plasma of puffer fish and among the tissues of Fugu pardalis examined by Western blot analysis.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2010 Jun; 55(6):1119-24. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.021. [PMID: 20043937] - Lionel Ho, Paul Tanis-Plant, Nawal Kayal, Najwa Slyman, Gayle Newcombe. Optimising water treatment practices for the removal of Anabaena circinalis and its associated metabolites, geosmin and saxitoxins.
Journal of water and health.
2009 Dec; 7(4):544-56. doi:
10.2166/wh.2009.075. [PMID: 19590122] - Rudolph C Johnson, Yingtao Zhou, Kristen Statler, Jerry Thomas, Frederick Cox, Sherwood Hall, John R Barr. Quantification of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin in human urine utilizing isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal of analytical toxicology.
2009 Jan; 33(1):8-14. doi:
10.1093/jat/33.1.8. [PMID: 19161664] - Nawal Kayal, Gayle Newcombe, Lionel Ho. Investigating the fate of saxitoxins in biologically active water treatment plant filters.
Environmental toxicology.
2008 Dec; 23(6):751-5. doi:
10.1002/tox.20384. [PMID: 18442074] - Norma Estrada, Maria de Jesús Romero, Angel Campa-Córdova, Antonio Luna, Felipe Ascencio. Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum on hydrolytic and antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of the giant lions-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.
2007 Nov; 146(4):502-10. doi:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.06.003. [PMID: 17613278] - Alberto J Rodriguez-Navarro, Nestor Lagos, Marcelo Lagos, Italo Braghetto, Attila Csendes, James Hamilton, Cristian Figueroa, Dominique Truan, Carlos Garcia, Andres Rojas, Veronica Iglesias, Luis Brunet, Francisco Alvarez. Neosaxitoxin as a local anesthetic: preliminary observations from a first human trial.
Anesthesiology.
2007 Feb; 106(2):339-45. doi:
10.1097/00000542-200702000-00023. [PMID: 17264729] - Yan Li Zhang, James Dunlop, Julie E Dalziel. Recombinant human voltage-gated skeletal muscle sodium channels are pharmacologically functional in planar lipid bilayers.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.
2007 Jan; 22(6):1006-12. doi:
10.1016/j.bios.2006.04.009. [PMID: 16713241] - Ryuichi Watanabe, Ritsumi Samusawa-Saito, Yasukatsu Oshima. Development of saxitoxin-conjugated affinity gels.
Bioconjugate chemistry.
2006 Mar; 17(2):459-65. doi:
10.1021/bc049699e. [PMID: 16536478] - Rosário Martins, Paulo Pereira, Martin Welker, Jutta Fastner, Vitor M Vasconcelos. Toxicity of culturable cyanobacteria strains isolated from the Portuguese coast.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.
2005 Sep; 46(4):454-64. doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.06.010. [PMID: 16051295] - John W Daly. Marine toxins and nonmarine toxins: convergence or symbiotic organisms?.
Journal of natural products.
2004 Aug; 67(8):1211-5. doi:
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