Atracurium (BioDeep_00000006528)

   


代谢物信息卡片


Atracurium

化学式: C53H72N2O12+2 (928.5084992000001)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Mentha canadensis(plant) 95%

分子结构信息

SMILES: COc1ccc(CC2c3cc(OC)c(OC)cc3CC[N+]2(C)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]2(C)CCc3cc(OC)c(OC)cc3C2Cc2ccc(OC)c(OC)c2)cc1OC
InChI: InChI=1S/C53H72N2O12/c1-54(22-18-38-32-48(62-7)50(64-9)34-40(38)42(54)28-36-14-16-44(58-3)46(30-36)60-5)24-20-52(56)66-26-12-11-13-27-67-53(57)21-25-55(2)23-19-39-33-49(63-8)51(65-10)35-41(39)43(55)29-37-15-17-45(59-4)47(31-37)61-6/h14-17,30-35,42-43H,11-13,18-29H2,1-10H3/q+2

描述信息

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents > D009466 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M03 - Muscle relaxants > M03A - Muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C66886 - Nicotinic Antagonist
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

同义名列表

2 个代谢物同义名

Atracurium; Atracurium



数据库引用编号

11 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Ju-Tae Sohn. Malignant Hyperthermia and Cisatracurium During Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. American journal of therapeutics. 2022 Jul; 29(4):490-492. doi: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001453. [PMID: 35802921]
  • Ashraf A Dahaba, Zhaoyang Xiao, Xiaoling Zhu, Karl Oettl, Hailong Dong, Lize Xiong, Sieglinde Zelzer, Shuiyu Zhao, Gilbert Reibnegger. Location matters: Overlooked ethnic-geographic effect in China and Austria on propofol/cisatracurium sex differences among a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PopPK/PD) covariate analysis in men, women, and one transgender subject. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2022 Feb; 36(1):182-198. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12704. [PMID: 34050969]
  • Panadda Panusitthikorn, Chuthamanee Suthisisang, Viratch Tangsujaritvijit, Wichit Nosoongnoen, Pitchaya Dilokpattanamongkol. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies of a loading dose of cisatracurium in critically ill patients with respiratory failure. BMC anesthesiology. 2022 01; 22(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12871-022-01571-2. [PMID: 35065599]
  • Ling Ai, Yan Fang. General anesthesia with cisatracurium and sevoflurane for a patient with primary carnitine deficiency receiving L-carnitine therapy: A case report. Medicine. 2021 Sep; 100(38):e27333. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000027333. [PMID: 34559155]
  • Swaminathan P Sathyanarayanan, Muhammad Hamza, Khizar Hamid, Dayna Groskreutz. Cisatracurium-Associated Malignant Hyperthermia During Severe Sars-CoV-2 Infection. American journal of therapeutics. 2021 08; 28(5):e590-e591. doi: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001437. [PMID: 34387563]
  • Alison Merkel, Kyle Massey, Cassandra Bellamy, Todd Miano, Barry Fuchs, Christina Candeloro. Predictors of Cisatracurium Continuous Infusion Dose in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Journal of pharmacy practice. 2021 Aug; 34(4):600-605. doi: 10.1177/0897190019888103. [PMID: 31736402]
  • Julia Ziatkowski-Michaud, Tessa Mazard, Marie-Charlotte Delignette, Florent Wallet, Frederic Aubrun, Mikhail Dziadzko. Neuromuscular monitoring and neuromuscular blocking agent shortages when treating critically ill COVID-19 patients: a multicentre retrospective analysis. British journal of anaesthesia. 2021 08; 127(2):e73-e75. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.028. [PMID: 34090679]
  • Maria Vargas, Pasquale Buonanno, Andrea Sica, Emanuele Sabatella, Francesco P D'Alessio, Simone Alfieri, Carmine Iacovazzo, Rosa Carrano, Giuseppe Servillo. Effects of Sugammadex Plus Rocuronium vs Neostigmine Plus Cisatracurium During Renal Transplantation on Graft Function: A Retrospective, Case-Control Study. Transplantation proceedings. 2021 Apr; 53(3):818-824. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.09.012. [PMID: 33069485]
  • Benjamin D McNeil. MRGPRX2 and Adverse Drug Reactions. Frontiers in immunology. 2021; 12(?):676354. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676354. [PMID: 34421893]
  • Igor Pedrosa Saffier, Rafael P Kayano. Sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units into operating rooms. Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier). 2021 Jan; 71(1):91-92. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2020.09.013. [PMID: 33518835]
  • Durriya Raza, Fauzia Anis Khan. Anaesthetic management for hiatal hernia repair in a child with Bartter's syndrome: A case report. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2020 Apr; 70(4):737-739. doi: 10.5455/jpma.302642254. [PMID: 32296226]
  • Mona E El Sharkasy, M Walash, F Belal, M M Salim. Conventional and first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods for the simultaneous determination of cisatracurium and nalbuphine in biological fluids. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2020 Mar; 228(?):117841. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117841. [PMID: 31784219]
  • Mona E El Sharkasy, M Walash, F Belal, M M Salim. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of propofol and cisatracurium besylate in biological fluids. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence. 2020 Mar; 35(2):312-320. doi: 10.1002/bio.3729. [PMID: 31746124]
  • Xiaocong Huang, Lei Chen, Yujing Cai, Jinfeng Wei, Lina Lin, Jie Sun, Xuemei Peng, Sheng Wang. Abnormal cisatracurium pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics among patients with severe aortic regurgitation during anesthetic induction. BMC anesthesiology. 2020 01; 20(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-0935-z. [PMID: 31969113]
  • Adrià Aguilar, Anna Andaluz, Xavier Moll, Carles Cristòfol, Fèlix García. Effect of age on cis-atracurium besylate pharmacokinetics following a single 1 mg kg-1 intravenous bolus in young pigs. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. 2019 Sep; 46(5):643-651. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.11.012. [PMID: 31155378]
  • Magda M Ayad, F Belal, Mervet M Hosney, Heba Elmansi, Nora Elsayed. Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Cisatracurium and Propofol in Human Plasma via Fluorometric Detection. Journal of chromatographic science. 2018 Jul; 56(6):524-530. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy027. [PMID: 29635320]
  • Ahmed Ma'mun, Mohamed K Abd El-Rahman, Mohamed Abd El-Kawy. Real-time potentiometric sensor; an innovative tool for monitoring hydrolysis of chemo/bio-degradable drugs in pharmaceutical sciences. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2018 May; 154(?):166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.007. [PMID: 29549855]
  • Luca Bellini, Giulia Maria De Benedictis. Neuromuscular blockade of atracurium in permissive hypercapnic versus normocapnic swine undergoing laparoscopy. PloS one. 2018; 13(7):e0200439. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200439. [PMID: 29979782]
  • Jianrong Guo, Xiaohong Yuan, Xiaofang Zhou, Xiaoju Jin. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in patients undergoing surgery with two hemodilution methods. Journal of clinical anesthesia. 2017 May; 38(?):75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.01.013. [PMID: 28372687]
  • Jiayi Liu, Chunying Lu, Qirong Zou, Sheng Wang, Xuemei Peng. Altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation during anaesthetic induction period. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2017 02; 83(2):363-369. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13121. [PMID: 27582302]
  • Jia-Yang Li, Qi-Rong Zou, Xue-Mei Peng. [Pharmacokinetics of a cisatracurium dose according to fat-free mass for anesthesia induction in morbidly obese patients]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2016 Oct; 36(10):1396-1400. doi: NULL. [PMID: 27777205]
  • Vito Fanelli, Yasumasa Morita, Paola Cappello, Mirna Ghazarian, Bina Sugumar, Luisa Delsedime, Jane Batt, V Marco Ranieri, Haibo Zhang, Arthur S Slutsky. Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Cisatracurium Attenuates Lung Injury by Inhibition of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-α1. Anesthesiology. 2016 Jan; 124(1):132-40. doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000907. [PMID: 26540149]
  • Friederike Haerter, Jeroen Cedric Peter Simons, Urs Foerster, Ingrid Moreno Duarte, Daniel Diaz-Gil, Shweta Ganapati, Katharina Eikermann-Haerter, Cenk Ayata, Ben Zhang, Manfred Blobner, Lyle Isaacs, Matthias Eikermann. Comparative Effectiveness of Calabadion and Sugammadex to Reverse Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular-blocking Agents. Anesthesiology. 2015 Dec; 123(6):1337-49. doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000868. [PMID: 26418697]
  • T Szakmany, T Woodhouse. Use of cisatracurium in critical care: a review of the literature. Minerva anestesiologica. 2015 Apr; 81(4):450-60. doi: . [PMID: 24721895]
  • Jihong Jiang, Bin Yang, Guangwei Han, Meirong Yang, Shitong Li. Early administration of cisatracurium attenuates sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Inflammation. 2015 Feb; 38(1):305-11. doi: 10.1007/s10753-014-0034-8. [PMID: 25266883]
  • Jieying Gao, Ting Yang, Mao Ye, Xiaoqing Zhang, Gang Tian, Qianna Zhen, Min Ding. High-performance liquid chromatography assay with programmed flow elution for cisatracurium in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetics in infants and children. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2014 Apr; 955-956(?):58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.023. [PMID: 24631811]
  • Ulrike Hoffmann, Martina Grosse-Sundrup, Katharina Eikermann-Haerter, Sebastina Zaremba, Cenk Ayata, Ben Zhang, Da Ma, Lyle Isaacs, Matthias Eikermann. Calabadion: A new agent to reverse the effects of benzylisoquinoline and steroidal neuromuscular-blocking agents. Anesthesiology. 2013 Aug; 119(2):317-25. doi: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3182910213. [PMID: 23549405]
  • Yingying Yang, Mei Chen, Yushan Kuang, Liming Ye, Wensheng Zhang. [Determination of atracurium and laudanosine in dog plasma during cardiopulmonary bypass by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2013 Jun; 31(6):572-6. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.12013. [PMID: 24063198]
  • Martijn Boon, Christian H Martini, Leon P H J Aarts, Rob F M Bevers, Albert Dahan. Effect of variations in depth of neuromuscular blockade on rating of surgical conditions by surgeon and anesthesiologist in patients undergoing laparoscopic renal or prostatic surgery (BLISS trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013 Mar; 14(?):63. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-63. [PMID: 23452344]
  • Michele Carron, Stefano Veronese, Walter Gomiero, Mirto Foletto, Donato Nitti, Carlo Ori, Ulderico Freo. Hemodynamic and hormonal stress responses to endotracheal tube and ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway™ for laparoscopic gastric banding. Anesthesiology. 2012 Aug; 117(2):309-20. doi: 10.1097/aln.0b013ef31825b6a80. [PMID: 22614132]
  • Xin Liu, Peter S Kruger, Michael Weiss, Michael S Roberts. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 May; 73(5):741-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04149.x. [PMID: 22114771]
  • Christiane G Frick, Heidrun Fink, Manfred Blobner, Jeevendra Martyn. A single injection of botulinum toxin decreases the margin of safety of neurotransmission at local and distant sites. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2012 Jan; 114(1):102-9. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31823526bf. [PMID: 22003222]
  • P E Dubois, M Gourdin, J Jamart, S M Broka, P Eucher, A D'Hollander. Early and late parameters describing the offset of neuromuscular blockade are highly intercorrelated. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2012 Jan; 56(1):76-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02596.x. [PMID: 22150409]
  • Valérie Renauld, Véronique Goudet, Claudie Mouton-Faivre, Bertrand Debaene, Pascale Dewachter. Case Report: perioperative immediate hypersensitivity involves not only allergy but also mastocytosis. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 2011 May; 58(5):456-9. doi: 10.1007/s12630-011-9472-z. [PMID: 21347740]
  • Davinia Withington, Guillaume Ménard, France Varin. Cisatracurium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children. Paediatric anaesthesia. 2011 Mar; 21(3):341-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03514.x. [PMID: 21223452]
  • Laurent Papazian, Jean-Marie Forel, Arnaud Gacouin, Christine Penot-Ragon, Gilles Perrin, Anderson Loundou, Samir Jaber, Jean-Michel Arnal, Didier Perez, Jean-Marie Seghboyan, Jean-Michel Constantin, Pierre Courant, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Claude Guérin, Gwenaël Prat, Sophie Morange, Antoine Roch. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. The New England journal of medicine. 2010 Sep; 363(12):1107-16. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1005372. [PMID: 20843245]
  • Hong Wang, Bin Yang, Yong-fu Xu, Tao Yan, Shi-tong Li. Different magnitude of resistance to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in the denervated mouse skeletal muscle. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2010 Apr; 31(4):399-404. doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.26. [PMID: 20305678]
  • Hong Wang, Ying Zhang, Shi-Tong Li. The effect of local anesthetics on the inhibition of adult muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. European journal of pharmacology. 2010 Mar; 630(1-3):29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.028. [PMID: 20045405]
  • C Chen, N Yamaguchi, F Varin. Studies on the pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium in anesthetized dogs: in vitro-in vivo correlations. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2009 Dec; 32(6):571-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01078.x. [PMID: 20444012]
  • J R Ortiz-Gómez, F J Palacio-Abizanda, I Fornet-Ruiz. [Effects of changes in ion concentrations, osmolarity, and pH on recovery from atracurium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion. 2009 Aug; 56(7):403-11. doi: 10.1016/s0034-9356(09)70420-7. [PMID: 19856686]
  • Hong-Liang Wu, Tie-Hu Ye, Li Sun. [Effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular blockade]. Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 2009 Feb; 31(1):73-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 19317065]
  • Elaine Campana Sanches Bornia, Erika Bando, Miguel Machinski, Monalisa Wolski Pereira, Wilson Alves-Do-Prado. Presynaptic M1, M2, and A1 receptors play roles in tetanic fade induced by pancuronium or cisatracurium. Journal of anesthesia. 2009; 23(4):513-9. doi: 10.1007/s00540-009-0790-z. [PMID: 19921360]
  • Man Liu, James P Dilger. Site selectivity of competitive antagonists for the mouse adult muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Molecular pharmacology. 2009 Jan; 75(1):166-73. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.051060. [PMID: 18842832]
  • C Chen, N Yamaguchi, F Varin. Dose-dependency of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters after intravenous bolus doses of cisatracurium. British journal of anaesthesia. 2008 Dec; 101(6):788-97. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen308. [PMID: 18974056]
  • R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954]
  • C Rempf, K Helmke, A Gottschalk, F Farokhzad, M A Burmeister. Intraoperative anisocoria in a child during renal transplantation. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2008 Feb; 52(2):307-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01505.x. [PMID: 18005382]
  • Christiane G Frick, Martina Richtsfeld, Nita D Sahani, Masao Kaneki, Manfred Blobner, J A Jeevendra Martyn. Long-term effects of botulinum toxin on neuromuscular function. Anesthesiology. 2007 Jun; 106(6):1139-46. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000267597.65120.16. [PMID: 17525589]
  • María A Martínez, Salomé Ballesteros, Elena Almarza. Anesthesiologist suicide with atracurium. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2006 Mar; 30(2):120-4. doi: 10.1093/jat/30.2.120. [PMID: 16620544]
  • Karynn Imbeault, Davina E Withington, France Varin. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a 0.1 mg/kg dose of cisatracurium besylate in children during N2O/O2/propofol anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2006 Mar; 102(3):738-43. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000195342.29133.ce. [PMID: 16492821]
  • W C Bowman. Neuromuscular block. British journal of pharmacology. 2006 Jan; 147 Suppl 1(?):S277-86. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706404. [PMID: 16402115]
  • Heidrun Fink, Ralph Bogdanski, Peter Luppa, J A Jeevendra Martyn, Manfred Blobner. Nitric oxide is not a mediator of inflammation-induced resistance to atracurium. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2005 Nov; 101(5):1362-1367. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000180832.62367.cc. [PMID: 16243995]
  • M Cicek, A Koroglu, S Demirbilek, H Teksan, M O Ersoy. Comparison of propofol-alfentanil and propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2005 Sep; 22(9):683-8. doi: 10.1017/s0265021505001134. [PMID: 16163915]
  • Anouk Richard, François Girard, Dominique C Girard, Daniel Boudreault, Philippe Chouinard, Robert Moumdjian, Alain Bouthilier, Monique Ruel, Johanne Couture, France Varin. Cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is affected by chronic phenytoin or carbamazepine treatment in neurosurgical patients. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2005 Feb; 100(2):538-544. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000143333.84988.50. [PMID: 15673889]
  • J Rieder, P Lirk, F Bodrogi, M Sawires, G Gruber, G Hoffmann. Cisatracurium, but not mivacurium, induces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2005 Jan; 22(1):16-9. doi: 10.1017/s0265021505000049. [PMID: 15816567]
  • A Sánchez Palacios, M Ortiz Ponce, A Rodríguez Pérez, F Schamann Medina, J A García Marrero. Modification of mediators of immune reaction after general anaesthesia. Allergologia et immunopathologia. 2004 Nov; 32(6):352-60. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0546(04)79268-x. [PMID: 15617663]
  • A K Karabulut, R Reisli, I I Uysal, J B Celik, T Ziylan. An investigation of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants on embryonic development in cultured rat embryos. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2004 Sep; 21(9):715-24. doi: 10.1017/s0265021504009081. [PMID: 15595584]
  • Stephen A Greene, G John Benson, William J Tranquilli, Kurt A Grimm. Effect of isoflurane, atracurium, fentanyl, and noxious stimulation on bispectral index in pigs. Comparative medicine. 2004 Aug; 54(4):397-403. doi: . [PMID: 15357320]
  • Siriwan Jirasiritham, Kamthorn Tantivitayatan, Sopon Jirasiritham. A comparison of the efficacy of cisatracurium and atracurium in kidney transplantation operation. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 2004 Jan; 87(1):73-9. doi: . [PMID: 14971538]
  • Fabienne Tamion, Karine Hamelin, Annie Duflo, Christophe Girault, Jean-Christophe Richard, Guy Bonmarchand. Gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: effect of neuromuscular blocking agent. Intensive care medicine. 2003 Oct; 29(10):1717-22. doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1898-5. [PMID: 12897996]
  • Babita Gupta, S Prakash, K Gujral. Anaesthetic management of the parturient with protein S deficiency and lumboperitoneal shunt. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2003 Oct; 31(5):573-5. doi: 10.1177/0310057x0303100513. [PMID: 14601283]
  • W J Fawcett, J P Stone. Recurarization in the recovery room following the use of magnesium sulphate. British journal of anaesthesia. 2003 Sep; 91(3):435-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg179. [PMID: 12925489]
  • P Carmona García, A Peleteiro Pensado, C Jiménez de La Fuente, S Gago Quiroga, M Zaballos García. [Anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and cisatracurium in renal transplantation]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion. 2003 Aug; 50(7):356-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 14552108]
  • G Della Rocca, L Pompei, C Coccia, M G Costa, V Cecchini, V Vilardi, P Pietropaoli. Atracurium, cisatracurium, vecuronium and rocuronium in patients with renal failure. Minerva anestesiologica. 2003 Jul; 69(7-8):605-11, 612, 5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 14564242]
  • Heidrun Fink, Peter Luppa, Barbara Mayer, Hilkea Rosenbrock, Jochen Metzger, J A Jeevendra Martyn, Manfred Blobner. Systemic inflammation leads to resistance to atracurium without increasing membrane expression of acetylcholine receptors. Anesthesiology. 2003 Jan; 98(1):82-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200301000-00016. [PMID: 12502983]
  • Hans Djurberg, Werner Pothmann Facharzt, Damien Joseph, David Tjan, Mehrun Zuleika, Stanley Ferns, Arshad Rasheed, David A Price Evans, Atef Bassas. Anesthesia care for living-related liver transplantation for infants and children with end-stage liver disease: report of our initial experience. Journal of clinical anesthesia. 2002 Dec; 14(8):564-70. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(02)00446-4. [PMID: 12565113]
  • Haolin Ma, Xinliang Zhuang. Selection of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients undergoing renal transplantation under general anesthesia. Chinese medical journal. 2002 Nov; 115(11):1692-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12609090]
  • J Y Lefrant, C Farenc, J E De la Coussaye, L Muller, J Ripart, P Cuvillon, G Saissi, J J Eledjam. Pharmacodynamics and atracurium and laudanosine concentrations during a fixed continuous infusion of atracurium in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2002 Aug; 30(4):422-7. doi: 10.1177/0310057x0203000403. [PMID: 12180578]
  • Markos Moukas, Mitliades P Vassiliou, Argyro Amygdalou, Costas Mandragos, Fotis Takis, Panagiotis K Behrakis. Muscular mass assessed by ultrasonography after administration of low-dose corticosteroids and muscle relaxants in critically ill hemiplegic patients. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2002 Aug; 21(4):297-302. doi: 10.1054/clnu.2001.0532. [PMID: 12135589]
  • V Fodale, L B Santamaria. Laudanosine, an atracurium and cisatracurium metabolite. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2002 Jul; 19(7):466-73. doi: 10.1017/s0265021502000777. [PMID: 12113608]
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